Efectos de la concentración de solución nutritiva Steiner y sustrato de crecimiento en la calidad de semilla de tomate

The evaluation of seed quality allows to know the physical, physiological, genetic and sanitary state of the seed, as well as to predict the potential response to sowing and the first stages of plant growth. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of Steiner nutrient solution (normal and modified) and growth substrate on the physical and physiological quality of tomato seed. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse at the Tecnológico Nacional de México, Campus Roque, located in Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico, in the period March-July 2018. Two factors were used: complete Steiner nutrient solution (100 %, control) and two variants: diluted (-25 %, -50 %) and concentrated (+25 %, +50 %) and two substrates: red tezontle and coconut fiber. The harvest (or cutting) of bunches with fruit was carried out on five dates: 72, 86, 97, 108 and 120 days after transplanting (ddt), identified by the pink/red color of the fruit pericarp, from which the quality of the seed extracted was determined by weight of 100 seeds and standard germination percentage. The results showed significant effect (p ≤ 0.01) of the nutrient solution on seed weight from the third cut (97 ddt) and on standard germination at 108 and 120 ddt. While the substrate did so only at 97 ddt in both characteristics. Thus, the concentrated Steiner nutrient solution (+25 and +50 %) together with coconut fiber, promoted higher seed weight and increased the standard germination of tomato seed from 20 to 26 %. The quality of tomato seed improves with the rational handling of Steiner nutrient solution.  La evaluación de la calidad de la semilla permite conocer el estado físico, fisiológico, genético y sanitario que presenta, así como predecir la respuesta potencial a la siembra y los primeros estados de crecimiento de la planta. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la solución nutritiva Steiner (normal y modificada) y del sustrato de crecimiento en la calidad física y fisiológica de semilla de tomate. El experimento se realizó en el invernadero del Tecnológico Nacional de México, campus Roque, ubicado en Celaya, Guanajuato, México, en el periodo marzo-julio del 2018.Se usaron dos factores: solución nutritiva Steiner completa (100 %, testigo) y dos variantes: diluida (-25 %, -50 %) y concentrada (+25 %, +50 %) y dos sustratos: tezontle rojo y fibra de coco. La cosecha (o corte) de racimos con frutos se desarrolló en cinco fechas: 72, 86, 97, 108 y 120 días después del trasplante (ddt), identificada por el color rosado/rojo del pericarpio del fruto, a partir de lo cual se determinó la calidad de la semilla extraída mediante peso de 100 semillas y porcentaje de germinación estándar. Los resultados mostraron un efecto significativo (p ≤ 0,01) de la solución nutritiva en el peso de la semilla a partir del tercer corte (97 ddt) y en la germinación estándar a 108 y 120 ddt; mientras que el sustrato lo hizo únicamente a los 97 ddt en ambas características. Así, la solución nutritiva Steiner concentrada (+25 % y +50 %) acompañada de fibra de coco promueve el mayor peso de la semilla e incrementa la germinación estándar de la semilla de tomate de 20 % a 26 %, por lo que la calidad de la semilla de tomate mejora con el manejo racional de la solución nutritiva Steiner.  

ANÁLISIS DE VARIABLES DETERMINANTES EN EL CRECIMIENTO DEL CHILE HABANERO (CAPSICUM CHINENSE).

Resumen En la región del Bajío, la producción de chile habanero se considera escasa por los expertos, las condiciones climáticas que demanda este tipo de cultivo para el crecimiento son cálidas. Gracias al cultivo protegido es posible controlar las condiciones para el crecimiento de las plantas.En el Tecnológico Nacional de México/Roque, dentro del área de la División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, surge la necesidad de conocer los factores que influyen en el crecimiento y la producción del chile habanero en invernaderos, así mismo, proporcionar un estudio de crecimiento que ayude a los especialistas a determinar las variables fenológicas de la planta, mediante el control cuantitativo de variables determinantes relacionadas que ayuden en el análisis del crecimiento de la hoja del chile habanero. Con el fin de presentar a los especialistas un método de estimación de crecimiento basado en un estudio de campo.Palabras Clave: Análisis, Crecimiento, Estimación, Habanero, Invernadero.ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANT VARIABLES IN THE GROWTH OF HABANERO PEPPER (CAPSICUM CHINENSE)Abstract In the bajio region, the production of habanero pepper is considered scarce by the experts. The climatic conditions demanded by this type of crop for growth are warm. Thanks to the protected cultivations, it’s possible to control the conditions for the growth of the plants. At the Technological Institute of Roque, within the area of the division of Postgraduate Studies and Research. There is a need to know the factors that influence the growth and production of habanero pepper in greenhouse, as well as to provide a growth study that helps the specialists to determine that help in the analysis of the growth of the leaf of the habanero pepper. In order to present to specialists, a method of estimating growth based on a field study. Keywords: Analysis, Estimation, Greenhouse, Growth, Habanero

Efecto del cambio climático en el periodo de crecimiento en Guanajuato

El incremento de la temperatura y la modificación de los patrones de distribución de la lluvia son dos de los efectos más ampliamente documentados del cambio climático global. Los impactos que tales cambios están provocando en los procesos de producción agrícola constituyen una de las principales amenazas para la producción de alimentos, sobre todo bajo condiciones de temporal. El presente estudio pretende evidenciar los cambios que han tenido lugar en la disponibilidad de humedad para los cultivos y que son atribuibles al cambio climático en el estado de Guanajuato. El análisis consistió en estimar el periodo de crecimiento por disponibilidad de humedad (PC) a partir de las series históricas diarias de clima de 58 estaciones del Servicio Meteorológico Nacional. Las series históricas se dividieron en dos periodos: el primero de 1960 a 1979 y el segundo de 1980 a 2017. En el periodo de 1960-1979, el inicio del PC, calculado al 80 % de probabilidad acumulativa, ocurrió el día 193 (día juliano), el cual corresponde al 11 de julio; mientras que en el periodo 1980-2017 se presentó hasta el día 211, que corresponde al 30 de julio. En lo que se refiere a la duración del PC, calculada al 80 % de probabilidad de excedencia, se observa una reducción, al pasar de 110 días en el periodo 1960-1979 a solo 75 días en el periodo 1980-2017. De continuar estas tendencias, la superficie agrícola susceptible de ser cultivada bajo condiciones de temporal en el estado se reducirá drásticamente en pocos años

COVID-19 Severity and Survival over Time in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies: A Population-Based Registry Study

Mortality rates for COVID-19 have declined over time in the general population, but data in patients with hematologic malignancies are contradictory. We identified independent prognostic factors for COVID-19 severity and survival in unvaccinated patients with hematologic malignancies, compared mortality rates over time and versus non-cancer inpatients, and investigated post COVID-19 condition. Data were analyzed from 1166 consecutive, eligible patients with hematologic malignancies from the population-based HEMATO-MADRID registry, Spain, with COVID-19 prior to vaccination roll-out, stratified into early (February–June 2020; n = 769 (66%)) and later (July 2020–February 2021; n = 397 (34%)) cohorts. Propensity-score matched non-cancer patients were identified from the SEMI-COVID registry. A lower proportion of patients were hospitalized in the later waves (54.2%) compared to the earlier (88.6%), OR 0.15, 95%CI 0.11–0.20. The proportion of hospitalized patients admitted to the ICU was higher in the later cohort (103/215, 47.9%) compared with the early cohort (170/681, 25.0%, 2.77; 2.01–3.82). The reduced 30-day mortality between early and later cohorts of non-cancer inpatients (29.6% vs. 12.6%, OR 0.34; 0.22–0.53) was not paralleled in inpatients with hematologic malignancies (32.3% vs. 34.8%, OR 1.12; 0.81–1.5). Among evaluable patients, 27.3% had post COVID-19 condition. These findings will help inform evidence-based preventive and therapeutic strategies for patients with hematologic malignancies and COVID-19 diagnosis.Depto. de MedicinaFac. de MedicinaTRUEFundación Madrileña de Hematología y HemoterapiaFundación Leucemia y LinfomaAsociación Madrileña de Hematología y Hemoterapiapu

XXV Curso Monográfico de Psiquiatría Infantil y la Adolescencia: Tópicos de Psicofarmacología Infantil - 2023

El XXV Curso Monográfico de Psiquiatría Infantil y de la Adolescencia, titulado "Tópicos de Psicofarmacología Infantil," fue un evento destacado en el campo de la salud mental infantil y adolescente. Durante tres días en septiembre de 2023, expertos líderes en la materia se reunieron para explorar a fondo la psicofarmacología en este grupo de edad. El evento, dedicado a la memoria del Dr. Francisco Javier Valencia Granados, comenzó con una ceremonia de inauguración en la que participaron autoridades institucionales. Luego, se sucedieron conferencias magistrales que abordaron una amplia variedad de temas cruciales. Estos incluyeron aspectos fundamentales como la neurobioquímica farmacológica y una introducción a la psicofarmacología. El programa se adentró en cuestiones específicas, como el uso de antipsicóticos en paidopsiquiatría, el abordaje de trastornos del aprendizaje, el tratamiento del suicidio desde una perspectiva psicofarmacológica, y la gestión farmacológica del insomnio en niños. Se exploraron temas especializados, como el tratamiento de la esquizofrenia en pacientes infantiles. El segundo día se centró en trastornos emocionales en niños y adolescentes, destacando el tratamiento del trastorno depresivo, los trastornos ansiosos y el espectro autista. Se presentaron enfoques vanguardistas, como el uso de psicodélicos en adolescentes y las novedades en psicofarmacología, como el dextrometorfano y el bupropión. También se discutió el manejo de la epilepsia y la adicción a los videojuegos. El tercer día se enfocó en el tratamiento farmacológico de trastornos pediátricos específicos, como el trastorno bipolar, el déficit de atención e hiperactividad, la enuresis y encopresis, parasomnias, y el abordaje neuropsiquiátrico en pacientes pediátricos con VIH. Se exploraron también trastornos de la conducta alimentaria y la disforia de género. El evento culminó con una reflexión sobre la salud mental en niños y un emotivo tributo al Dr. Francisco Javier

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use in early acute respiratory distress syndrome : Insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Publisher Copyright: © 2020 The Author(s). Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.Background: Concerns exist regarding the prevalence and impact of unnecessary oxygen use in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We examined this issue in patients with ARDS enrolled in the Large observational study to UNderstand the Global impact of Severe Acute respiratory FailurE (LUNG SAFE) study. Methods: In this secondary analysis of the LUNG SAFE study, we wished to determine the prevalence and the outcomes associated with hyperoxemia on day 1, sustained hyperoxemia, and excessive oxygen use in patients with early ARDS. Patients who fulfilled criteria of ARDS on day 1 and day 2 of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure were categorized based on the presence of hyperoxemia (PaO2 > 100 mmHg) on day 1, sustained (i.e., present on day 1 and day 2) hyperoxemia, or excessive oxygen use (FIO2 ≥ 0.60 during hyperoxemia). Results: Of 2005 patients that met the inclusion criteria, 131 (6.5%) were hypoxemic (PaO2 < 55 mmHg), 607 (30%) had hyperoxemia on day 1, and 250 (12%) had sustained hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use occurred in 400 (66%) out of 607 patients with hyperoxemia. Excess FIO2 use decreased from day 1 to day 2 of ARDS, with most hyperoxemic patients on day 2 receiving relatively low FIO2. Multivariate analyses found no independent relationship between day 1 hyperoxemia, sustained hyperoxemia, or excess FIO2 use and adverse clinical outcomes. Mortality was 42% in patients with excess FIO2 use, compared to 39% in a propensity-matched sample of normoxemic (PaO2 55-100 mmHg) patients (P = 0.47). Conclusions: Hyperoxemia and excess oxygen use are both prevalent in early ARDS but are most often non-sustained. No relationship was found between hyperoxemia or excessive oxygen use and patient outcome in this cohort. Trial registration: LUNG-SAFE is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02010073publishersversionPeer reviewe

Enhanced production of multi-strange hadrons in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions

At sufficiently high temperature and energy density, nuclear matter undergoes a transition to a phase in which quarks and gluons are not confined: the quark-gluon plasma (QGP)(1). Such an exotic state of strongly interacting quantum chromodynamics matter is produced in the laboratory in heavy nuclei high-energy collisions, where an enhanced production of strange hadrons is observed(2-6). Strangeness enhancement, originally proposed as a signature of QGP formation in nuclear collisions(7), is more pronounced for multi-strange baryons. Several effects typical of heavy-ion phenomenology have been observed in high-multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions(8,9), but the enhanced production of multi-strange particles has not been reported so far. Here we present the first observation of strangeness enhancement in high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions. We find that the integrated yields of strange and multi-strange particles, relative to pions, increases significantly with the event charged-particle multiplicity. The measurements are in remarkable agreement with the p-Pb collision results(10,11), indicating that the phenomenon is related to the final system created in the collision. In high-multiplicity events strangeness production reaches values similar to those observed in Pb-Pb collisions, where a QGP is formed.Peer reviewe

Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance