Efeitos da inoculação micorrízica em mudas de gravioleira em solo fumigado e não fumigado

An experimental trial was carried out under greenhouse conditions to evaluate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on Annona muricata L. (soursop) seedlings, in a fumigated and not fumigated Yellow Alic Latosol. Mycorrhizal inoculation was done during the transplanting of seedlings. Plant growth and nutrient concentration and content were evaluated five months later. Inoculation increased significantly the growth of soursop in fumigated soil and the increment was greatest in the treatments of Scutellospora heterogama and Gigaspora margarita. The inoculation efficiency in fumigated soil varied from 594% to 1,348%. Although the effect of inoculation was much lower in not fumigated soil, treatments with G. margarita, Entrophospora colombiana and Gigaspora sp. still increased significantly plant growth. A 61% inoculation efficiency was obtained with G. margarita while. S. heterogama was not efficient for soursop. In fumigated soil G. margarita and Gigaspora sp. caused the highest percentage of root colonization whereas in not fumigated soil, no significant differences were observed among inoculation treatments. Concentration and content of nutrients varied among treatments. Soursop is a mycorrhizal dependent plant and the inoculation of the specie G. margarita increases the growth of soursop seedlings in fumigated and not fumigated soil.Foi realizado um experimento em casa de vegetação para avaliar os efeitos da inoculação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) sobre o crescimento e nutrição de mudas de gravioleira (Annona muricata L.) em Latossolo Amarelo álico, fumigado e não fumigado. A inoculação foi feita durante o transplante; após cinco meses foram avaliados o crescimento e a absorção de nutrientes das mudas. A inoculação aumentou significativamente o crescimento da gravioleira no solo fumigado; o maior incremento foi observado nos tratamentos com Scutellospora heterogama e Gigaspora margarita. A eficiência da inoculação no solo fumigado variou de 594% a 1.348%. Embora o efeito da inoculação tenha sido reduzido no solo não fumigado, G. margarita, Entrophospora colombiana e Gigaspora sp. aumentaram significativamente o crescimento das mudas, e a eficiência da inoculação de 61% foi obtida com G. margarita; S. heterogama não se mostrou eficiente. No solo fumigado, G. margarita e Gigaspora sp. promoveram maior porcentagem de colonização radicular; no entanto, a colonização radicular não diferiu entre tratamentos com inoculação no solo não fumigado. Os teores e conteúdos de nutrientes variaram entre os tratamentos. A gravioleira é uma planta responsiva a FMAs, e a inoculação da espécie G. margarita beneficia o desenvolvimento das mudas de gravioleira nos solos fumigado e não fumigado

Design of a tool capable of assessing environmental sociocultural physical factors influencing women\u27s decisions on when and where to toilet within real-world settings: Protocol for the build and usability testing of a mobile app for use by community-dwelling women

BACKGROUND: Although surveys and apps are available for women to report urination and bladder symptoms, they do not include their decisions regarding toileting. Real-world factors can interfere with toileting decisions, which may then influence bladder health. This premise lacks data per want of a robust data collection tool. OBJECTIVE: The Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) research consortium engaged a transdisciplinary team to build and test WhereIGo, a mobile data collection app for Android and iOS. The design goal was a comprehensive reporting system for capturing environmental, sociocultural, and physical factors that influence women\u27s decisions for toileting. Aims include having (1) an innovative feature for reporting physiologic urge sensation when thinking about my bladder and shortly before I just peed, (2) real-time reporting along with short look-back opportunities, and (3) ease of use anywhere. METHODS: The development team included a plain language specialist, a usability specialist, creative designers, programming experts, and PLUS scientific content experts. Both real-time and ecological momentary assessments were used to comprehensively capture influences on toileting decisions including perceived access to toileting, degree of busyness or stress or focus, beverage intake amount, urge degree, or a leakage event. The restriction on the maximal number of taps for any screen was six. PLUS consortium investigators did pilot-testing. Formal usability testing relied on the recruitment of community-dwelling women at four PLUS research sites. Women used the app for 2 consecutive days. Outcome measures were the system usability scale (SUS; 0-100 range) and the functional Mobile Application Rating Scale (1-5 range). These scales were embedded at the end of the app. The estimated a priori sample size needed, considering the SUS cut point score set at ≥74, was 40 women completing the study. RESULTS: Funding was provided by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases since July 2015. The integrity of the build process was documented through multiple 5-minute videos presented to PLUS Consortium and through WhereIGo screenshots of the final product. Participants included 44 women, with 41 (93%) completing data collection. Participants ranged in age from 21 to 85 years, were predominantly non-Hispanic White (n=25, 57%), college-educated (n=25, 57%), and with incomes below US $75,000 (n=27, 62%). The SUS score was 78.0 (SE 1.7), which was higher than 75% of the 500 products tested by the SUS developers. The mean functional Mobile Application Rating Scale score was 4.4 (SE 0.08). The build and informal acceptability testing were completed in 2019, enrollment for formal usability testing completed by June 2020, and analysis was completed in 2022. CONCLUSIONS: WhereIGo is a novel app with good usability for women to report toileting decisions, urination, and fluid intake. Future research using the app could test the influence of real-time factors on bladder health. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR1-10.2196/54046

Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and of Azotobacter paspali in Paspalum notatum

A ocorrência de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) e de Azotobacter paspali em Paspalum notatum cv. Batatais e a associação desta bactéria diazotrófica com os esporos dos FMAs nativos do solo foram verificadas em amostras de solo e planta coletadas em quatro áreas de gramado, localizadas no município de Itaguaí, RJ, câmpus da UFRRJ e Embrapa-CNPAB. A. paspali foi encontrada em solo rizosférico, e em rizomas, raízes e folhas de P. notatum cv. Batatais; a face inferior das folhas apresentou maior ocorrência de A. paspali; foram observadas altas porcentagens de colonização micorrízica e de densidade de esporos, com predominância do gênero Glomus; A. paspali não ocorreu na superfície ou dentro dos esporos de FMA.Occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and Azotobacter paspali in Paspalum notatum cv. Batatais and the association of this diazotrophic bacterium with indigenous AMF spores were verified in soil and plant samples collected in four different lawn areas, at the campus of UFRRJ and Embrapa-CNPAB, in the county of Itaguaí, RJ, Brazil. A. paspali was isolated from rhizosphere soil, rhizome, roots and leaves of P. notatum cv. Batatais; underleaf surface showed the greatest occurrence of A. paspali; high root colonization rate and spore density of AMF were found in root and soil samples of P. notatum, with predominance of the genus Glomus; A. paspali was not found neither inside nor on the surface of the AMF spores

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Towards a global partnership model in interprofessional education for cross-sector problem-solving

Objectives A partnership model in interprofessional education (IPE) is important in promoting a sense of global citizenship while preparing students for cross-sector problem-solving. However, the literature remains scant in providing useful guidance for the development of an IPE programme co-implemented by external partners. In this pioneering study, we describe the processes of forging global partnerships in co-implementing IPE and evaluate the programme in light of the preliminary data available. Methods This study is generally quantitative. We collected data from a total of 747 health and social care students from four higher education institutions. We utilized a descriptive narrative format and a quantitative design to present our experiences of running IPE with external partners and performed independent t-tests and analysis of variance to examine pretest and posttest mean differences in students’ data. Results We identified factors in establishing a cross-institutional IPE programme. These factors include complementarity of expertise, mutual benefits, internet connectivity, interactivity of design, and time difference. We found significant pretest–posttest differences in students’ readiness for interprofessional learning (teamwork and collaboration, positive professional identity, roles, and responsibilities). We also found a significant decrease in students’ social interaction anxiety after the IPE simulation. Conclusions The narrative of our experiences described in this manuscript could be considered by higher education institutions seeking to forge meaningful external partnerships in their effort to establish interprofessional global health education

Rare and low-frequency coding variants alter human adult height

Height is a highly heritable, classic polygenic trait with ~700 common associated variants identified so far through genome - wide association studies . Here , we report 83 height - associated coding variants with lower minor allele frequenc ies ( range of 0.1 - 4.8% ) and effects of up to 2 16 cm /allele ( e.g. in IHH , STC2 , AR and CRISPLD2 ) , >10 times the average effect of common variants . In functional follow - up studies, rare height - increasing alleles of STC2 (+1 - 2 cm/allele) compromise d proteolytic inhibition of PAPP - A and increased cleavage of IGFBP - 4 in vitro , resulting in higher bioavailability of insulin - like growth factors . The se 83 height - associated variants overlap genes mutated in monogenic growth disorders and highlight new biological candidates ( e.g. ADAMTS3, IL11RA, NOX4 ) and pathways ( e.g . proteoglycan/ glycosaminoglycan synthesis ) involved in growth . Our results demonstrate that sufficiently large sample sizes can uncover rare and low - frequency variants of moderate to large effect associated with polygenic human phenotypes , and that these variants implicate relevant genes and pathways

The trans-ancestral genomic architecture of glycemic traits

Glycemic traits are used to diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic health. To date, most genetic studies of glycemic traits have focused on individuals of European ancestry. Here we aggregated genome-wide association studies comprising up to 281,416 individuals without diabetes (30% non-European ancestry) for whom fasting glucose, 2-h glucose after an oral glucose challenge, glycated hemoglobin and fasting insulin data were available. Trans-ancestry and single-ancestry meta-analyses identified 242 loci (99 novel; P < 5 x 10(-8)), 80% of which had no significant evidence of between-ancestry heterogeneity. Analyses restricted to individuals of European ancestry with equivalent sample size would have led to 24 fewer new loci. Compared with single-ancestry analyses, equivalent-sized trans-ancestry fine-mapping reduced the number of estimated variants in 99% credible sets by a median of 37.5%. Genomic-feature, gene-expression and gene-set analyses revealed distinct biological signatures for each trait, highlighting different underlying biological pathways. Our results increase our understanding of diabetes pathophysiology by using trans-ancestry studies for improved power and resolution. A trans-ancestry meta-analysis of GWAS of glycemic traits in up to 281,416 individuals identifies 99 novel loci, of which one quarter was found due to the multi-ancestry approach, which also improves fine-mapping of credible variant sets.Peer reviewe

New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

Global wealth disparities drive adherence to COVID-safe pathways in head and neck cancer surgery

Peer reviewe