Gender Dimensions of User Fees:Implications For Women's Utilization of Health Care

This paper looks at the implications of user fees for women’s utilization of health care services, based on selected studies in Africa. Lack of access to resources and inequitable decision-making power mean that when poor women face out-of-pocket costs such as user fees when seeking health care, the cost of care may become out of reach. Even though many poor women may be exempt from fees, there is little incentive for providers to apply exemptions, as they too are constrained by restrictive economic and health service conditions. If user fees and other out-of-pocket costs are to be retained in resource-poor settings, there is a need to demonstrate how they can be successfully and equitably implemented. The lack of hard evidence on the impact of user fees on women’s health outcomes and reproductive health service utilization reminds us of the urgent need to examine how women cope with health care costs and what trade-offs they make in order to pay for health care. Such studies need to collect gender-disaggregated data in relation to women’s health service utilization and in relation to the range of reproductive health services, taking into account not only out-of-pocket fees charged by public health providers but also by private and traditional providers

A Gendered Approach to Security and Violence in Refugee Camps

The purpose of this research is to explore the connection between the lack of security and increase of gender based violence in refugee camps. There are several factors that contribute to insecurity in refugee camps including but not limited to overcrowding, inadequate supplies of food and fuel sources, inadequate, ineffective, and under staffing and the physical layouts of camps. Many of these factors are the causes of the others and vice versa as well as have other consequences for refugees. All of these factors contribute to violence against refugees directly and indirectly. Furthermore, my research will illustrate how these factors also impede other refugee rights and exacerbate the challenges refugees face daily. Current international policies and law often conflict with national policies and law that are put in place to protect refugees. Both are cited to ensure refugee rights and protection but often do the opposite and instead protect the interests of the state. Attempts to create solutions to many of the issues in refugee camps or address the impacts of them have been made by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), the international community, and NGOs, however they have been widely ineffective or not considered all aspects of the problem

Hurdles to the Court: The Doctrine of Standing under Statutory Violations

Standing is a precondition for any suit brought in federal court. This Commentary analyzes a Supreme Court case, Spokeo, Inc. v. Robins, which will address whether a violation of a federal statute grants a plaintiff standing to sue. The Author argues that such a violation is sufficient for establishing standing because the plaintiff suffered an injury-in-fact which the legisture intended to prevent. That harm is both traceable to the violation and redressible by statute. Thus, the requisite elements of constitutional standing exist in this case. Such a holding follows from existing standing jurisprudence and ensures that plaintiffs can have their day in court

Semester at Sea

STEP Category: Education AbroadFor my STEP Signature Project, I went abroad with the program Semester at Sea, an organization that allows students to travel from country to country, on a ship, while also taking classes when on board. For the semester of fall 2019 I had the chance to explore 12 different countries across 4 different continents. It was a life changing experience that allowed me to learn more about cultures and ways of life across the globe.The Ohio State University Second-year Transformational Experience Program (STEP)Academic Major: Marketin

Is Claims Trading a Risk or an Art?: The Evolution of the Claims Trading Markets Since KB Toys and Enron

Speculating on bad debt dates back to the 1790’s when investors purchased claims against the original thirteen colonies. While claims trading has become more streamlined, complex bankruptcies have elevated the financial risk of engaging in the process. Nonetheless, claims trading is undoubtedly a lucrative market, especially for those who are willing to master the art and take on the risk. The bankruptcy trustee’s avoiding powers have a tremendous impact on the claims trading market. In many of these cases the claim would have been disallowed in the hands in the hands of the original claimant, pursuant to the Trustee’s power to avoid preferential transfers and fraudulent conveyances. However, courts have been unclear whether claims that would have been disallowed in the hands of the transferor should also be disallowed in the hands of the subsequent transferee. A claim transferee’s worst nightmare is investing money in purchasing a claim and then finding the claim to be disallowed, leaving them with zero payment on their investment. KB Toys and Enron have created both clarity and confusion for claim traders

Nonlinear rheology of dense colloidal systems with short-ranged attraction: A mode-coupling theory analysis

The nonlinear rheology of glass-forming colloidal suspensions with short-ranged attractions is discussed within the integration-through transients framework combined with the mode-coupling theory of the glass transition (ITT-MCT). Calculations are based on the square-well system (SWS), as a model for colloid-polymer mixtures. The high-density regime featuring reentrant melting of the glass upon increasing the attraction strength, and the crossover from repulsive glasses formed at weak attraction to attractive glasses formed at strong attraction, are discussed. Flow curves are found in qualitative agreement with experimental data, featuring a strong increase in the yield stress, and, for suitable interaction parameters, the crossover between two yield stresses. The yield strain, defined as the position of the stress overshoot under startup flow, is found to be proportional to the attraction range for strong attraction. At weak and intermediate attraction strength, the combined effects of hard-core caging and attraction-driven bonding result in a richer dependence on the parameters. The first normal-stress difference exhibits a weaker dependence on short-ranged attractions as the shear stress, since the latter is more sensitive the short-wavelength features of the static structure.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figure