Comparison of learning approaches in successful and unsuccessful students in Arak University of Medical Sciences, 2010

Background: The ability of students to utilize learning approaches is one of the most important and key factors in their academic achievement. This study aimed to determine and compare the learning approaches between two groups of students of Arak University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This is cross-sectional analytic study conducted in Arak University of Medical Sciences in 2010. Participants in this study included 110 students with Grade Point Average above 17 (as successful) and 123 students with GPA below 14 (as unsuccessful) that were selected through census. All participants completed the demographic information questionnaire and the two-part questionnaire of study process (to determine deep and surface learning). Data was analyzed by SPSS software using independent t test. Results Deep learning approach in students' academic success compared to unsuccessful students was significantly higher (01/0p =).Surface learning approach of students' academic compared to unsuccessful students is significantly lower (01/0p =). The significant correlation was seen among interest in the field of education, precision and focus in class and average of study hours in 24 hours and GPA of diploma study with academic achievement. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that there was statistically significant difference between successful and unsuccessful students in terms of the processes that they use in regarding and learning. Students and teachers have to know more about learning approached in order to train learners with complex thinking and problem-solving ability

Comparison of learning approaches in successful and unsuccessful students in Arak University of Medical Sciences, 2010

Background: The ability of students to utilize learning approaches is one of the most important and key factors in their academic achievement. This study aimed to determine and compare the learning approaches between two groups of students of Arak University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This is cross-sectional analytic study conducted in Arak University of Medical Sciences in 2010. Participants in this study included 110 students with Grade Point Average above 17 (as successful) and 123 students with GPA below 14 (as unsuccessful) that were selected through census. All participants completed the demographic information questionnaire and the two-part questionnaire of study process (to determine deep and surface learning). Data was analyzed by SPSS software using independent t test. Results Deep learning approach in students' academic success compared to unsuccessful students was significantly higher (01/0p =).Surface learning approach of students' academic compared to unsuccessful students is significantly lower (01/0p =). The significant correlation was seen among interest in the field of education, precision and focus in class and average of study hours in 24 hours and GPA of diploma study with academic achievement. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that there was statistically significant difference between successful and unsuccessful students in terms of the processes that they use in regarding and learning. Students and teachers have to know more about learning approached in order to train learners with complex thinking and problem-solving ability

Evaluating Infant Complementary Feeding Pattern and Some Related Factors in Health Care Centers in Khorramabad, 2017 Year

Objective: Inappropriate starting of complementary feeding is an important factor leading to infant growth delay and malnutrition. This study was aimed to determine the complementary feeding pattern and some related factors in health care centers in Khorramabad.  Methods: This cross-sectional study, included 300 one year old infants who had referred to nine health care centers in Khorramabad by multistage sampling. In present study, we used a questionnaire included individual information about mothers and infants and a checklist for evaluating breastfeeding and complementary feeding. Chi-square test and one way ANOVA were used to analyze the data.  Results: In present study, 50.7% of infants were girls and 60.3% of cases were the first infant in their family. 59.3% of infants were delivered by cesarean. Average age of starting complementary feeding was 0.5 8.5. 75.7% of infants had exclusive breastfeeding up to first six months of their life. Among most cases, the first complementary food was rice flour porridge (29.3%) and almond porridge (15.7%). Most mothers had acquired necessary information about complementary feeding by using booklets (20.7%) and physician guidance (16.7%). There was a statistically significant relationship between age of starting complementary feeding and mother’s education (P=0.043) level and employment status (P=0.001).  Conclusion: Related authorities should begin comprehensive and effective education by using novel training strategies to raise mothers' knowledge about age of starting complementary feeding and how to do it at health care centers

The prevalence of phantom vibration/ringing syndromes and their related factors in Iranian’ students of medical sciences

Background and aim Mobile phone abuse can cause pathologic stress that may lead to addictive behavior such as Phantom Vibration Syndrome (PVS) and Phantom Ringing Syndrome (PRS). The current study aimed to determine the PVS and PRS due to mobile phone use in students of Qom University of medical Sciences in Iran. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants The participants were 380 students selected by proportional stratified random sampling method in each stratum. Measurements Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive and analytic statistical methods including t-test, chi square and analysis of variance. Findings The prevalence of PVS and PRS due to mobile phones in students of medical sciences was estimated to be 54.3% and 49.3%, respectively. PVS was higher in female students than in males while the PRS was higher in male students. There was a significant relationship between PVS and using social networks such as Viber, WhatsApp, and Line. In addition, a significant association was observed between PVS and friend-finding, chatting and entertainment. Conclusion Studies should be done in the future to assess the long-term complication of overusing mobile phones. In the current study, the prevalence of PVS and PRS in half of students is considerabl

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION-REVIEW ARTICLE

Introduction: Cardiac arrest is one of the major causes of increased mortality and morbidity worldwide Regarding the occurrence of physiological changes in the vital system of pregnant mothers and reminders, it must be stated that the fact that heart disease in pregnant women can endanger two lives simultaneously, it is clearly indicative of the importance of taking correct remedial and precautionary measures. On the other hand, since the implementation of cardiopulmonary arrest on pregnant women cause incidents, timely and correct remediation is associated with a high percentage of success. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to review the recovery of heart rhythm in pregnant mothers. Methods: In this review article, the databases Medline, Cochrane, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched to identify the studies investigating Pulmonary cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In this review, the papers published until early January 2017 that were conducted to study the Paget's disease were selected. In searching for the articles, those English papers were selected that had investigated Pulmonary cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Results: . Side effects such as heart rhythm disorders and pulmonary edema usually arise in the context of old heart disease and follow physiological changes in the cardiovascular and pulmonary causes which, unless treated timely and correctly, may lead to cardiac arrest. Conclusion: In case of cardiac arrest, ventilation of pregnant mothers is initially performed by mask and bag valve mask and the oxygen core. If additional ventilation is needed, intubation of the trachea should be done as soon as possible and the ventilation must continue through the tracheal tube and bag valve mask; finally, in case of prolonged cardiac and respiratory difficulty, long-term ventilation can be used. Keywords: Pulmonary, cardiopulmonary, resuscitatio

Identification of medicinal plants effective on sinusitis native to Shiraz province in Iran

Sinusitis is one of the most infectious diseases that affect holes around the nose such as frontal ethmoid sinuses, maxillary and sphenoid. Symptoms usually include nasal congestion and obstruction, feeling of pressure or fullness in the face, anterior or posterior nasal causing discharge, headaches, fever, swelling and erythema in forehead or cheek and cough. The symptoms might be edema and mucosal congestion, nasal drainage, posterior nasal discharge, nasal septum deviation and polyps. The medicinal plants identified for instance are Amygdalus scoparia Spach, Echinophora platyloba DC., Haplophyllum perforatum L, Lavandula stoechas L, Borago officinalis, Matricaria recutita, Descurainia Sophia (L.) Schr and Haplophyllum perforatum L to treat sinusitis in Shiraz. Many of these plants have antioxidant activity and contain bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, anthocyanins, tannins and many other pharmaceutical bioactive ingredients that have effects on sinusitis. This paper aims to review the recently published papers in this topic

A population study of clinically actionable genetic variation affecting drug response from the Middle East

Clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics will help in personalizing drug prescriptions and alleviate the personal and financial burden due to inefficacy and adverse reactions to drugs. However, such implementation is lagging in many parts of the world, including the Middle East, mainly due to the lack of data on the distribution of actionable pharmacogenomic variation in these ethnicities. We analyzed 6,045 whole genomes from the Qatari population for the distribution of allele frequencies of 2,629 variants in 1,026 genes known to affect 559 drugs or classes of drugs. We also performed a focused analysis of genotypes or diplotypes of 15 genes affecting 46 drugs, which have guidelines for clinical implementation and predicted their phenotypic impact. The allele frequencies of 1,320 variants in 703 genes affecting 299 drugs or class of drugs were significantly different between the Qatari population and other world populations. On average, Qataris carry 3.6 actionable genotypes/diplotypes, affecting 13 drugs with guidelines for clinical implementation, and 99.5% of the individuals had at least one clinically actionable genotype/diplotype. Increased risk of simvastatin-induced myopathy could be predicted in ~32% of Qataris from the diplotypes of SLCO1B1, which is higher compared to many other populations, while fewer Qataris may need tacrolimus dosage adjustments for achieving immunosuppression based on the CYP3A5 diplotypes compared to other world populations. Distinct distribution of actionable pharmacogenomic variation was also observed among the Qatari subpopulations. Our comprehensive study of the distribution of actionable genetic variation affecting drugs in a Middle Eastern population has potential implications for preemptive pharmacogenomic implementation in the region and beyond

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations

Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017 : A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study

Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Comparing of Barriers to Research Activities among Students of Arak University of Medical Sciences, and Appropriate Strategies for Student Research Management

Introduction: Scientific research in the medical sciences is known as a basic necessity for professional development which leads to clinical improvement. This study aims to compare the barriers to research activities among students of Arak University of Medical Sciences and provide proper strategies for student research management. Methods: This analytical comparative study was carried out in year 2012 on 325 students of Arak University of Medical Sciences. Non-researcer students were selected through stratified sampling while researcher students were selected by census. Data was collected using two researcher-made questionnaires classified using Likert scale that compared barriers existing in institutional and individual area. The scores given to these barriers were compared to those found by similar studies in 25 published articles. Strategies for improving student research management were validated using the Delphi technique. Validity and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed and data was analyzed using ANOVA and t-test. Results: According to the viewpoints of researcher students, mean score for barriers in instutional area was (3.32±2.14) and according to non-researcher students, mean score for existence of barriers in individual area was (3.68±1.98) which is considered high . The highest barrier scores belonged to the lack of of trained research assistants (4.35±1.3), no application of research outcomes in the community (4.25±.9), and students’ unfamiliarity with digital library (4.31±1.5). The mean score of institutional barriers given by non-researcher students was significantly different among different schools (p=0.001). No significant correlation was observed between gender or students’ grand point averages with scores of research barriers (p>0/05). Finally improvement strategies for students’ reasearch management in three fields of structure, process, and function were represented. Conclusion: This research emphasises on the required infrastructures for student researches, taking benefit of well-trained research assistants and encorporating research methodology course in curricula of all medical sciences disciplines as the main basis for student research activity improvement