Eyelid development, fusion and subsequent reopening in the mouse

The process of eyelid development was studied in the mouse. The critical events occur between about 15.5 d postcoitum (p.c.) and 12 d after birth, and were studied by conventional histology and by scanning electron microscopy. At about 15.5 d p.c. the cornea of the eye is clearly visible with the primitive eyelids being represented by protruding ridges of epithelium at its periphery. Over the next 24 h, eyelid development proceeds to the stage when the cornea is completely covered by the fused eyelids. Periderm cells stream in to fill the gap between the developing eyelids. Their proliferative activity is such that they produce a cellular excrescence on the outer surface of the line of fusion of the eyelids. This excrescence had almost disappeared by about 17.5 d p.c. Keratinisation is first evident at this stage on the surface of the eyelids and passes continuously from one eyelid to the other. Evidence of epidermal differentiation is more clearly seen in the newborn, where a distinctive stratum granulosum now occupies about one third of its entire thickness. Within the subjacent dermis, hair follicles are differentiating. By about 5 d after birth, a thick layer of keratin extends without interruption across the junctional region. While a noticeable surface indentation overlies the latter, a similar depression is only seen on the conjunctival surface by about 10 d after birth. Keratinisation is also observed to extend in from the epidermal surface to involve the entire region between the 2 eyelids at about this time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS

Language contributions to health related quality of life in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Concurrent with the well-documented motor speech production impairments in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), individuals with ALS exhibit language problems including confrontation and generative naming difficulties, single word auditory and reading comprehension problems, and decreased self-regulation based on fewer self-corrected utterances, among other language disruptions. Health related quality of life (HRQoL) measures specific to ALS often contain items related to its characteristic speech production problems that are thought to influence overall quality of life. However, the language problems in ALS are rarely if ever considered within the context of HRQoL. The current study aimed to identify the relationship between language problems (i.e., quality of communication) and HRQoL among individuals with ALS. Twenty-eight participants with ALS completed a general HRQoL (i.e., SF-36) and a quality of communication measure (i.e., ASHA QCL). Scores on these measures were compared with standardized language test scores and discourse measures including verbal fluency, the Boston Naming Test (BNT), and discourse measures obtained from a picture description task. Participants also completed a cognitive status and depression screening using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), respectively. The severity of ALS was measured using the ALS Functional Rating Scale. Results indicated that verbal fluency (animals), discourse output, and speech intelligibility are associated with quality of communication. Regression analyses revealed important predictors of quality of communication including the BNT, MoCA, GDS, and speech intelligibility. The only significant predictor for general HRQol (i.e., SF-36) was the GDS. Results suggest that poor performance on standardized language tests may not be indicative of poor quality of communication, however, findings show that poor efficiency on discourse tasks does affect quality of communication. Results also show that depression in individuals with ALS is associated with poor HRQoL. Overall physical functioning does not significantly contribute to quality of communication or overall HRQoL. An important implication of the findings is that clinicians should focus on optimizing communication in those individuals with ALS who have poor speech intelligibility in order to optimize discourse output, which, in turn, will enhance the quality of communication in individuals with ALS

Theoretical and experimental studies on charge deformation densities and hydrogen bridges in borane anions and related species

Available from British Library Document Supply Centre- DSC:D85066 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreSIGLEGBUnited Kingdo

The role of merkel cells in mechano-transduction

In whatever receptor system Merkel cells are found tney are always associated with a characteristic, slowly adapting response. The role of Merkel cells in the transduction process of slowly adapting Type I cutaneous mechanoreceptors (SAI receptors or touch domes) of rats and cats was investigated by mecnanical and electrical stimulation of SAI receptors and their afferent fibres in various experimental conditions. In an hypoxic environment, touch domes eventually failed to respond to mechanical stimulation. For receptor failure to occur it was necessary to have an 0^ depleted external environment around the limb as well as an 02 deficient blood supply. Exposure of the limb surface to 02 was sufficient to bring about receptor recovery. Correlated with receptor failure was a significant reduction in the number of densecored vesicles normally found in the Merkel cell cytoplasm adjacent to the nerve ending innervating the cell. Receptor recovery was associated with a return in the numbers of dense-cored vesicles back to that found in control cells.In an hypoxic environment, touch domes eventually failed to respond to mechanical stimulation. For receptor failure to occur it was necessary to have an 0₂ depleted external environment around the limb as well as an 0₂ deficient blood supply. Exposure of the limb surface to 0₂ was sufficient to bring about receptor recovery. Correlated with receptor failure was a significant reduction in the number of densecored vesicles normally found in the Merkel cell cytoplasm adjacent to the nerve ending innervating the cell. Receptor recovery was associated with a return in the numbers of dense-cored vesicles back to that found in control cells.When stimulated in the presence of the known calcium channel blockers cobalt and verapamil hydrochloride, SAI receptors again eventually failed to respond to mechanical stimulation. Correlated with receptor failure was a reduction in the number of Merkel cell vesicles as well as an increase in the number of 'synaptic-like' junctions oDserved between Merkel cells and their associated nerve endings.In hypoxic conditions and in the presence of the calcium channel blockers a response could still be produced in the afferent fibre by electrical stimulation of the fibre close to the touch dome.The results indicate that Merkel cell dense-cored vesicles are necessary for the characteristic slowly adapting response of SAI mechanoreceptors possibly by the secretion of a transmitter substance stored within the vesicles

Reexamining the Law of Rape

A Review Real Rape by Susan Estric

A follow-up study of Norton High School graduates and drop-outs from classes 1942 through 1951.

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Design Space and Evaluation Challenges of Adaptive Graphical User Interfaces

Engineering and Applied Science