APPLICATION OF CHOSEN NORMALIZATION METHODS IN THE PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTION OF SYNTHETIC MASURURE IN INDIRECT CONSUMPTION RESEARCH

The main purpose of this paper is to find the most effective method for the normalization of a final set of diagnostic variables for indirect consumption research with the use of synthetic consumption measures. The chosen normalization methods (standardization, unitarization and ratio transformation) were analyzed, both in the classical and the order approaches, with the use of different methods for multidimensional median vector construction (border and Weber median). Implementation of the multidimensional median construction is very important in the case of research objects with atypical characteristics of diagnostic variables (a separate analysis of Warsaw from the Mazowieckie Voivodeship). This kind of research units can cause asymmetry in empirical distribution of diagnostic variables which has a significant impact on the result of the linear order set of research objects. Additionally, implementation of the Weber median allows for considering the interactions in a set of diagnostic variables, which is crucial from the point of view of economic analysis

Economic growth as the limiting factor for wildlife conservation

The concept of limiting factor includes the lack of welfare factors and the presence of decimating factors. Originally applied to populations and species, the concept may also be applied to wildlife in the aggregate. Because the decimating factor of economic growth eliminates welfare factors for virtually all imperiled species via the principle of competitive exclusion, economic growth may be classified as the limiting factor for wildlife conservation. The wildlife profession has been virtually silent about this limiting factor, suggesting that the profession has been laboring in futility. The public, exhorted by neoclassical economists and political leaders, supports economic growth as a national goal. To address the limiting factor for wildlife conservation, wildlife professionals need to become versed in the history of economic growth theory, neoclassical economic growth theory, and the alternative growth paradigm provided by ecological economics. The Wildlife Society should lead the natural resources professions in developing a position on economic growth.carrying capacity; competitive exclusion; ecological economics; economic growth; limiting factor; neoclassical economics; niche breadth; steady state economy

Holographic Entropy Cone with Time Dependence in Two Dimensions

In holographic duality, if a boundary state has a geometric description that realizes the Ryu-Takayanagi proposal then its entanglement entropies must obey certain inequalities that together define the so-called holographic entropy cone. A large family of such inequalities have been proven under the assumption that the bulk geometry is static, using a method involving contraction maps. By using kinematic space techniques, we show that in two boundary (three bulk) dimensions, all entropy inequalities that can be proven in the static case by contraction maps must also hold in holographic states with time dependence.Comment: 37 pages, 10 figure

Unintegrated parton distributions and pion production in pp collisions at RHIC's energies

We compare results of $2 \to 1$ $k_t$-factorization approach with Kwieci\'nski unintegrated parton distributions and the standard collinear factorization approach at RHIC and slightly smaller energies. Our approach contains only one free parameter responsible for internal parton motion in nucleons. In contrast to recent works in the literature our $k_t$-factorization approach includes also quark degrees of freedom in addition to purely gluonic terms. Both mid and forward rapidity regions are considered. We discuss uncertainties due to fragmentation functions. In general, the $k_t$-factorization approach gives a better description of the $p_t \sim$ 1 -- 4 GeV region both at mid and forward rapidity regions. Our approach leads to asymmetry in the production of $\pi^+$ and $\pi^-$, very similar to the one observed very recently by the BRAHMS collaboration.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figure