Identification and structural analysis of cereal arabinoxylan-derived oligosaccharides by negative ionization HILIC-MS/MS

Recent works provide evidence of the prebiotic potential of arabinoxylan-derived oligosaccharides (A)XOS. In this study, we developed a structural analysis for cereal-derived (A)XOS by negative ionization HILIC-MS/MS. Initially, we assessed twelve (A)XOS samples of known structures with different linkage positions and branching points by direct-infusion negative ESI-MSn. We subsequently developed the negative ion HILIC-MS/MS with a post-column addition of ammonium chloride. The selected (A)XOS represented both linear (arabinofuranosyl residue linked to the non-reducing end of xylooligosaccharide) and branched structures. Each (A)XOS sample produced a specific spectrum in negative ion ESI-MSn. By analyzing cross-ring fragment ions, we determined the linkage positions of linear (A)XOS. The presence or absence of diagnostic ions in the MS3 allowed us to detect different branches (O-2- or/and O-3-linked arabinofuranosyl with/or without O-4-linked xylopyranosyl at the non-reducing end). Furthermore, we could identify all analyzed samples by HILIC-MS/MS, based on the formed spectral library and chromatographic retention times.Peer reviewe

In situ synthesis of exopolysaccharides by Leuconostoc spp. and Weissella spp. and their rheological impacts in fava bean flour

Fava bean flour is regarded as a potential plant-based protein source, but the addition of it at high concentration is restricted by its poor texture-improving ability and by anti-nutritional factors (ANF). Exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are regarded as good texture modifiers. In this study, fava bean flour was fermented with Leuconostoc spp. and Weissella spp. with or without sucrose addition, in order to evaluate their potential in EPS production. The contents of free sugars, organic acids, mannitol and EPS in all fermented fava bean doughs were measured. Rheological properties of sucrose-enriched doughs, including viscosity flow curves, hysteresis loop and dynamic oscillatory sweep curves, were measured after fermentation. As one of the ANF, the degradation of raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) was also studied by analyzing RFO profiles of different doughs. Quantification of EPS revealed the potential of Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides DSM 20193 in EPS production, and the rheological analysis showed that the polymers produced by this strain has the highest thickening and gelling capability. Furthermore, the viscous fava bean doughs containing plant proteins and synthesized in situ EPS may have a potential application in the food industry and fulfill consumers' increasing demands for "clean labels" and plant-originated food materials. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Indole-3-propionic acid, a gut-derived tryptophan metabolite, associates with hepatic fibrosis

Background and Aims: Gut microbiota-derived metabolites play a vital role in maintenance of human health and progression of disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Indole-3-propionic acid (IPA), a gut-derived tryptophan metabolite, has been recently shown to be lower in individuals with obesity and T2D. IPA’s beneficial effect on liver health has been also explored in rodent and cell models. In this study, we investigated the association of IPA with human liver histology and transcriptomics, and the potential of IPA to reduce hepatic stellate cell activation in vitro. Methods: A total of 233 subjects (72% women; age 48.3 ± 9.3 years; BMI 43.1 ± 5.4 kg/m2) undergoing bariatric surgery with detailed liver histology were included. Circulating IPA levels were measured using LC-MS and liver transcriptomics with total RNA-sequencing. LX-2 cells were used to study hepatoprotective effect of IPA in cells activated by TGF-β1. Results: Circulating IPA levels were found to be lower in individuals with liver fibrosis compared to those without fibrosis (p = 0.039 for all participants; p = 0.013 for 153 individuals without T2D). Accordingly, levels of circulating IPA associated with expression of 278 liver transcripts (p p Conclusion: The association of circulating IPA with liver fibrosis and the ability of IPA to reduce activation of LX-2 cells suggests that IPA may have a therapeutic potential. Further molecular studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms how IPA can ameliorate hepatic fibrosis.</p

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Turvallinen suonensisäinen hoito : opas sairaanhoitajille

Potilasturvallisuus ja hoidon laatu ovat nousseet erittäin tärkeiksi tekijöiksi terveydenhuollossa. Suonensisäinen hoito ja sen turvallinen toteuttaminen on keskeinen osa sairaanhoitajan työtä ja ammattitaitoa. Turvallinen suonensisäinen hoito edellyttää, että sairaanhoitaja tietää laskimoon annettavan lääke- ja nestehoidon erityispiirteet, hänen täytyy tuntea käytettävä välineistö, hallita tarvittavat toimenpiteet sekä tietää vastuut ja velvollisuudet laskimonsisäistä lääke- ja nestehoitoa toteutettaessa. Väärin toteutettu neste- ja lääkehoito tai verensiirto voi aiheuttaa vakavia seurauksia potilaalle. Tämän kehittämistyön tavoitteena oli laatia turvallisen suonensisäisen hoidon opas Varkauden Sosiaali- ja terveyskeskuksen Sisätauti-kirurgisen osaston sairaanhoitajille ja sairaanhoitajaopiskelijoille. Oppaan tarkoituksena on lisätä sairaanhoitajien tietoisuutta aseptiikan ja oikeiden työskentelymenetelmien merkityksestä suonensisäisen hoidon toteutuksessa ja toimia työvälineenä perehdytyksessä ja sairaanhoitajaopiskelijoiden ohjauksessa. Oppaan sisältö on tehty toimeksiantajan toiveiden mukaan. Oppaassa käsitellään perifeerisen ve-risuonikatetrin asettaminen, perkutaanisen keskuslaskimokatetrin hoito, suonensisäiseen hoitoon liittyvät keskeiset komplikaatiot, käsihygienia ja aseptiikka hoitotoimenpiteissä ja lääkehoidossa, verensiirron perusteet, neulanpistotapaturma ja suonensisäisessä hoidossa syntyvän jätteen käsittely. Työn tilaajan lisäksi opinnäytetyön tuotosta eli opasta voidaan soveltaa koko ammattialaan ja sairaanhoitajaopiskelijoiden perehdytykseen. Työssä painotetaan aseptista näkökulmaa.Patient safety and quality of care have become very important factors in health care. Safe practices in the intravenous treatment are a key part of the nurse's work and professionalism. Safe intravenous treatment requires that the nurse knows intravenous drug and fluid therapy in the special features, she must know to use the equipment, to manage the necessary steps, as well as to know the duties and responsibilities when intravenous drug and fluid therapy is carried out. Improperly implemented intravenous fluid and medication therapy can lead to serious consequences for the patient. The aim of this development work was to establish a guide about a safe intravenous treatment. The guide is for nurses and nursing students in the Medical-surgical ward of the Centre of Social Affairs and Health in Varkaus. The purpose of the guide is to increase nurses' awareness of aseptic techniques and the correct working methods of the significance of intravenous therapy implementation and serve as a tool orientation and the nurse-student counseling. The contents of the guide have been made according to the client's wishes. The guide includes setting peripheral vascular catheters, a percutaneous catheter treatment, the main complications of the intravenous treatment, hand hygiene and asepsis in nursing procedures and medical treatment, blood transfusion criteria, needle-stick injuries and the waste resulting from the intravenous treatment. In addition to the thesis, the work output of the guide can be applied to the entire profession and nursing students' orientation. The author emphasizes the aseptic point of view

Size-exclusion chromatography of xylan derivatives-the critical evaluation of macromolecular data

Hydroxypropyl xylans with varying degrees of substitution were characterized by size-exclusion chromatography. Molar masses of the samples were determined using two approaches: by conventional calibration with molar mass standards and by a multi-detection method that utilizes the combination of static light scattering, viscometry, and differential refractive index detection. The molar mass results obtained by the multi-detection method were accurate, but required the determination of separate refractive index increments for each structurally different sample. The column calibration approach with standard pullulan samples gave biased results due to the differences in hydrodynamic volumes between pullulans and hydroxypropyl xylans with similar molar masses. The degree of hydroxypropylation affected the chain conformation and compactness of the polymer chains. Mark-Houwink parameters and persistence length values suggested that the hydroxypropyl substituents reduced the flexibility of the xylan chain and made the polymer chain more extended.Peer reviewe

Laboratory experiments on membrane filter sampling of airborne mycotoxins produced by Stachybotrys atra Corda.

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