New light on old fingermarks: The detection of historic latent fingermarks on old paper documents using 1,2-indanedione/zinc

This study explores trends in the effectiveness of 1,2-indandione/zinc chloride (IND/Zn) for visualizing latent fingermarks on paper substrates of various ages. Preliminary investigation of contemporaneous documents showed that high quality fingermarks could be deposited through incidental handling, although smudging and overlapping were evident. IND/Zn was then applied to incidentally handled documents up to 80 years old and successfully developed potentially identifiable fingermarks, significantly increasing the established timescale for fingermark detection with amino acid sensitive reagents. The results indicate that IND/Zn remains effective over longer periods than has been previously demonstrated, although a comparison between documents of different ages suggest that progressive diffusion of the target amino acids occurs over time, affecting the proportion of potentially identifiable marks. The findings of this study reinforce the applicability of IND/Zn for the detection of historic latent fingermarks on old paper documents

Single chain fragment variable antibody approaches to dengue control

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Monitoring compositional changes of the lipid fraction of fingermark residues deposited on paper during storage

Characterising the changes in fingermark composition as a function of time is of great value for improving fingermark detection capabilities by understanding the processes and circumstances under which target compounds become degraded. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to monitor relative changes in the lipids from latent fingermarks over 28 days. Principal component analysis of the relative composition of 15 lipids in fingermarks showed that fingermark age was a significant contributor to the variability observed in the data, but that inter-donor variability was also significant. This was attributed principally to changes in the relative amounts of squalene, which rapidly decreased in the fingermarks. It was also observed, however, that most fingermarks exhibited relatively small changes in composition during the first seven days, followed by more rapid changes up to 28 days. Significant inter-donor variation of both initial fingermark composition and the rates and nature of loss processes was observed, which was reflected in the relative projection of samples from different donors. Finally, samples stored with no exposure to light or airflow for 28 days were projected significantly closer to the samples analysed on the day of deposition than those exposed to light, due to the reduced photodegradation rate of squalene