Quantum State Tomography and Quantum Games

We develop a technique for single qubit quantum state tomography using the mathematical setup of generalized quantization scheme for games. In our technique Alice sends an unknown pure quantum state to Bob who appends it with |0><0| and then applies the unitary operators on the appended quantum state and finds the payoffs for Alice and himself. It is shown that for a particular set of unitary operators these elements become equal to Stokes parameters for an unknown quantum state. In this way an unknown quantum state can be measured and reconstructed. Strictly speaking this technique is not a game as no strategic competitions are involved.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

The Institutions-Growth Nexus: Stages of Development

The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of institutions on the economic growth and examine whether the ultimate impact differs at various stages of development among 24 Asian countries over the period 1996-2008 using a dynamic panel data analysis model based on the SYS-GMM estimation procedure. The overall analysis of this study shows that institutions indeed are important in determining the long-run economic growth. However, the impact of the institutions on economic growth varies across the regions and depends upon the existence level of development. This study concludes that the institutions are more effective in developed region as compared to developing region. More specially, control over corruption, rule of law and regulatory quality are highly effective in promoting long rum economic growth in East Asia than South Asia. Different countries require different set of institutions to promote long run economic growth.Institutions, Economic Growth, Stages of Development

Scattering of a fluid-structure coupled wave at a flanged junction between two flexible waveguides

Copyright 2013 Acoustical Society of America. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and the Acoustical Society of America. The following article appeared in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 134(3), 1939 - 1949 and may be found at http://scitation.aip.org/content/asa/journal/jasa/134/3/10.1121/1.4817891.The scattering of a fluid-structure coupled wave at a flanged junction between two flexible waveguides is investigated. The flange is assumed to be rigid on one side and soft on the other; this enables a solution to be formulated using mode-matching. It is shown that both the choice of the edge conditions imposed on the plates at the junction and the choice of incident forcing significantly affect the transmission of energy along the duct. In particular, the edge conditions crucially affect the transmission of structure-borne vibration but have little effect on fluid-borne noise. Given the singular nature of the velocity field at the flange tip, particular attention is paid to the validity of the mode-matching method. It is demonstrated that the velocity field can be accurately reconstructed by incorporating the Lanczos filter into the truncated modal expansions. The mode-matching method is thus confirmed as an viable tool for this class of problem.The Higher Education Commission, Pakista