Effect of bunches shading on color and antioxidant capacity of red table grapes (Vitis vinifera L.)

[SPA] El color es el principal atributo externo de calidad en las uvas rojas (Vitis vinifera L.). Es conferido por las antocianinas, compuestos fenólicos que además presentan actividad antioxidante. Ambas propiedades son influenciadas por la luminosidad y temperatura que alcanzan los racimos, sin embargo, los mecanismos involucrados aún no se conocen. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar el efecto del sombreado sobre la capacidad antioxidante y la actividad de peroxidasas en relación con el color de bayas de uvas ´Flame Seedless´. Durante las temporadas 2003–2004 y 2004-2005, se sombrearon racimos desde el pre-envero a cosecha. Un tratamiento fue cubierto con una red blanca, otro con una red negra, ambas retenían el 50% de la luminosidad; el último con una red negra que retenía el 35% y un testigo sin red. Se encontraron efectos significativos de los tratamientos y una marcada influencia de la estación de crecimiento. El sombreado con la red blanca alcanzó menos color en ambos años: CIRG= 2.68 y 2.60 con 744.1±7.9 y 763.3±32.9 μg g-1 de antocianinas respectivamente. Los tratamientos sombreados con las redes negra obtuvieron valores superiores a tres en ambos años, explicado por contenidos de pigmentos que oscilaron entre 779.3±36.3 y 1034.5± 8.3 μg g-1 (r= 0.83). En cuanto a fenoles totales, el testigo obtuvo valores significativamente superiores a los otros tratamientos. La capacidad antioxidante se relacionó con el color (r=-0.62), sin embargo, la actividad de peroxidasas no se relacionó. De acuerdo a la selección de variables, el color fue explicado por la temperatura mínima que alcanzó el racimo (R2=0.89). Esta variable y la intensidad lumínica explicaron la capacidad antioxidante (R2=0.72). En conclusión, el sombreado de racimos con la red negra que retuvo el 35% de luminosidad resultó mejor y podría recomendarse como práctica, si bien son necesarios más estudios bioquímicos y moleculares. [ENG] conferred by anthocyanins, phenolic compounds which present antioxidant activity too. Luminosity and temperature are environmental factors that affect both properties; however mechanisms involved are unknown yet. In consequence, the objective of this work was to study the effect of shading on antioxidant capacity and peroxidase activity in relationship to berries color of ´Flame Seedless´ grapes. During 2003-2004 and 2004-2005 growing seasons, bunches were shaded from pre-veraisson to maturity. One treatment was covered with a White net, other with a black net wich both retained 50% of luminosity; the last was covered with a black net that retained only 35% of luminosity, and a control without net. Significative treatment effects and an enhanced growing season influence were found. Bunches covered with white net got minus color in both growing seasons: CIRG= 2.68 and 2.60 and anthocyanins = 744.1±7.9 and 763.3±32.9 μg g-1 respectively, while covered with black nets got higher values (CIRG>3), explained by pigments contents which oscillated between 779.3±36.3 and 1034.5± 8.3 μg g-1 (r= 0.83). Antioxidant capacity was negatively correlated with color (r=-0.62) however peroxidases activity was not correlation. According to variables selction, color was explained by minimum temperature that bunches get (R2=0.89), meanwhile, antioxidant capacity was explained by the last variable and maximum luminosity (R2=0.72). In conclusion, the black net that retained 35% of luminosity was the best and could be recommended as an agronomic practice to improve color; however more biochemical and molecular studies that explain coloration mechanisms are necessary

4to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

Este volumen acoge la memoria académica de la Cuarta edición del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2017, desarrollado entre el 29 de noviembre y el 1 de diciembre de 2017 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana (UPS) en su sede de Guayaquil. El Congreso ofreció un espacio para la presentación, difusión e intercambio de importantes investigaciones nacionales e internacionales ante la comunidad universitaria que se dio cita en el encuentro. El uso de herramientas tecnológicas para la gestión de los trabajos de investigación como la plataforma Open Conference Systems y la web de presentación del Congreso http://citis.blog.ups.edu.ec/, hicieron de CITIS 2017 un verdadero referente entre los congresos que se desarrollaron en el país. La preocupación de nuestra Universidad, de presentar espacios que ayuden a generar nuevos y mejores cambios en la dimensión humana y social de nuestro entorno, hace que se persiga en cada edición del evento la presentación de trabajos con calidad creciente en cuanto a su producción científica. Quienes estuvimos al frente de la organización, dejamos plasmado en estas memorias académicas el intenso y prolífico trabajo de los días de realización del Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad al alcance de todos y todas

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Progesterone Receptor Subcellular Localization and Gene Expression Profile in Human Astrocytoma Cells Are Modified by Progesterone

Intracellular progesterone receptor (PR) has been identified in human astrocytomas, the most common and aggressive primary brain tumors in humans. It has been reported that PR cell distribution affects their transcriptional activity and turnover. In this work we studied by immunofluorescence the effects of estradiol and progesterone on the subcellular localization of PR in a grade III human astrocytoma derived cell line (U373). We observed that total PR was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm without hormonal treatment. Estradiol (10 nM) increased PR presence in the cytoplasm of U373 cells, whereas progesterone (10 nM) and RU486 (PR antagonist, 1 μM) blocked this effect. To investigate the role of PR activity in the regulation of gene expression pattern of U373 cells, we evaluated by microarray analysis the profile of genes regulated by progesterone, RU486, or both steroids. We found different genes regulated by steroid treatments that encode for proteins involved in metabolism, transport, cell cycle, proliferation, metastasis, apoptosis, processing of nucleic acids and proteins, adhesion, pathogenesis, immune response, cytoskeleton, and membrane receptors. We determined that 30 genes were regulated by progesterone, 41 genes by RU486 alone, and 13 genes by the cotreatment of progesterone+RU486, suggesting that there are many genes regulated by intracellular PR or through other signaling pathways modulated by progesterone. All these data suggest that PR distribution and activity should modify astrocytomas growth

Risk Factors Associated with Mortality among Patients with COVID-19: Analysis of a Cohort of 1213 Patients in a Tertiary Healthcare Center

The presence of cardio-metabolic and respiratory comorbidities, immunosuppression, and chronic kidney disease have been associated with an increase in mortality from COVID-19. The objective of this study is to establish the risk factors associated with 30-day mortality in a cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. This paper conducts a retrospective and analytical study of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a tertiary care center. A Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to estimate the association of comorbidities with 30-day mortality. A total of 1215 patients with a median age of 59 years were included. In the adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model, hypothyroidism, D-dimer ≥ 0.8 μg/mL, LHD ≥ 430 IU/L, CRP ≥ 4.83 ng/mL, and triglycerides ≥ 214 mg/dL were associated with an increased risk of death. The presence of a history of hypothyroidism and biomarkers (D-dimer, lactic dehydrogenase, CRP, and triglycerides) were associated with an increase in mortality in the studied cohort

II Jornadas de Cooperación Educativa sobre Mujeres, Paz y Educación

Las Jornadas contaron con la participación de representantes de los Ministerios y Secretarías de Educación y de los Organismos de Igualdad de Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, El Salvador, España, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, República Dominicana, Uruguay y Venezuela. En las distintas ponencias y talleres se exploran las posibles acciones que por parte de los Ministerios se realizan dentro de los sistemas educativos iberoamericanos, para colaborar eficiente y eficazmente con las tareas de los organismos o mecanismos gubernamentales de igualdad en la prevención y atención de las formas diversas de la violencia de género y domestica.Ministerio Educación CIDEES