Oral microflora and oral diseases in a sample of Portuguese children

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Microflora oral e risco de doenças orais numa amostra de crianças portuguesas

Introdução: A saúde oral é parte da saúde geral, bem-estar e qualidade de vida. Deste modo, o conhecimento da prevalência da cárie dentária na população infantil leva-nos a adotar, cada vez mais, um conjunto de medidas de prevenção, permitindo o controlo, não só dos fatores etiológicos da doença, mas também a diminuição da sua incidência. O conhecimento da microflora oral e a exploração do potencial alcalinizante de algumas bactérias orais, são uma estratégia promissora no que diz respeito à prevenção da cárie dentária. Objetivos: Este estudo visa avaliar, os comportamentos e o estado de saúde oral das crianças participantes. Estudar a associação entre o estado de saúde oral das crianças e a presença de Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus gordonii e Streptococcus salivarius. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo epidemiológico observacional transversal com 189 crianças dos 6 aos 10 anos de idade. Foi aplicado um questionário aos pais/encarregados de educação sobre os comportamentos de higiene oral das crianças participantes no estudo. Realizou-se uma observação intraoral que nos permitiu determinar o índice de cpo-d e o CPO-D. Por fim, realizou-se a recolha e análise molecular de biofilme oral das crianças participantes. Resultados: Das crianças participantes 70 (36,8%) apresentam cpo-d de 0, com cpo-d entre 1-3 temos 84 (44,2%), e superior a 3 temos 35 (18,4%). Relativamente ao índice de CPO-D de 0 temos 136 (71,6%) crianças, entre 1-3 temos 47 (24,7%) e superior a 3 temos 7 (3,7%). Este estudo permitiu ainda demonstrar, que crianças que apresentam o dente da recolha cariado revelam a presença de Streptococcus mutans em 80% das vezes. Por sua vez, das crianças que não apresentavam o dente da recolha cariado, foram encontrados Streptococcus gordonii e Streptococcus salivarius numa percentagem de 85,7% para ambas as bactérias. Conclusões: Este estudo estabelece uma relação entre ausência de cárie e a presença de Streptococcus gordonii e Streptococcus salivarius.Introduction: Oral health is part of overall health, wellbeing and quality of life. Thus, knowledge of the prevalence of dental caries in children leads us to adopt increasingly a set of preventive measures allowing control not only of the etiological factors of the disease, but also to decrease its incidence. Knowledge of oral microflora and exploitation of alkalizing potential of some oral bacteria are a promising strategy with regard to the prevention of dental caries. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the behavior and oral health status of children participating by studying the association between oral health status of children and the presence of Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus salivarius. Methods: An observational cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted with 189 children 6 to 10 years old. A questionnaire was given to parents / guardians regarding oral hygiene behaviors of participating children. We conducted an intraoral observation to determine the rate of dmtf/DMTF. Finally, the collection and molecular analysis of oral biofilm was done. Results: From the 70 participating children (36.8%) have dmtf 0, with dmtf between 1-3 have 84 (44.2%), and 35 have more than 3 (18.4%). Relating to DMFT index of 0 we have 136 (71.6%), children aged 1-3 have 47 (24.7%) and greater than 3 have 6 (3.7%). This study also demonstrated that children who have the decayed teeth are colonized by Streptococcus mutans 80% of the time. In turn, 85.7% of the children who did not have decayed teeth, were colonized by Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus salivarius. Conclusions: This study establishes a relationship between the absence of caries and colonization by Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus salivarius

Reference ranges of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) score and diagnostic validity of its 12-item version in identifying altered functioning in healthy postpartum women.

OBJECTIVES: To compare scores on the 36-item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 tool (WHODAS-36) for postpartum women across a continuum of morbidity and to validate the 12-item version (WHODAS-12). METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of the Brazilian retrospective cohort study on long-term repercussions of severe maternal morbidity. We determined mean, median, and percentile values for WHODAS-36 total score and for each domain, and percentile values for WHODAS-12 total score in postpartum women divided into three groups: "no," "nonsevere," and "severe" morbidities. RESULTS: The WHODAS-36 mean total scores were 11.58, 18.31, and 19.19, respectively for no, nonsevere, and severe morbidity. There was a dose-dependent effect on scores for each domain of WHODAS-36 according to the presence and severity of morbidity. The diagnostic validity of WHODAS-12 was determined by comparing it with WHODAS-36 as a "gold standard." The best cut-off point for diagnosing dysfunctionality was the 95th percentile. CONCLUSION: The upward trend of WHODAS-36 total mean value scores of women with no morbidity compared with those with morbidity along a severity continuum may reflect the impact of morbidity on postpartum functioning

Validation of the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) 12-item tool against the 36-item version for measuring functioning and disability associated with pregnancy and history of severe maternal morbidity.

OBJECTIVE: To validate the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) 12-item tool against the 36-item version for measuring functioning and disability associated with pregnancy and the occurrence of maternal morbidity. METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of the Brazilian retrospective cohort study on long-term repercussions of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) among women who delivered at a tertiary facility (COMMAG study). We compared WHODAS-12 and WHODAS-36 scores of women with and without SMM using measures of central tendency and variability, tests for instruments' agreement (Bland-Altman plot), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and Cronbach alpha coefficient for internal consistency. RESULTS: The COMMAG study enrolled 638 women up to 5 years postpartum. Although the median WHODAS-36 and -12 scores for all women were statistically different (13.04 and 11.76, respectively; P<0.001), there was a strong linear correlation between them. Furthermore, the mean difference and the differences in variance analyses demonstrated agreement of total scores between the two versions. CFA demonstrated how the WHODAS-12 questions are divided into six previously defined factors and Cronbach alpha showed good internal consistency. CONCLUSION: WHODAS-12 demonstrated agreement with WHODAS-36 for total score and was a good instrument for screening functioning and disability among postpartum women, with and without SMM

The impact of hypertension, hemorrhage, and other maternal morbidities on functioning in the postpartum period as assessed by the WHODAS 2.0 36-item tool.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the scores of postpartum women using the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 36-item tool (WHODAS-36), considering different morbidities. METHODS: Secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort of women who delivered at a referral maternity in Brazil and were classified with and without severe maternal morbidity (SMM). WHODAS-36 was used to assess functioning in postpartum women. Percentile distribution of total WHODAS score was compared across three groups: Percentile (P)90. Cases of SMM were categorized and WHODAS-36 score was assessed according to hypertension, hemorrhage, or other conditions. RESULTS: A total of 638 women were enrolled: 64 had mean scores below P90 (41.3). Of women scoring above P>90, those with morbidity had a higher mean score than those without (44.6% vs 36.8%, P=0.879). Women with higher WHODAS-36 scores presented more complications during pregnancy, especially hypertension (47.0% vs 37.5%, P=0.09). Mean scores among women with any complication were higher than those with no morbidity (19.0 vs 14.2, P=0.01). WHODAS-36 scores were higher among women with hypertensive complications (19.9 vs 16.0, P=0.004), but lower among those with hemorrhagic complications (13.8 vs 17.7, P=0.09). CONCLUSIONS: Complications during pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium increase long-term WHODAS-36 scores, demonstrating a persistent impact on functioning among women, up to 5 years postpartum

Coma in adult cerebral venous thrombosis:The BEAST study

Background and purpose: Coma is an independent predictor of poor clinical outcomes in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). We aimed to describe the association of age, sex, and radiological characteristics of adult coma patients with CVT. Methods: We used data from the international, multicentre prospective observational BEAST (Biorepository to Establish the Aetiology of Sinovenous Thrombosis) study. Only positively associated variables with coma with &lt;10% missing data in univariate analysis were considered for the multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Of the 596 adult patients with CVT (75.7% women), 53 (8.9%) patients suffered coma. Despite being a female-predominant disease, the prevalence of coma was higher among men than women (13.1% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.04). Transverse sinus thrombosis was least likely to be associated with coma (23.9% vs. 73.3%, p &lt; 0.001). The prevalence of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis was higher among men than women in the coma sample (73.6% vs. 37.5%, p = 0.01). Men were significantly older than women, with a median (interquartile range) age of 51 (38.5–60) versus 40 (33–47) years in the coma (p = 0.04) and 44.5 (34–58) versus 37 (29–48) years in the non-coma sample (p &lt; 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, an age-and superior sagittal sinus-adjusted multivariate logistic regression model found male sex (odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0–3.4, p = 0.04 to be an independent predictor of coma in CVT, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.61 (95% CI = 0.52–0.68, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Although CVT is a female-predominant disease, men were older and nearly twice as likely to suffer from coma than women

Multi-center real-world comparison of the fully automated Idylla (TM) microsatellite instability assay with routine molecular methods and immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue of colorectal cancer

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is present in 15-20% of primary colorectal cancers. MSI status is assessed to detect Lynch syndrome, guide adjuvant chemotherapy, determine prognosis, and use as a companion test for checkpoint blockade inhibitors. Traditionally, MSI status is determined by immunohistochemistry or molecular methods. The Idylla (TM) MSI Assay is a fully automated molecular method (including automated result interpretation), using seven novel MSI biomarkers (ACVR2A, BTBD7, DIDO1, MRE11, RYR3, SEC31A, SULF2) and not requiring matched normal tissue. In this real-world global study, 44 clinical centers performed Idylla (TM) testing on a total of 1301 archived colorectal cancer formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections and compared Idylla (TM) results against available results from routine diagnostic testing in those sites. MSI mutations detected with the Idylla (TM) MSI Assay were equally distributed over the seven biomarkers, and 84.48% of the MSI-high samples had >= 5 mutated biomarkers, while 98.25% of the microsatellite-stable samples had zero mutated biomarkers. The concordance level between the Idylla (TM) MSI Assay and immunohistochemistry was 96.39% (988/1025); 17/37 discordant samples were found to be concordant when a third method was used. Compared with routine molecular methods, the concordance level was 98.01% (789/805); third-method analysis found concordance for 8/16 discordant samples. The failure rate of the Idylla (TM) MSI Assay (0.23%; 3/1301) was lower than that of referenced immunohistochemistry (4.37%; 47/1075) or molecular assays (0.86%; 7/812). In conclusion, lower failure rates and high concordance levels were found between the Idylla (TM) MSI Assay and routine tests.Peer reviewe

Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies First Locus Associated with Susceptibility to Cerebral Venous Thrombosis

Objective Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon form of stroke affecting mostly young individuals. Although genetic factors are thought to play a role in this cerebrovascular condition, its genetic etiology is not well understood. Methods A genome-wide association study was performed to identify genetic variants influencing susceptibility to CVT. A 2-stage genome-wide study was undertaken in 882 Europeans diagnosed with CVT and 1,205 ethnicity-matched control subjects divided into discovery and independent replication datasets. Results In the overall case-control cohort, we identified highly significant associations with 37 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the 9q34.2 region. The strongest association was with rs8176645 (combined p = 9.15 x 10(-24); odds ratio [OR] = 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.76-2.31). The discovery set findings were validated across an independent European cohort. Genetic risk score for this 9q34.2 region increases CVT risk by a pooled estimate OR = 2.65 (95% CI = 2.21-3.20, p = 2.00 x 10(-16)). SNPs within this region were in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with coding regions of the ABO gene. The ABO blood group was determined using allele combination of SNPs rs8176746 and rs8176645. Blood groups A, B, or AB, were at 2.85 times (95% CI = 2.32-3.52, p = 2.00 x 10(-16)) increased risk of CVT compared with individuals with blood group O. Interpretation We present the first chromosomal region to robustly associate with a genetic susceptibility to CVT. This region more than doubles the likelihood of CVT, a risk greater than any previously identified thrombophilia genetic risk marker. That the identified variant is in strong LD with the coding region of the ABO gene with differences in blood group prevalence provides important new insights into the pathophysiology of CVT. ANN NEUROL 2021Peer reviewe

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Coma in adult cerebral venous thrombosis: The BEAST study

Background and purpose: Coma is an independent predictor of poor clinical outcomes in cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). We aimed to describe the association of age, sex, and radiological characteristics of adult coma patients with CVT. Methods: We used data from the international, multicentre prospective observational BEAST (Biorepository to Establish the Aetiology of Sinovenous Thrombosis) study. Only positively associated variables with coma with <10% missing data in univariate analysis were considered for the multivariate logistic regression model. Results: Of the 596 adult patients with CVT (75.7% women), 53 (8.9%) patients suffered coma. Despite being a female-predominant disease, the prevalence of coma was higher among men than women (13.1% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.04). Transverse sinus thrombosis was least likely to be associated with coma (23.9% vs. 73.3%, p < 0.001). The prevalence of superior sagittal sinus thrombosis was higher among men than women in the coma sample (73.6% vs. 37.5%, p = 0.01). Men were significantly older than women, with a median (interquartile range) age of 51 (38.5–60) versus 40 (33–47) years in the coma (p = 0.04) and 44.5 (34–58) versus 37 (29–48) years in the non-coma sample (p < 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, an age- and superior sagittal sinus-adjusted multivariate logistic regression model found male sex (odds ratio = 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.0–3.4, p = 0.04) to be an independent predictor of coma in CVT, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.61 (95% CI = 0.52–0.68, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Although CVT is a female-predominant disease, men were older and nearly twice as likely to suffer from coma than women