Spanish normative data of the Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire in a general population sample

The Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ), a tool designed to measure the alternative five-factor model of personality, was translated and adapted into the Spanish language. To date, there appears to be no normative data for the ZKPQ in general population samples in any culture. The aim of this study was to obtain Spanish normative data for the scales and subscales in a community sample of the general population. The questionnaire was administered to 1,678 participants of both genders (55.8 % females) with ages ranging from 18 to 93 years. The magnitude of the sample, as well as an adequate representativity of both genders and the wide age range being considered, provides a satisfactory description of each scale and subscale of this instrument. The normative data obtained showed a normal distribution of the scales. The norms (means and standard deviations) are presented by gender and five age ranges and are adjusted according to the level of education attained. Gender differences are in accordance with data obtained with instruments measuring similar personality traits. This is the first time the normative data of the ZKPQ is reported in a general community sample in any cultureEl Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ), un instrumento diseñado para la evaluación del modelo alternativo de los cinco factores de personalidad, ha sido traducido y adaptado a la lengua española. Hasta la fecha, no existen datos normativos en población general en ninguna cultura. El objetivo del presente estudio fue obtener datos normativos españoles de las escalas y subescalas en una muestra de la población general. El cuestionario fue administrado a 1.678 participantes de ambos géneros (55.8 % mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y 93 años. La magnitud de la muestra, así como una adecuada representatividad de ambos géneros y el amplio rango de edad considerado, proporcionan una descripción satisfactoria de cada escala y subescala de dicho instrumento. Los datos normativos obtenidos mostraron una distribución normal de las escalas. Las medias y desviaciones estándar son presentadas por género y cinco rangos de edad, y ajustadas por el nivel de educación alcanzado. Las diferencias de género van en la misma dirección que las obtenidas con instrumentos que evalúan rasgos de personalidad similar. Esta es la primera vez que se refieren datos normativos del ZKPQ en una muestra de población genera

Personalidad y conducta delictiva autoinformada en adultos jóvenes

La teoría de personalidad de H. J. Eysenck (1964) respecto a la conducta antisocial predice que entre la población reclusa se hallaría una determinada combinación de las dimensiones básicas de personalidad, consistente en puntuaciones elevadas en Extraversión, Neuroticismo y Psicoticismo. Estudios posteriores parecían indicar que las predicciones únicamente se cumplían para la dimensión P, cuestionando la relación con E y N. La finalidad de este estudio consiste en analizar la relación entre personalidad evaluada mediante el EPQ, la Escala Búsqueda de Sensaciones y la conducta delictiva autoinformada en adultos jóvenes de ambos sexos, corrigiendo algunas limitaciones metodológicas de los estudios anteriores. Así, se seleccionaron tres grupos de sujetos con distinto grado de conducta antisocial: estudiantes universitarios (n= 172) presumiblemente normativos; estudiantes pertenecientes a institutos conocidos por su conflictividad (n= 177), y sujetos reclusos (n= 87). Los resultados corroboran la teoría de Eysenck en cuanto a la relación entre conducta delictiva autoinformada y Psicoticismo. Con respecto a la dimensión Extraversión, dicha relación parece estar mejor estimada a partir del rasgo Búsqueda de Sensaciones y sus subescalas, que de la dimensión propiamente dicha. Finalmente, en cuanto al Neuroticismo, los resultados van en la dirección predicha aunque sólo en el grupo de sujetos varones alcanza valores superiores a 0.30H. J. Eysenck's (1964) personality theory predicts that the high Psychoticism, Neuroticism and Extraversion personality combination is over-represented in criminal populations. However, more recent studies have not provided unanimous support for this theory. The aim of this study is to test the relationship between personality assessed by the EPQ and the SSS, and Self-reported Delinquency in young adults of both sexes. The current study used an alternative design consisting of three groups of subjects of similar age with different degrees of antisocial behaviour: a normative group of undergraduates, a group of subjects from high schools with a high number of problem students, and a group of imprisoned youngsters. The results show a positive relationship between Self-reported Delinquency and Psychoticism. With regards to Extraversion, this dimension seems to be better estimated by a trait measure such as the Sensation Seeking Scale and its subscales. With respect to Neuroticism, it shows a positive relationship with Self-reported Delinquency although it only reached significance among male

Variables diferenciales de personalidad en los subtipos de TDAH en la edad adulta

Los síntomas del trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) y los rasgos de personalidad se manifiestan de forma relativamente estable y duradera desde la infancia y persisten a lo largo de la vida. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en identificar los rasgos de personalidad diferenciales y discriminativos entre los subtipos clínicos de TDAH en adultos. Se evaluaron las características de personalidad, mediante el Cuestionario de Personalidad de Zuckerman-Kuhlman (ZKPQ) y el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon-II (MCMI-II), en una muestra de 146 adultos diagnosticados de TDAH. Las dimensiones Activity y Aggression-Hostility del ZKPQ, permitieron clasificar correctamente al 75,8% de los diagnosticados en los subtipos inatento y combinado. Los resultados indican que el TDAH no es una entidad homogénea, sino que existen diferencias significativas en las características de personalidad entre los subtipos clínicos. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas sobre la conexión entre TDAH y personalidad, y las implicaciones clínicas respecto al diagnóstico y diseño de tratamientos mejor ajustados a las características de cada subtipoAttention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and personality traits are relatively stable from childhood and across life span. The purpose of this study was to identify differential and discriminative personality traits between clinical subtypes of ADHD in adults. The Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) and the Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory-II (MCMI-II) were administered to a sample of 146 adults with ADHD. Activity and Aggression-Hostility dimensions from the ZKPQ allowed us to properly classify 75.8% of the inattentive and combined subtypes. Data indicates that ADHD is not a homogeneous entity, but rather, there are significant differences in personality characteristics among clinical subtypes. The results have theoretical implications about the connection between ADHD and personality, and clinical implications regarding diagnosis and treatment designs better tailored to the characteristics of each subtyp

Social Representation of Dementia : An Analysis of 5,792 Consecutive Cases Evaluated in a Memory Clinic

Background: Different interpretations of cognitive impairment and dementia due to differences in health structures, such as cultural differences could affect the diagnosis and treatment of the condition. it is reasonable to expect that the social and family impact of the disease and coping strategies will differ among societies. Objective: The general aim of this study is to understand the social representations of dementia, its associated practices, and the effects they imply. Methods: People diagnosed with clinical dementia and their families were assessed from 2005 to 2015 in the memory clinic of the Fundació ACE, Institut Català de Neurociències Aplicades in Barcelona, Spain. Results: 9,898 people were examined and 5,792 were diagnosed with dementia. For those with a caregiver (71%), the decision-making fell on the person with dementia in 16.2% of the cases; and for those without a caregiver, in 26.4% of the cases the family did not perceive the deficits as a disease, which led to multiple risk situations (74.6%). Conclusions: The recognition of dementia as part of aging is common among families. Consequently, risk situations may arise and diagnosis and access to treatment may be delayed. The incorporation of a social appraisal to the diagnostic process is a necessity to evaluate these situations

Cognitive Composites Domain Scores Related to Neuroimaging Biomarkers within Probable-Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment-Storage Subtype

The probable-amnestic (Pr-a) mild cognitive impairment (MCI)-storage subtype is a phenotype with 8.5 times more risk of conversion to dementia, mainly Alzheimer's disease (AD), than the possible non-amnestic (Pss-na) MCI. The aim of this study was to find the optimized cognitive composites (CCs) domain scores most related to neuroimaging biomarkers within Pr-aMCI-storage subtype patients. The Fundació ACE (ACE) study with 20 Pr-aMCI-storage subtype subjects (MCI) were analyzed. All subjects underwent a neuropsychological assessment, a structural MRI, FDG-PET, and PIB-PET. The adjusted hippocampal volume (aHV) on MRI, the standard uptake value ratio (SUVR) on FDG-PET and PIB-PET SUVR measures were analyzed. The construction of the CCs domain scores, and the aHV on MRI and FDG-PET SUVR measures, were replicated in the parental AB255 study database (n = 133 MCI). Partial correlations adjusted by age, gender, and education were calculated with the associated p -value among every CC domain score and the neuroimaging biomarkers. The results were replicated in the "MCI due to AD" with memory storage impairments from ADNI. Delayed Recall CC domain score was significantly correlated with PIB-PET SUVR (β= -0.61, p = 0.003) in the ACE study and also with aHV on MRI (β= 0.27, p = 0.01) and FDG-PET SUVR (β= 0.27, p = 0.01) in the AB255 study. After a median survival time of 20.6 months, 85% from the ACE MCI converted to AD. The replication of our results in the ADNI dataset also confirmed our findings. Delayed Recall is the CC domain score best correlated with neuroimaging biomarkers associated with prodromal AD diagnosis

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

El Modelo Alternativo de los Cinco Grandes: estudios de fiabilidad y validez del Zuckerman-Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire (ZKPQ) en población general y clínica

El modelo de los Cinco Alternativos se constituye, bajo nuestra consideración, en un modelo consistente tanto desde un punto de vista teórico como empírico. Se trata de un modelo que inserta sus raíces teóricas en una tradición de estudio de la personalidad que se nutre de las aportaciones de Eysenck, de la psicobiología y, por supuesto, del enfoque factorialista. No obstante, no podemos dejar de señalar que el modelo de los Cinco Alternativos es un modelo que ha tenido poca difusión, con un asentamiento hoy en día todavía limitado, especialmente en comparación con modelos que gozan de una consolidación mayor en la bibliografía internacional como es el caso, por ejemplo, del NEO, el modelo de los Cinco Grandes de Costa y McCrae (1992). Parte del esfuerzo depositado en los estudios aquí recogidos reside en dar al modelo la difusión e importancia que a nuestro juicio le corresponde