Psychological Safety and Communication Difficulties of Teachers and Students During Long-term Online Training

Due to the growing concerns related to the psychological well-being of students and teachers during a long and intensive online training, it becomes necessary for teachers, psychologists, practitioners to take measures to prevent threats to online communication and identify personal resources of psychological security in the online environment.The purpose of the study was to identify the communicative difficulties of long-term online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the personal resources of students and teachers that contribute to ensuring their psychological safety.The study was conducted in February-March 2022. The study sample included 132 students and 40 teachers of the Faculty of Psychology of the Russian State Social University (Moscow). The following techniques were used: “The test of hardiness” (S. Muddy, in the Russian-language adaptation of E.N. Osin, E.I. Rasskazova), “The scale of subjective well-being” (A. Perrudet-Badoux, G.A. Mendelssohn, J. Chiche, in the Russian-language adaptation of M.V. Sokolova), “Methodology for assessing the level of sociability” (V.F. Ryakhovsky), questionnaires “Difficulties of online communication” for students and teachers. The empirical data obtained were interpreted and processed using qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis, including: descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, Spearman correlation analysis. The study showed that during the long-term distance learning, students and teachers experienced significant difficulties in online educational communication, had low levels of subjective well-being, resilience and sociability. These personal qualities are systemic in nature, interrelated and can act as resources to ensure the psychological safety of subjects of education, prevention or coping with difficulties of online communication and hybrid forms of learning.The data obtained make it necessary for teachers to create psychodidactic conditions for a safe online educational environment in which students will be involved as subjects of education, will be able to freely share their opinions and not be afraid to make a mistake, will feel belonging to a group and protected from verbal aggression

A simple model for magnetic reconnection heated corona

We construct a simple model for a magnetic reconnection heated corona above a thin accretion disk in AGNs and Galactic black hole candidates(GBHCs). The basic assumptions are that (1) the magnetic reconnection heat is cooled down overwhelmingly by Compton scattering in the corona and that (2) thermal conduction is dominantly cooled by evaporation of the chromospheric plasma in the disk-corona interface before Compton cooling sets in. With these two basic equations as well as equi-partition of magnetic energy with gas energy in the disk, we can consistently determine the fraction of accretion energy dissipated in the corona without free parameters, and thus determine the temperature and all other quantities in both the corona and disk for given black hole mass and accretion rate. Then, we calculate the luminosity contributed from the disk and corona and the coronal flux weighted Compton $y$ parameter. It is found that, at a low luminosity (less than 0.1 Eddington luminosity) the spectrum is hard with energy spectral index of around 1, while at a high luminosity (larger than 0.1 Eddington luminosity) the spectrum can be either soft or hard. We also find that the situation is almost same for supermassive and stellar-mass black holes. These features are consistent with observations of AGNs and GBHCs.Comment: 8 pages including 2 figures. accepted by ApJ Lette

Хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких в амбулаторной практике

Quality of outpatient management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ways to improve it have been studied in this trial. The study included analysis of 560 medical recorders of outpatients followed up in one and the same outpatient clinic by one and the same physician for 5 to 10 yrs and who were currently newly diagnosed for COPD, epidemiological investigation using questionnaire and spirometry in all patients attending the outpatient clinic, and organization of educational COPD center for physicians, nurses and patients. We assessed concordance of the patients' management according to medical records to national guidelines. Most frequent discrepancies were inaccurate recording of the patient's symptoms and history, incomplete and inadequate examination, incorrect diagnosis, inadequate therapy. Functional disorders were not estimated in 95.9 % of the patients, COPD stage was not determined in 100 % of the cases, severity was not assessed in 83.9 %, and 70.7 % of the patients were not diagnosed for complications and exacerbations of the disease. Inhaled bronchodilators were not administered in 41.9 % of the patients, 90 % of the patients were inadequately treated with antibiotics, 100 % of the patients were not vaccinated. The main reasons for this mismatching were thought to be poor awareness of COPD by physicians, lack of pneumologists in outpatient clinics, and insufficient technical provision of the outpatients clinics with spirographs, oxymeters, etc. The epidemiological examination involved 8 672 patients, among them 38 % reported respiratory symptoms and 24 % had ventilatory disorders. COPD was firstly diagnosed in 768 patients. Implementation of educational programmes have led to necessary functional investigations to be used twice more frequent.В данном исследовании изучались качество амбулаторного ведения больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ) и пути его совершенствования. В структуру исследования входили: экспертиза 560 амбулаторных карт больных, наблюдавшихся в течение 5–10 лет в одной и той же поликлинике одним и тем же терапевтом, у которых в этом году впервые диагностирована ХОБЛ; эпидемиологическое обследование для выявления ХОБЛ с помощью анкетирования и спирометрии среди всех пациентов, обращающихся за медицинской помощью в поликлиники; организация учебного центра для участковых врачей, медсестер и больных по основным проблемам ХОБЛ. При экспертизе амбулаторных карт оценивали соответствие записей национальным стандартам по ведению больных ХОБЛ. Наиболее частыми несоответствиями были неточности в описании жалоб и анамнеза, неполное и неадекватное обследование больного, отсутствие обоснования диагноза, некорректная формулировка диагноза, неадекватная терапия. В 95,9 % случаев не указывалась функциональная недостаточность, в 100 % случаев – стадия болезни, в 83,9 % – степень тяжести, в 70,7 % – не диагностировались осложнения и обострения. В 41,96 % случаев не назначались ингаляционные бронходилататоры, 90 % больных необоснованно назначались антибиотики, в 100 % случаев не проводилась вакцинация. Основными причинами ошибок в работе терапевтов нами признаны низкий уровень подготовленности врачей по проблеме ХОБЛ, недостаточная обеспеченность поликлиник пульмонологами, недостаточная техническая оснащенность (спирографы, пульсоксиметры). Из 8 672 человек, участвовавших в эпидемиологическом обследовании, у 38 % при анкетировании выявлены респираторные жалобы, у 24 % – изменения на спирограмме. ХОБЛ впервые диагностирована у 768 пациентов. В результате внедрения образовательных программ врачи в 2 раза чаще стали назначать необходимый объем функциональных исследований

Forced Transition to Distance Learning: Students’ Expectations and Concerns

Весной 2020 года в связи с угрозой распространения COVID-19 большинство российских университетов перешли на дистанционное обучение. Эта вынужденная мера предъявила новые требования к преподавателям и студентам: им пришлось оперативно подстраиваться к новым образовательным условиям, что вызвало опасения относительно качества обучения в дистанционном формате. В данной исследовательской статье отражены результаты выявления категорий студентов, высказывающих наиболее высокий уровень опасений трудностей, связанных с непониманием учебного материала в новых условиях. В исследовании были задействованы студенты УрФУ (всего 6 230 человек), опрошенные в марте 2020 года. Регрессионный анализ данных показал, что страх не справиться с обучением был более всего характерен для студентов младших курсов обучения, для студентов, невысоко оценивающих свои навыки самоорганизации, для студентов, опасающихся трудностей в коммуникации с преподавателями и своей низкой мотивации, а также для студентов, посещающих занятия с целью приобретения знаний. На основании полученных данных авторами статьи обсуждаются возможные меры поддержки студентов в условиях быстрого и массового перехода на дистанционный режим обучения.Spring 2020 saw most Russian universities’ switch to distant learning due to the threat of COVID-19. The forced transition imposed new demands on faculty and students, who had to quickly adapt to the new educational conditions. These changes raised concerns about the quality of distant learning. The purpose of this study was to identify which students expressed more anxiety on expecting difficulties associated with a lack of understanding educational material under new circumstances. The study was based on the data of 6,230 Ural Federal University students polled in March 2020. Regression data analysis showed that the fear of not being able to cope with learning was more typical for the 1st and the 2nd year bachelors, for students who lowly estimate their self-regulated learning skills, for students who expected difficulties of communicating with teachers and of being motivated, as well as for students who attended classes for the sake of learning. The authors discuss possible measures to support students in the conditions of rapid and mass transition to distant learning

Influence of academic-professional hardiness on the subjective well-being of students in socionomic professions: The role of coping styles

Introduction. Professions such as doctors, teachers, psychologists, and social workers entail a certain risk to the psychological well-being of both professionals and students due to their educational and professional activities. Aim. The present study aims to explore the factors, which contribute to the development of resilience skills in students of socionomic professions, and which could ensure their psychological well-being in relation to their future professional activities. Methodology and research methods. The theoretical foundations of resilience theory by S. Maddi, D. A. Leontiev, E. I. Rasskazova and others served as subject-scientific guidelines, as well as the approaches of positive psychology to studying subjective well-being of individuals (K. Rogers, M. Seligman). Psychodiagnostic methods such as “Academical-Professional Hardiness”, “Subjective Well-Being Scale”, and “Coping with Stress Questionnaire” (COPE) were employed. The collected data were processed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. Research participants. The sample consisted of students majoring in pedagogy, psychology, medicine, and social sciences. The total number of participants was 282, ranging in age from 18 to 20 years old. Results and scientific novelty. The results allow refining knowledge about the characteristics of psychological factors, which contribute to the subjective well-being of students in helping professions. It has been found that the main predictors of subjective well-being among students in socionomic fields of study are academic and professional hardiness, as well as constructive coping styles in dealing with difficulties. Additionally, differentiation in the choice of dominant constructive coping strategies has been observed among students from different academic fields. Practical significance. The obtained results allow refining the understanding of educational and professional resilience as a predictor of students’ psychological well-being in helping professions through productive coping styles, as well as outlining approaches to developing and implementing programmes for enhancing academic and professional hardiness among students in socionomic fields of education (such as pedagogy and education, psychology, social work, medicine). The theoretical and empirical findings of this research can be useful in designing lessons on psychological disciplines.Введение. Профессии врача, учителя, психолога, социального работника обладают определенным риском для сохранения психологического благополучия как специалистов, так и студентов социономического профиля подготовки в связи с их учебно-профессиональной деятельностью. Цель исследования состоит в изучении факторов, способствующих формированию жизнестойких навыков студентов социономических направлений подготовки и способных обеспечить их психологическое благополучие в связи с будущей профессиональной деятельностью. Методология и методики исследования. В качестве предметно-научных ориентиров выступили положения теории жизнестойкости С. Мадди, Д. А. Леонтьева, Е. И. Рассказовой и др., а также подходы позитивной психологии к изучению субъективного благополучия личности (К. Роджерс, М. Селигман). Применялись психодиагностические методики «Учебно-профессиональная жизнестойкость», «Шкала субъективного благополучие», «Опросник совладания со стрессом» (COPE). Полученные данные обрабатывались с помощью описательных статистик, корреляционного, регрессионного и конфирматорного факторного анализа. Участники исследования. Выборка представлена студентами педагогического, психологического, медицинского и социального направлений подготовки. Общее количество испытуемых – 282 человек в возрасте от 18 до 20 лет. Результаты и научная новизна. Результаты позволяют уточнить знания об особенностях психологических факторов, с помощью которых обеспечивается субъективное благополучие студентов помогающих профессий. Выявлено, что основными предикторами субъективного благополучия студентов социономического профиля подготовки стали учебно-профессиональная жизнестойкость и конструктивные стили совладания с трудностями, которыми она достигается. При этом обнаружена дифференциация в выборе доминирующих конструктивных копингов у студентов разных профилей подготовки. Gрактическая значимость. Полученные результаты позволяют уточнить понимание учебно-профессиональной жизнестойкости как предиктора психологического благополучия студентов помогающих профессий посредством продуктивных стилей совладания и наметить подходы к разработке и реализации программ развития учебно-профессиональной жизнестойкости студентов социономического профиля подготовки (педагогики и образования, психологии, социальной работы, медицины). Теоретические и эмпирические результаты исследования могут быть полезны при разработке занятий по психологическим дисциплинам.The research was carried out at the expense of the grant of the Russian Science Foundation No. 22-18-00678 (https://rscf.ru/project/22-18-00678), Ivanovo State UniversityИсследование выполнено за счет гранта Российского научного фонда № 22- 18-00678 (https://rscf.ru/project/22-18-00678), Ивановский государственный университет

Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009 and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3% for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table, submitted to European Physical Journal

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

Measurement of χ c1 and χ c2 production with s√ = 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

The prompt and non-prompt production cross-sections for the χ c1 and χ c2 charmonium states are measured in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using 4.5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. The χ c states are reconstructed through the radiative decay χ c → J/ψγ (with J/ψ → μ + μ −) where photons are reconstructed from γ → e + e − conversions. The production rate of the χ c2 state relative to the χ c1 state is measured for prompt and non-prompt χ c as a function of J/ψ transverse momentum. The prompt χ c cross-sections are combined with existing measurements of prompt J/ψ production to derive the fraction of prompt J/ψ produced in feed-down from χ c decays. The fractions of χ c1 and χ c2 produced in b-hadron decays are also measured

Measurements of Higgs boson production and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements are presented of production properties and couplings of the recently discovered Higgs boson using the decays into boson pairs, H →γ γ, H → Z Z∗ →4l and H →W W∗ →lνlν. The results are based on the complete pp collision data sample recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 25 fb−1. Evidence for Higgs boson production through vector-boson fusion is reported. Results of combined fits probing Higgs boson couplings to fermions and bosons, as well as anomalous contributions to loop-induced production and decay modes, are presented. All measurements are consistent with expectations for the Standard Model Higgs boson

Standalone vertex finding in the ATLAS muon spectrometer

A dedicated reconstruction algorithm to find decay vertices in the ATLAS muon spectrometer is presented. The algorithm searches the region just upstream of or inside the muon spectrometer volume for multi-particle vertices that originate from the decay of particles with long decay paths. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using both a sample of simulated Higgs boson events, in which the Higgs boson decays to long-lived neutral particles that in turn decay to bbar b final states, and pp collision data at √s = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2011