Relação do fumo com aspectos clinicos, radiograficos, morfometricos e imuno-histoquimicos do periodonto

Orientador: Antonio Fernando Martorelli de LimaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: As características clínicas, radiográficas, morfométricas e imuno-histoquímicas, bem como, a diminuição dos sinais inflamatórios, a maior prevalência e severidade da doença e as interferências no processo de cura decorrentes dos efeitos do fumo sobre o periodonto são essenciais para estabelecer o diagnóstico e definir a terapia adequada. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a profundidade de sondagem, a posição da crista óssea alveolar e a densidade ótica radiográfica, e quantificar as células inflamatórias e a espessura epitelial, em pacientes fumantes e não fumantes com gengiva clinicamente saudável ou gengivite. Nossos resultados mostraram aumento na espessura da base epitelial e na profundidade de sondagem nos pacientes fumantes, principalmente naqueles com gengivite. Entretanto, não houve diferença estatística significativa no número de células inflamatórias presentes na gengiva marginal, na densidade ótica e na posição da crista óssea alveolar entre pacientes fumantes e não fumantes, independente do estado clínico de saúde. Esses resultados sugerem a necessidade de estudos futuros com populações adultas usuárias de tabaco para a melhor compreensão da influência do fumo na patogênese da doença periodontalAbstract: The clinic, radiographic, morphometric and immunohistochemical characteristics of the periodontal tissues as well as higher prevalence and severity of the periodontal disease in smokers are essential for its diagnosis and therapy definition. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the probing depth, the position and the optical density of the alveolar bone crest and quantify the inflammatory cells and the epithelial thickness in smoker and non-smoker patients having clinical heath gingiva or gingivitis. Results, in the present study showed a thicker oral epithelium of the marginal gingival oral epithelium and a deeper probing depth in smokers, especially in those presenting gingivitis. However, there were no statistic difference among the number of inflammatory cells presents in the marginal gingiva, the optical density and position of alveolar bone crest in smokers and non-smokers, regardless of their clinical health status. In conclusion further investigation, using pacients who have been smoking for a longer period of time is necessary for a better understand of the smoking influence on the pathogeneses of periodontal diseaseMestradoPeriodontiaMestre em Clínica Odontológic

Influências do fumo sobre a espessura do epitélio oral da gengiva marginal

Smoking patients show reduction of inflammatory clinical signs that might be associated with local vasoconstriction and an increased gingival epithelial thickness. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the thickness of the marginal gingival oral epithelium in smokers and non-smokers, with clinically healthy gingivae or with gingivitis. Twenty biopsies were obtained from four different groups. Group I: non-smokers with clinically healthy gingivae (n = 5). Group II: non-smokers with gingivitis (n = 5). Group III: smokers with clinically healthy gingivae (n = 5). Group IV: smokers with gingivitis (n = 5). These biopsies were histologically processed, serially sectioned at 5 mm, stained with H. E., and examined by image analysis software (KS400), which was used to perform the morphometric evaluation and the quantification of the major epithelial thickness, the epithelial base thickness and the external and internal epithelial perimeters. Differences between the four groups were analyzed using ANOVA test and Tukey's test. The criteria for statistical significance were accepted at the probability level p < 0.05. A greater epithelial thickness was observed in smokers independent of the gingival health situation.Pacientes fumantes freqüentemente apresentam redução dos sinais clínicos inflamatórios da gengivite, associada, em grande parte, a vasoconstrição local e aumento da espessura epitelial. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a espessura do epitélio oral da gengiva marginal de pacientes fumantes e não fumantes, nos estados de saúde gengival e gengivite. Foram obtidos vinte fragmentos de tecido gengival de quatro grupos de pacientes. Grupo I: não fumantes com saúde gengival (n = 5). Grupo II: não fumantes com gengivite (n = 5). Grupo III: fumantes com saúde gengival (n = 5). Grupo IV: fumantes com gengivite (n = 5). As biópsias receberam processamento histológico de rotina, e os cortes semi-seriados com 5 mm de espessura foram corados com H. E. Com auxílio do sistema de imagens KS400 foram quantificadas a espessura epitelial maior e a espessura da base epitelial e determinados os valores dos perímetros epiteliais externo e interno. Os dados foram avaliados pelo ANOVA e pelo teste de Tukey, considerando significativo o valor de a = 0,05. Os resultados mostraram valores da espessura da base epitelial maior (p < 0,05) nos pacientes fumantes, independentemente do estado de saúde gengival

Periodontal diseases: is it possible to prevent them? A populational and individual approach

Periodontal diseases are infectious inflammatory chronic diseases of a multifactorial nature. They are primarily caused by dysbiotic ecological changes in dental biofilm, which may be influenced by risk factors. The prevention of periodontal diseases may involve different strategies focused on reducing distal, intermediate, and proximal risk factors at both the population and individual levels. Effective prevention depends on interdisciplinary and common risk factor approaches. Also, patient-centered preventive models are more effective than professional-centered models in the management of periodontal diseases. Regular and periodic control of dental biofilm is an essential measure for the different levels of prevention of periodontal diseases. The effectiveness of periodontal disease prevention largely depends on positive modifications of behavior, knowledge, health literacy, patient empowerment, motivation, and compliance.publishedVersio

Validação de metodologia analítica para a determinação de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos em solução

Este trabalho apresenta a validação da metodologia analítica para determinação de dezesseis hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos em solução. A técnica de CG/EM combinada com o princípio de diluição isotópica foi usada para melhor exatidão e precisão dos resultados. Foram determinados parâmetros de desempenho do método e os resultados encontrados foram satisfatórios

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Understanding the relation between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and adverse fetal, infant and child outcomes: a protocol for a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis of longitudinal studies of pregnant women and their infants and children

IntroductionZika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy is a known cause of microcephaly and other congenital and developmental anomalies. In the absence of a ZIKV vaccine or prophylactics, principal investigators (PIs) and international leaders in ZIKV research have formed the ZIKV Individual Participant Data (IPD) Consortium to identify, collect and synthesise IPD from longitudinal studies of pregnant women that measure ZIKV infection during pregnancy and fetal, infant or child outcomes.Methods and analysisWe will identify eligible studies through the ZIKV IPD Consortium membership and a systematic review and invite study PIs to participate in the IPD meta-analysis (IPD-MA). We will use the combined dataset to estimate the relative and absolute risk of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), including microcephaly and late symptomatic congenital infections; identify and explore sources of heterogeneity in those estimates and develop and validate a risk prediction model to identify the pregnancies at the highest risk of CZS or adverse developmental outcomes. The variable accuracy of diagnostic assays and differences in exposure and outcome definitions means that included studies will have a higher level of systematic variability, a component of measurement error, than an IPD-MA of studies of an established pathogen. We will use expert testimony, existing internal and external diagnostic accuracy validation studies and laboratory external quality assessments to inform the distribution of measurement error in our models. We will apply both Bayesian and frequentist methods to directly account for these and other sources of uncertainty.Ethics and disseminationThe IPD-MA was deemed exempt from ethical review. We will convene a group of patient advocates to evaluate the ethical implications and utility of the risk stratification tool. Findings from these analyses will be shared via national and international conferences and through publication in open access, peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberPROSPERO International prospective register of systematic reviews (CRD42017068915).</jats:sec