Stability of cobalt supported on ZrO2 catalysts for methane combustion

Cobalt supported catalysts were prepared by two different techniques: atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) and wet impregnation. Either ZrO2 or La/ZrO2 (La-doped ZrO2) were used as supports. The solids were characterized by XRD, TPR and XPS before and after hydrothermal and catalytic stability tests (TOS: 150 h, 970 K). The most active catalysts were those in which cobalt was incorporated using the epitaxial growth technique. Moreover, the initial activity of cobalt supported on ZrO2 by ALE was significantly higher than that on La/ZrO2. But, after maintaining the former catalysts for 150 h at 970K on stream (stability est), their initial high activities significantly decreased. On the other hand, when Co was supported on La-doped ZrO2 the resulting catalysts became much more stable. Combining the catalytic results with the characterization information a simple model is proposed that rationalizes the behavior of these solids.Fil: Milt, Viviana Guadalupe. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica ; ArgentinaFil: Lombardo, Eduardo Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica ; ArgentinaFil: Ulla, Maria Alicia del H.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica ; Argentin

Catalytic combustion of methane on Co/MgO: characterisation of active cobalt sites

A series of Co/MgO catalysts with 3–12 wt.% Co were prepared by impregnation and calcined at 1073 K for 10 h. The catalytic behaviour of these samples toward CH4 combustion was found to increase with cobalt loading, though a plateau was reached at ca. 9 wt.% Co content. Bulk characterisation was carried out using XRD, TPR and Raman spectroscopy, and showed that the solids were made up of a CoO–MgO solid solution and a MgO phase. A detailed examination of their surfaces was achieved through FTIR spectroscopy of adsorbed CO probe molecules, which indicated that at low cobalt loadings only a small proportion of the Co going into the solid solution was present on exposed faces as either Co2+ oxo-species or pentacoordinated Co2+. However, as the cobalt content of the samples increased, a larger amount was exposed on the surface. This effect levelled off at 9 wt.% Co, after which the increase in exposed Co2+ sites was countered by the masking effect of islands of MgO. In addition, at high cobalt loadings (9 and 12 wt.%) Co formed small clusters which showed bulk CoO-like behaviour. Consequently, the benefit of having surface Co2+ species was balanced by the clustering effect of these species and the presence of MgO islands, negating their contribution to the overall catalytic activity of the samples.Fil: Ulla, Maria Alicia del H.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica ; ArgentinaFil: Spretz, R.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica ; ArgentinaFil: Lombardo, Eduardo Agustin. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica ; ArgentinaFil: Daniell, W.. Ludwig Maximilians Universitat; AlemaniaFil: Knözinger, H.. Ludwig Maximilians Universitat; Alemani

Metal Organic Framework-Based Sustainable Nanocatalysts for CO Oxidation

The development of new catalytic nanomaterials following sustainability criteria both in their composition and in their synthesis process is a topic of great current interest. The purpose of this work was to investigate the preparation of nanocatalysts derived from the zirconium metal–organic framework UiO-66 obtained under friendly conditions and supporting dispersed species of non-noble transition elements such as Cu, Co, and Fe, incorporated through a simple incipient wetness impregnation technique. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized solids were studied through several characterization techniques and then they were investigated in reactions of relevance for environmental pollution control, such as the oxidation of carbon monoxide in air and in hydrogen-rich streams (COProx). By controlling the atmospheres and pretreatment temperatures, it was possible to obtain active catalysts for the reactions under study, consisting of Cu-based UiO-66-, bimetallic CuCo–UiO-66-, and CuFe–UiO-6-derived materials. These solids represent new alternatives of nanostructured catalysts based on highly dispersed non-noble active metals.Fil: Lozano, Luis Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Faroldi, Betina María Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Ulla, Maria Alicia del H.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Zamaro, Juan Manuel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; Argentin

Synthesis and characterization of ZSM-5 coatings onto cordierite honeycomb supports

Zeolite ZSM-5 layers (up to ca. 30% by weight) have been synthesized on cordierite substrates, following either a direct hydrothermal synthesis procedure or a secondary growth method, in this case after seeding of the support. The Si/Al ratio in the synthesis gel ranged from 14 to 100, but layers with a high Al content (i.e. a low Si/Al ratio) could not be prepared directly on the cordierite support. However, MFI layers with a low Si/Al ratio were readily grown after depositing an intermediate Si-rich layer. The results also show that the Si/Al ratio of the synthesis gel has a direct effect on the morphology, crystallinity and orientation of the MFI layer formed.Fil: Ulla, Maria Alicia del H.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica ; ArgentinaFil: Mallada, R.. Universidad de Zaragoza. Facultad de Ciencias; EspañaFil: Coronas, J.. Universidad de Zaragoza. Facultad de Ciencias; EspañaFil: Gutierrez, Laura Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica ; ArgentinaFil: Miro, Eduardo Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica ; ArgentinaFil: Santamaría, J.. Universidad de Zaragoza. Facultad de Ciencias; Españ

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia

Measurement of associated W plus charm production in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

Peer reviewe

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants.

BACKGROUND: Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. METHODS: We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30-79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. FINDINGS: The number of people aged 30-79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306-359) million women and 317 (292-344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584-668) million women and 652 (604-698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55-62) of women and 49% (46-52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43-51) of women and 38% (35-41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20-27) for women and 18% (16-21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. INTERPRETATION: Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings. FUNDING: WHO