Preservation Strategies and Issues for Tehran City Identity in a Rapidly Changing Urban Landscape

The presented article discusses the issues of Tehran city identity preservation in a rapidly changing urban landscape, taking into account that city preservation encompasses strategies to maintain and enhance the historical, cultural, and architectural integrity of urban environments. Being a vibrant capital city of Iran, Tehran is considered a city steeped in history, culture, and rapid urban development. As it transforms into a modern metropolis, the challenges of preserving its unique identity while implementing sustainable architectural planning become more important. Therefore, it is of high importance to examine how traditional Persian architecture and modern urban challenges intersect. These circumstances may be critical not only for preserving the cultural heritage of Tehran but also for ensuring a livable environment for its residents. The number of conducted studies reveals the importance of integrating local heritage with contemporary urban needs, demonstrating that effective city preservation between the past and the present may be realized through cultural identity at the same time as promoting social cohesion, economic vitality, and civil education. As the city identity preservation refers to the efforts made to preserve and protect the unique character, historical image, and cultural heritage of a city, therefore it can involve a combination of architectural conservation and sustainable development practices. These efforts will contribute to promoting a sense of belonging and pride among residents while attracting visitors who appreciate the distinctive identity of this Eastern-type city. Currently the historical texture of Tehran is an attractive mix of historic and modern architecture, reflecting its rich cultural legacy and rapid urbanization

Towards an Understanding of Perceptual Illusions in Language and Speech: A Cross-Linguistic Perspective

Perceptual illusions in language and speech reveal how listeners interpret auditory input in ways that deviate from the acoustic signals they receive. These phenomena shed light on the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying speech perception, shaped by linguistic and cultural factors. This paper reviews four key perceptual illusions: phonemic restoration, the McGurk effect, verbal transformation, and auditory streaming, examining their manifestation across different languages, including Persian, Turkish, Japanese, and English. By integrating findings from diverse linguistic studies, this paper highlights the interplay between universal perceptual processes and language-specific influences, with implications for speech recognition technology, language learning, and clinical applications.

The Role and Benefits of ChatGPT in the Agriculture Sector in EU Countries

The implementation of ChatGPT in the agricultural sector throughout the countries of the EU is revolutionising conventional farming methods. ChatGPT utilises sophisticated artificial intelligence capabilities to offer immediate assistance and valuable information to farmers, thereby improving their ability to make informed decisions and increasing their efficiency. The uses of this technology span from enhancing crop yields through predictive analytics to providing personalised guidance on sustainable farming methods. Moreover, ChatGPT enhances the effectiveness of supply chain management and enhances communication between stakeholders. This technological innovation aligns with the European Union's objectives of fostering a more sustainable and innovative agricultural future. This study examines the role and benefits of ChatGPT, an advanced artificial intelligence technology, in the agriculture sector of EU countries. The analysis is based on a mixed-effects model using secondary data from the European Commission's agricultural database and various agricultural research institutions across EU countries. The model includes covariates such as crop yields, water consumption, and decision-making scores, and accounts for country and year fixed effects. The results indicate that ChatGPT adoption has a statistically significant and positive impact on crop yields, resource consumption, and decision-making capabilities. Specifically, ChatGPT adoption leads to a 0.87 metric ton increase in crop yields per hectare, a 230 cubic meter reduction in water consumption per hectare, and a 1.24-point increase in decision-making scores. The findings demonstrate the potential of ChatGPT to improve agricultural performance in EU countries, and highlight the importance of integrating AI technologies in the agricultural sector to address pressing challenges such as resource scarcity and climate change. The study has some  limitations, including potential unobserved confounding factors and the generalizability of the findings across different agricultural practices and contexts. Future research should explore the long-term impacts of ChatGPT and other AI technologies on agriculture

Financial Inclusion and Resilience Among Farmers in Rural Communities

Farmers are among the underserved community and often face difficulties to accessing financial services which hinders their ability to improve productivity, manage risks, and achieve economic resilience in the long term. This study explores the financial inclusion among farmers in rural communities focusing on the challenges they encounter and their coping mechanisms to survive economic shocks and financial exclusion. This study used convergent parallel mixed-methods design, and data were collected across seven municipalities in Southern Palawan, Philippines with 369 farmers participants. The study determines the socio-economic profile of farmers in terms of educational attainment, training and seminars attended, average income per cropping, farm size, and financial services obtained. While majority of the farmers are in elementary and high school levels, they have varied income brackets along with their farm size and access to different financial services, such as loans and insurance. A significant portion of farmers reported utilizing financial services from microfinance companies and informal credit sources. Thus, challenges identified include limited access to financial resources, inadequate financial management skills, loan dependency worsened by misalignment with agricultural cycles, leaving farmers more susceptible. Farmers cope by relying on loans and credits sought after microfinance companies and informal financial providers, alternative income sources, and crop insurance. The study suggests a financial inclusion program to give farmers in rural areas better access to an affordable and quality financial services along with policies supporting sustainable agricultural practices and continuous financial education emphasizing practical approach

Bantay Kaisipan: Mental Health Programs for Police Officers in a Highly Urbanized City

The mental health and well-being of police officers are critical yet often overlooked aspects of law enforcement. This study aims to assess the implementation of the Bantay Kaisipan Program within the Philippine National Police (PNP) in a highly urbanized city. The study addresses the importance of mental health programs in law enforcement, aiming to enhance officers' well-being and operational effectiveness. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gather comprehensive data. Findings indicate that while there is moderate-high awareness and satisfactory implementation of the program, significant challenges persist, such as stigma, workload, and inadequate training and evaluation mechanisms. While the Bantay Kaisipan Program positively impacts mental health awareness and resilience, addressing the identified barriers is crucial for its success. This research fills a gap in the literature by providing insights into the practical challenges of implementing mental health programs in police settings. The study’s findings underscore the need for improved training, better logistical support, and enhanced evaluation processes to ensure the program's long-term effectiveness and sustainability

Role of Environmental Tax, Financial Development and Political Stability to Address the Renewable Energy Challenges: Empirical Study for MENA Region

The rise in economic growth and use of energy in developing countries are causing a big increase in the environmental pollution that harms the public health. So, this study is about the incline towards renewable energy in developing countries. It looks at how things like having more money, taxing pollution, and having a stable government can help these countries to use more renewable energy. We have compiled the data from approximately 21 MENA countries from 1990 to 2020 using GMM and CSARDL approaches. The results from CSARDL matched the results from GMM, which makes the findings reliable and strong. The long- term findings showed that although green invention and the use of renewable energy cut emissions, financial development raises carbon emissions. However, there was a notable variation in the emigrations mitigating impacts of both variables, with green invention having a lesser significance with emission mitigation. While the short-run outcome likewise yield parallel conclusions, the magnitude of their measure is comparatively lower. The finding report the incorporation of green technology and renewable energy with financial sector will be useful to counter the environmental consequences

Socio-Economic Inequalities and Implications for Drinking Water Supply Strategies in the Undeveloped Areas of the Town of Koudougou

This study analyses the dynamics of drinking water supply and economic inequalities in the non-parcelled areas of Koudougou, Burkina Faso. Using a mixed method, the study reveals that low-income households, which rely on community water points, incur high costs, travel long distances and face significant health risks linked to water quality. Wealthier households, on the other hand, enjoy more regular and secure access to drinking water thanks to their private installations. This disparity accentuates social inequalities, keeping vulnerable households in precarious situations

Diplomacy and Development: India-Bangladesh Relations in Modi Era

India-Bangladesh shares a deep historical, cultural, and economically multifaceted relationship that has evolved over the period. Since the Modi government has assumed the office in 2014, bilateral relations have witnessed a significant development in terms of trade, cooperation, and geopolitical engagements. Although, there has been continuity and change through the course of history with its cordial and strained relations. In overall, the bond between the two has been of comprehensive relationship based on cooperation and collaboration till the oust of Bangladesh Prime minister Sheikh Hasina. It is in this light the present study seeks to analyse the bilateral relations between the two nations in terms of geopolitical and economic development. Also, would like to answer briefly the issue and challenges in recent times

An Empirical Study on the Impact of Shadow Banking of Real Estate Enterprises on Debt Default Risk

As a pillar industry in China, the real estate industry plays a crucial role in China's economic development. Of course, there are also many potential risks. Judging from the current situation, many real estate enterprises show the trend of shadow banking, and the scale is also expanding. The financial reports of some listed enterprises show that the total amount of entrusted financial management is as high as billions of yuan, which invisibly leads to the decentralized development of cash flow of enterprises, which is already tense, and creates many unfavorable factors for the real economy. However, under such obvious impact, why do a large number of real estate enterprises choose shadow banking, and what impact will it have on the debt default risk of enterprises? Under the above research background, this paper intends to explore the impact of shadow banking on the debt default risk of real estate enterprises, and at the same time, investigate the regulatory effect of enterprise leverage on the relationship between the above variables. It is hoped that through the empirical research in this paper, we can judge whether the shadow banking of real estate enterprises has exacerbated or alleviated the risk of debt default, understand the influence relationship between various variables through a detailed analysis of its theoretical transmission mechanism, and put forward policy recommendations for the implementation of the follow-up policies of the real estate industry in China

Manifestations of Ancient and Medieval Armenian Ornamentation in the Architecture of Armenia of the Soviet Period

The rich artistic and architectural heritage of Armenia, spanning ancient, medieval, and new periods, is renowned for its intricate ornamentation and symbolic motifs that reflect the nation’s cultural, religious, and historical identity. Throughout Armenia’s history, these ornamental traditions have been preserved and adapted from century to century, influencing various forms of artistic expression, including architecture. The ornamentation (ornamental patterns) and decoration (constructive elements) were widely used and occupied a large place in Soviet-Armenian architecture, having an important stylistic, compositional, and epistemological-cognitive value and significance. Therefore, the study of the ornamentation and individual architectural details that play an important role in the artistic expression of Armenian architectural structures of the Soviet period is noteworthy, especially since Soviet-Armenian architecture was the creative forge of the revival of Armenian national architecture, one of the important features of which is the unveiling of its aesthetic issues. Thus, presented article explores the manifestations of Armenian ornamentation within the architectural landscape of the Soviet period in Armenia. It examines how traditional Armenian decorative motifs were integrated, adapted, or transformed in Soviet-era architecture, reflecting a subtle relationship between national cultural identity and Soviet ideological influences. Through presentation and analysis of different architectural examples and ornamental patterns, this article highlights the persistence and evolution of Armenian architectural heritage amid socio-political shifts, offering insights into the cultural resilience and identity expression during Soviet era (1920-1990s)