The Copper T 380 Intrauterine Device: A Summary of Scientific Data

Intrauterine devices are the most widely used of all reversible contraceptive methods worldwide. Modern IUDs are among the most effective and long-acting methods of family planning and are acceptable options for many women. This monograph presents highlights of the clinical performance of the Copper T 380 over eight years, including the latest data on effectiveness, expulsions, and continuation rates. It incorporates data from Population Council and World Health Organization studies, and work by scientists at Family Health International and in several countries. Clinical studies of the three models of the Copper T 380 have provided substantial evidence of the safety, effectiveness, convenience, acceptability, and long-acting quality of this IUD. The bulk of the material in this document presents preclinical and clinical performance, including mechanisms of action, effectiveness, outcome of accidental pregnancy, rates of expulsion and ectopic pregnancy, side effects, continuation rates, return to fertility, and lactation and IUD use. There is also discussion of the data on IUD use and pelvic inflammatory disease, and the importance of performing skilled insertions under aseptic conditions

Reservoir quality of Cenozoic carbonate buildups and coral reef terraces

Almost half of SE Asia's considerable hydrocarbon reserves are contained in carbonates. The majority of these reservoirs are Miocene buildups up to tens of kilometres across. However, with the exception of a few fields, there is little detailed data on how local depositional and diagenetic conditions influence the considerable heterogeneities in reservoir quality often encountered. This study focuses on factors influencing the facies, diagenetic and reservoir variability of comparable Modern, Quaternary and Neogene reef associated deposits from the Tukang Besi Archipelago, Central Indonesia.The Archipelago includes large atolls, a number of smaller buildups and 4 main islands each with modern rimmed shelves or fringing reefs. On the islands, over ten late Neogene and Quaternary coral reef terraces have been uplifted to maximum heights of ~300 m. Analysis of the modern deposits allows initial reservoir potential to be assessed and related to local environmental conditions. The influence of diagenesis on final reservoir quality is evaluated for the depositional facies exposed in the uplifted terraces. The overall spatial distribution of effective porosity across the area is strongly dependent on local energy conditions, water depth, carbonate producers, size of atolls or islands, climate and local meteoric diagenetic processes. This evaluation of spatial variability in carbonate reservoir characteristics provides much needed analogue data as the hydrocarbon industry focuses on improving recovery from existing fields and exploring for new reserves

'Voyaging in': colonialism and migration

A major reference chapter on the history of the literature of colonialism and migration 1945-70. The book marks an intervention into conventional histories of British Literature. The chapter illustrates and analyses the influential formation of alternative modernities by migrant writers resident in Britain during this period; it also extends the gaze to the period before 1945 earlier in the twentieth century. Maps new ways of reading literary history; broad and wideranging discussion of migration during this period