Creative destruction in science

Drawing on the concept of a gale of creative destruction in a capitalistic economy, we argue that initiatives to assess the robustness of findings in the organizational literature should aim to simultaneously test competing ideas operating in the same theoretical space. In other words, replication efforts should seek not just to support or question the original findings, but also to replace them with revised, stronger theories with greater explanatory power. Achieving this will typically require adding new measures, conditions, and subject populations to research designs, in order to carry out conceptual tests of multiple theories in addition to directly replicating the original findings. To illustrate the value of the creative destruction approach for theory pruning in organizational scholarship, we describe recent replication initiatives re-examining culture and work morality, working parents\u2019 reasoning about day care options, and gender discrimination in hiring decisions. Significance statement It is becoming increasingly clear that many, if not most, published research findings across scientific fields are not readily replicable when the same method is repeated. Although extremely valuable, failed replications risk leaving a theoretical void\u2014 reducing confidence the original theoretical prediction is true, but not replacing it with positive evidence in favor of an alternative theory. We introduce the creative destruction approach to replication, which combines theory pruning methods from the field of management with emerging best practices from the open science movement, with the aim of making replications as generative as possible. In effect, we advocate for a Replication 2.0 movement in which the goal shifts from checking on the reliability of past findings to actively engaging in competitive theory testing and theory building. Scientific transparency statement The materials, code, and data for this article are posted publicly on the Open Science Framework, with links provided in the article

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Measurement of two- and three-nucleon short-range correlation probabilities in nuclei

The ratios of inclusive electron scattering cross sections of 4He, 12C, and 56Fe to 3He have been measured at 1 \u3c xB \u3c. At Q2 \u3e 1.4 GeV2, the ratios exhibit two separate plateaus, at 1.5 \u3c xB \u3c 2 and at xB \u3e 2.25. This pattern is predicted by models that include 2- and 3-nucleon short-range correlations (SRC). Relative to A = 3, the per-nucleon probabilities of 3-nucleon SRC are 2.3, 3.1, and 4.4 times larger for A = 4, 12, and 56. This is the first measurement of 3-nucleon SRC probabilities in nuclei

SEPARATED STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS FOR THE EXCLUSIVE ELECTROPRODUCTION OF K+ LAMBDA AND K+ SIGMA0 FINAL STATES

We report measurements of the exclusive electroproduction of K+Lambda and K+Sigma(0) final states from a proton target using the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) large-acceptance spectrometer (CLAS) detector at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. The separated structure functions sigma(T),sigma(L),sigma(TT), and sigma(LT) were extracted from the Phi- and epsilon-dependent differential cross sections taken with electron beam energies of 2.567, 4.056, and 4.247 GeV. This analysis represents the first sigma(L)/sigma(T) separation with the CLAS detector, and the first measurement of the kaon electroproduction structure functions away from parallel kinematics. The data span a broad range of momentum transfers from 0.5 <= Q(2) <= 2.8 GeV2 and invariant energy from 1.6 <= W <= 2.4 GeV, while spanning nearly the full center-of-mass angular range of the kaon. The separated structure functions reveal clear differences between the production dynamics for the Lambda and Sigma(0) hyperons. These results provide an unprecedented data sample with which to constrain current and future models for the associated production of strangeness, which will allow for a better understanding of the underlying resonant and nonresonant contributions to hyperon production