LAPORAN KEGIATAN INDIVIDU PRAKTIK PENGALAMAN LAPANGAN DI SMP NEGERI 2 KLATEN

Kegiatan Praktek Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) merupakan salah satu rangkaian kegiatan KKN PPL yang diselenggarakan oleh pihak UNY sebagai langkah dari Universitas untuk mempersiapkan tenaga pendidik yang berkualitas, berkompetensi, berpengalaman, bertanggung jawab dan mandiri. Disamping itu agar mahasiswa semakin mendalami perannya sebagai calon guru. Praktik Pengalaman lapangan (PPL) memberikan kesempatan bagi mahasiswa untuk mengaplikasikan teori-teori kependidikan yang selama ini dipelajari di kampus untuk diaplikasikan dalam pembelajaran di kelas secara nyata. Selain itu, Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) ini juga bertujuan untuk melatih mental mahasiswa dalam mengelola kelas, dan dalam pembelajaran agar mahasiswa memiliki bekal dan kesiapan di kemudian hari sebagi seorang pendidik Kegiatan Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL) dilaksanakan pada tanggal 14 Juli sampai dengan tanggal 17 September 2014 di SMP N 2 Klaten. Banyak hal yang didapat dari PPL di SMP N 2 Klaten, terutama memberikan pengalaman pada mahasiswa dalam bidang manajerial, serta memberikan kesempatan pada mahasiswa untuk mempelajari, mengenal, dan mencari solusi atas segala permasalahan dalam lembaga pendidikan yang terkait dengan kegiatan manajerial kelembagaan. Hasil yang diperoleh mahasiswa dari kegiatan PPL ini yaitu mendapatkan pengalaman yang nyata secara langsung di lapangan mengenai perencanaan, penyusunan perangkat , proses pembelajaran, evaluasi pembelajaran, dan pengelolaan kelas. Mahasiswa telah dapat mengaplikasikan dan mengembangkan ilmu serta ketrampilan yang dimiliki sesuai dengan program studi masing-masing khususnya dalam hal ini dalam bidang Seni Musik

PERSEPSI SISWA TERHADAP KEGIATAN EKSTRAKURIKULER KERONCONG DI SMA PANGUDI LUHUR SANTO YOSEF SURAKARTA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persepsi siswa terhadap kegiatan ekstrakurikuler keroncong di SMA Pangudi Luhur Santo Yosef Surakarta. Pengamatan sementara menunjukkan bahwa siswa lebih tertarik dengan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler lain, seperti ekstrakurikuler paduan suara dan ekstrakurikuler band daripada ekstrakurikuler keroncong. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa SMA Pangudi Luhur Santo Yosef Surakarta kelas X, XI, dan XII yang berjumlah 618 siswa. Sampel penelitian adalah 86 siswa kelas X dan XII yang diambil menggunakan teknik random sampling. Teknik pengambilan data menggunakan angket yang disusun berdasarkan skala likert. Keabsahan data diperoleh melalui uji validitas menggunakan rumus korelasi product moment menghasilkan 35 butir pernyataan yang valid dengan rxy > 0,349 dan hasil uji reliabilitas sebesar 0,951 menggunakan rumus cronbach alpha. Teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik statistik deskriptif dalam bentuk deskriptif dan distribusi frekuensi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa persepsi siswa terhadap kegiatan ekstrakurikuler keroncong tergolong ke dalam kategori cukup baik. Dari 86 siswa, siswa yang mempunyai persepsi baik sebanyak 2 siswa (2,33%), kategori cukup baik sebanyak 72 siswa (83,72%), kategori kurang baik sebanyak 7 siswa (8,14%), dan kategori sangat kurang baik sebanyak 5 siswa (5.81%)

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth’s tropical forests

The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (−9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth’s climate

Consistent patterns of common species across tropical tree communities

Trees structure the Earth’s most biodiverse ecosystem, tropical forests. The vast number of tree species presents a formidable challenge to understanding these forests, including their response to environmental change, as very little is known about most tropical tree species. A focus on the common species may circumvent this challenge. Here we investigate abundance patterns of common tree species using inventory data on 1,003,805 trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm across 1,568 locations1,2,3,4,5,6 in closed-canopy, structurally intact old-growth tropical forests in Africa, Amazonia and Southeast Asia. We estimate that 2.2%, 2.2% and 2.3% of species comprise 50% of the tropical trees in these regions, respectively. Extrapolating across all closed-canopy tropical forests, we estimate that just 1,053 species comprise half of Earth’s 800 billion tropical trees with trunk diameters of at least 10 cm. Despite differing biogeographic, climatic and anthropogenic histories7, we find notably consistent patterns of common species and species abundance distributions across the continents. This suggests that fundamental mechanisms of tree community assembly may apply to all tropical forests. Resampling analyses show that the most common species are likely to belong to a manageable list of known species, enabling targeted efforts to understand their ecology. Although they do not detract from the importance of rare species, our results open new opportunities to understand the world’s most diverse forests, including modelling their response to environmental change, by focusing on the common species that constitute the majority of their trees.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access

Plant traits - the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants - determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait‐based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits - almost complete coverage for ‘plant growth form’. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait–environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives

Carbon sequestration potential of second-growth forest regeneration in the Latin American tropics

Regrowth of tropical secondary forests following complete or nearly complete removal of forest vegetation actively stores carbon in aboveground biomass, partially counterbalancing carbon emissions from deforestation, forest degradation, burning of fossil fuels, and other anthropogenic sources. We estimate the age and spatial extent of lowland second-growth forests in the Latin American tropics and model their potential aboveground carbon accumulation over four decades. Our model shows that, in 2008, second-growth forests (1 to 60 years old) covered 2.4 million km2 of land (28.1%of the total study area).Over 40 years, these lands can potentially accumulate a total aboveground carbon stock of 8.48 Pg C (petagrams of carbon) in aboveground biomass via low-cost natural regeneration or assisted regeneration, corresponding to a total CO2 sequestration of 31.09 Pg CO2. This total is equivalent to carbon emissions from fossil fuel use and industrial processes in all of Latin America and the Caribbean from1993 to 2014. Ten countries account for 95% of this carbon storage potential, led by Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela. We model future land-use scenarios to guide national carbon mitigation policies. Permitting natural regeneration on 40% of lowland pastures potentially stores an additional 2.0 Pg C over 40 years. Our study provides information and maps to guide national-level forest-based carbon mitigation plans on the basis of estimated rates of natural regeneration and pasture abandonment. Coupled with avoided deforestation and sustainable forestmanagement, natural regeneration of second-growth forests provides a low-costmechanism that yields a high carbon sequestration potential with multiple benefits for biodiversity and ecosystem services. © 2016 The Authors

Biodiversity recovery of Neotropical secondary forests

Old-growth tropical forests harbor an immense diversity of tree species but are rapidly being cleared, while secondary forests that regrow on abandoned agricultural lands increase in extent. We assess how tree species richness and composition recover during secondary succession across gradients in environmental conditions and anthropogenic disturbance in an unprecedented multisite analysis for the Neotropics. Secondary forests recover remarkably fast in species richness but slowly in species composition. Secondary forests take a median time of five decades to recover the species richness of old-growth forest (80% recovery after 20 years) based on rarefaction analysis. Full recovery of species composition takes centuries (only 34% recovery after 20 years). A dual strategy that maintains both old-growth forests and species-rich secondary forests is therefore crucial for biodiversity conservation in human-modified tropical landscapes. Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost