Enhancement of fusion rates due to quantum effects in the particles momentum distribution in nonideal media

This study concerns a situation when measurements of the nonresonant cross-section of nuclear reactions appear highly dependent on the environment in which the particles interact. An appealing example discussed in the paper is the interaction of a deuteron beam with a target of deuterated metal Ta. In these experiments, the reaction cross section for d(d,p)t was shown to be orders of magnitude greater than what the conventional model predicts for the low-energy particles. In this paper we take into account the influence of quantum effects due to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle for particles in a non-ideal medium elastically interacting with the medium particles. In order to calculate the nuclear reaction rate in the non-ideal environment we apply both the Monte Carlo technique and approximate analytical calculation of the Feynman diagram using nonrelativistic kinetic Green's functions in the medium which correspond to the generalized energy and momentum distribution functions of interacting particles. We show a possibility to reduce the 12-fold integral corresponding to this diagram to a fivefold integral. This can significantly speed up the computation and control accuracy. Our calculations show that quantum effects significantly influence reaction rates such as p +7Be, 3He +4He, p +7Li, and 12C +12C. The new reaction rates may be much higher than the classical ones for the interior of the Sun and supernova stars. The possibility to observe the theoretical predictions under laboratory conditions is discussed

Клиническое значение лазерного конверсионного тестирования в диагностике и лечении хронического эндометрита

In article presents the identified characteristics of spectral characteristics of endometrium in normal and chronic adnexitis. Identifies opportunities and prospects of laser conversion diagnostics monitoring, efficiency treatment and rehabilitation of patients with chronic èndometritom.В статье представлены данные выявленных особенностей спектральных характеристик эндометрия в норме и при хроническом эндометрите. Определены возможности и перспективы использования лазерной конверсионной диагностики в мониторинге эффективности лечения и реабилитации больных хроническим эндометритом

Хирургическая коррекция опущения передней стенки влагалища и шейки матки при помощи сетчатых титановых имплантатов

Background: Regardless of a variety of surgical techniques and hi-tech materials for pelvic prolapse treatment, there is no decrease in the disease recurrences. Aims: Evaluation of the efficacy of the developed method of surgical correction of IIIV degree colpoptosis anterior combined with IIIII degree C-prolapse with the use of titanium mesh implants in reproductive, pre- and postmenopausal female patients. Methods: Female patients (group I, n = 25) with colpoptosis anterior and cervical prolapse were examined and operated on according to the developed know-how technique with the use of titanium mesh implants. Evaluation of the efficacy of surgical correction of the disease was performed using questioning, pelvic exam with Valsalva manoeuvre, transvaginal and transperineal ultrasound, pelvis MRI. The findings were compared with the result of surgical treatment of 46 (group II) and 32 (group III) female patients operated on without the use of titanium implants. After surgical treatment according to the three-stage surgical program that provides for multifocal fixation of anatomical formations with the use of titanium implants, the case follow-up was performed in 321 months. Results: Questioning the patients in group I demonstrated their satisfaction with the surgical treatment results that positively affected the quality of life, mood, and contributed to an increase in sexual activity and community commitment. Check-up showed that the surgical correction of prolapse was completely preserved in the patients of group I during 1821 months. Pelvic exam at rest and with Valsalva manoeuvre, transvaginal and transperineal ultrasound, pelvis MRI did not reveal any significant extrusion of the pelvic organs or titanium implants. No mesh-associated complications were observed during the follow-up. Recurrence of genital prolapse was diagnosed in 12 (26%) patients of group II, mesh-associated complications were detected in 6 (18.8%) women of group III. Conclusions: The preserving three-stage surgical program, developed by us, contributed to optimize the results of surgical treatment, decrease the rate of the disease recurrence, and reduce the risk of the development of mesh-associated complications.Обоснование. Несмотря на наличие разнообразных хирургических методик и высокотехнологичных материалов для лечения пролапса тазовых органов, количество рецидивов заболевания не снижается. Цель исследования ― оценка эффективности разработанного способа хирургической коррекции опущения передней стенки влагалища IIIV степени в сочетании с С-пролапсом IIIII степени при помощи титановых сетчатых имплантатов у пациенток репродуктивного, пре- и постменопаузального возраста. Методы. Обследованы и прооперированы по разработанной оригинальной методике с применением сетчатых титановых имплантатов пациентки (I группа, n = 25) с опущением передней стенки влагалища и шейки матки. Эффективность хирургической коррекции заболевания оценивали путем анкетирования с помощью валидированных опросников, гинекологического исследования с пробой Вальсальвы, трансвагинальной и трансперинеальной эхографии, магнитно-резонансной томографии (МРТ) малого таза. Полученные данные сравнивали с результатами оперативного лечения 46 (II группа) и 32 (III группа) пациенток, прооперированных без применения титановых имплантатов. Объем хирургического вмешательства у пациенток II группы ― передняя кольпорафия, III группы ― передний Prolift полипропиленовыми имплантатами. После оперативного лечения по разработанной трехэтапной хирургической программе, предусматривающей мультифокальную фиксацию анатомических структур при помощи титановых имплантатов, проводили динамическое наблюдение через 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 и 21 мес. Результаты. Анкетирование пациенток I группы показало удовлетворенность результатами оперативного лечения, что положительно отразилось на качестве жизни и настроении, способствовало повышению сексуальной и социальной активности. Комплексное клиническое обследование показало сохранение полной хирургической коррекции пролапса у пациенток I группы на протяжении 1821 мес наблюдения. При гинекологическом исследовании в покое и при пробе Вальсальвы, по данным трансвагинальной и трансперинеальной эхографии, МРТ, значимого смещения тазовых органов и титановых имплантатов не выявлено. Mesh-ассоциированные осложнения за время наблюдения отсутствовали. У 12 (26%) пациенток II группы диагностирован рецидив генитального пролапса, у 6 (18,8%) женщин III группы выявлены mesh-ассоциированные осложнения. Заключение. Разработанная нами органосберегающая трехэтапная хирургическая программа способствовала оптимизации результатов оперативного лечения, уменьшению частоты рецидивов заболевания, снижению риска развития mesh-ассоциированных осложнений

Mu suppression – a good measure of the human mirror neuron system?

Mu suppression has been proposed as a signature of the activity of the human mirror neuron system. However the mu frequency band (8-13 Hz) overlaps with the alpha frequency band, which is sensitive to attentional fluctuation, and thus mu suppression could potentially be confounded by changes in attentional engagement. The specific baseline against which mu suppression is assessed may be crucial, yet there is little consistency in how this is defined. We examined mu suppression in 61 typical adults, the largest mu suppression study so far conducted. We compared different methods of baselining, and examined activity at central and occipital electrodes, to both biological (hands) and non-biological (kaleidoscope) moving stimuli, to investigate the involvement of attention and alpha activity in mu suppression. We also examined changes in beta power, another candidate index of mirror neuron system engagement. We observed strong mu suppression restricted to central electrodes when participants performed hand movements, demonstrating that mu is indeed responsive to the activity of the motor cortex. However, when we looked for a similar signature of mu suppression to passively observed stimuli, the baselining method proved to be crucial. Selective suppression for biological vs non-biological stimuli was seen at central electrodes only when we used a within-trial baseline based on a static stimulus: this method greatly reduced trial-by-trial variation in the suppression measure compared with baselines based on blank trials presented in separate blocks. Even in this optimal condition, 16-21% of participants showed no mu suppression. Changes in beta power also did not match our predicted pattern for mirror neuron system engagement, and did not seem to offer a better measure than mu. Our conclusions are in contrast to those of a recent meta-analysis, which concluded that mu suppression is a valid means to examine mirror neuron activity. We argue that mu suppression can be used to index the human mirror neuron system, but the effect is weak and unreliable and easily confounded with alpha suppression

Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw > 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio

Observation of a new chi_b state in radiative transitions to Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) at ATLAS

The chi_b(nP) quarkonium states are produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb^-1, these states are reconstructed through their radiative decays to Upsilon(1S,2S) with Upsilon->mu+mu-. In addition to the mass peaks corresponding to the decay modes chi_b(1P,2P)->Upsilon(1S)gamma, a new structure centered at a mass of 10.530+/-0.005 (stat.)+/-0.009 (syst.) GeV is also observed, in both the Upsilon(1S)gamma and Upsilon(2S)gamma decay modes. This is interpreted as the chi_b(3P) system.Comment: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 1 table, corrected author list, matches final version in Physical Review Letter

Search for displaced vertices arising from decays of new heavy particles in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

We present the results of a search for new, heavy particles that decay at a significant distance from their production point into a final state containing charged hadrons in association with a high-momentum muon. The search is conducted in a pp-collision data sample with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 33 pb^-1 collected in 2010 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Production of such particles is expected in various scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. We observe no signal and place limits on the production cross-section of supersymmetric particles in an R-parity-violating scenario as a function of the neutralino lifetime. Limits are presented for different squark and neutralino masses, enabling extension of the limits to a variety of other models.Comment: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version to appear in Physics Letters

Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photon cross-section in pp collisions at sqrt(s)= 7 TeV using 35 pb-1 of ATLAS data

A measurement of the differential cross-section for the inclusive production of isolated prompt photons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV is presented. The measurement covers the pseudorapidity ranges |eta|<1.37 and 1.52<=|eta|<2.37 in the transverse energy range 45<=E_T<400GeV. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 35 pb-1, collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The yields of the signal photons are measured using a data-driven technique, based on the observed distribution of the hadronic energy in a narrow cone around the photon candidate and the photon selection criteria. The results are compared with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations and found to be in good agreement over four orders of magnitude in cross-section.Comment: 7 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 4 tables, final version published in Physics Letters

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02