CONSTRUCTION AND VALIDATION OF AN EDUCATIONAL BOOKLET TO PROMOTE ADHERENCE TO ORAL ANTIDIABETICS

Objetivo: construir y validar un folleto educativo para promover la adherencia a los agentes antidiabéticos orales en personas con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2. Método: estudio metodológico con construcción y valoración por comité de 25 jueces, realizado en 2020, en Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se evaluó el contenido, el lenguaje, las ilustraciones, el diseño, la motivación y la cultura. Se utilizó el Índice de Validez de Contenido, considerando válidos resultados iguales o superiores a 0,80. Resultados: la cartilla, titulada “Planificando la toma de medicamentos en el tratamiento de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Vamos allá”, se compone de 24 páginas con información sobre la adicción a los medicamentos, el control glicémico, el modo de uso de los principales antidiabéticos orales, los efectos de la no adicción y las estrategias de comportamiento para la eficacia de la toma de los medicamentos. En la valoración del contenido, el IVC fue de 0,92. Conclusión: el folleto es un material educativo válido para ser utilizado, con el fin de promover la adhesión a los antidiabéticos orales.Objetivo: construir e validar cartilha educativa para promover a adesão a antidiabéticos orais em pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Método: estudo metodológico com construção e validação por comitê de 25 juízes, realizado em 2020, em Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram avaliados conteúdo, linguagem, ilustrações, layout, motivação e cultura. Utilizouse o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, considerando válidos resultados iguais ou superiores a 0,80. Resultados: a cartilha, intitulada “Planejando a tomada dos medicamentos no tratamento do Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2. Vamos lá?”, foi composta por 24 páginas com informações sobre adesão medicamentosa, controle glicêmico, modo de uso dos principais antidiabéticos orais, agravos da não adesão e estratégias comportamentais para a efetivação da tomada destes medicamentos. Na validação de conteúdo, IVC foi de 0,92. Conclusão: a cartilha mostrou-se material educativo válido para ser utilizado, a fim de promover a adesão aos antidiabéticos orais.Objective: to construct and validate an educational booklet to promote adherence to oralantidiabetic agents in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Method: methodological study with construction and validation by a committee of 25 judges, conducted in 2020, in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Content, language, illustrations, layout, motivation, and culture were evaluated. The Content Validity Index was used, considering valid results equal to or greater than 0.80. Results: The booklet entitled “Planning to take medications in the treatment of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Let´s go?”, was composed of 24 pages with information on drug adherence, glycemic control, how to use the main oral antidiabetic agents, problems of nonadherence, and behavioral strategies for the effective taking of these medications. In content validation, CVI was 0.92. Conclusion: the booklet proved to be a valid educational material to be used to promote adherence to oral antidiabetic drugs

ADIPOQ and IL6 variants are associated with a pro-inflammatory status in obeses with cardiometabolic dysfunction

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud Polymorphisms in genes encoding adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and interleukin-6 (IL6) have been associated with adiposity and obese-related phenotypes. This study investigated the relationship of ADIPOQ and IL6 gene polymorphisms with pro-inflammatory and cardiometabolic markers in obese patients.\ud \ud \ud Methods\ud Anthropometric and body composition parameters were measured in 249 Brazilian subjects (30 to 68 yr). Metabolic and inflammatory markers and adipokines were analyzed in blood samples. ADIPOQ rs2241766 (45 T > G) and IL6 rs1800795 (−174G > C) polymorphisms were analyzed by real-time PCR and PCR-RFLP, respectively.\ud \ud \ud Results\ud Type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and increased values of waist circumference, body fat, leptin, fibrinogen, IL-1β, hsCRP and TNFα were related to obesity (p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between BMI and waist circumference, body fat, leptin, fibrinogen, PAI-1, IL-1β, hsCRP and TNFα values (p < 0.001) but not with adiponectin. Obese group had altered metabolic status, resistance to leptin and insulin, and atherogenic and pro-inflammatory profiles. ADIPOQ and IL6 variants were not directely related to obesity, leptin resistance or alterations in cardiometabolic markers. Individuals carrying ADIPOQ 45G allele (TG + GG genotype) had higher IL-6, IL-1β and TNFα levels than TT genotype carriers (p < 0.05). IL6 -174GG genotype was associated with increased IL-1β levels (p = 0.033).\ud \ud \ud Conclusion\ud Obesity is associated with leptin resistance, cardiometabolic alterations and a pro-inflammatory status. Our results are suggestive that ADIPOQ and IL6 polymorphisms contribute to cardiometabolic risk in obese individuals.FAPESPCAPESCNPqCONICY

O IMPACTO DO USO DE AGROTÓXICO NA AGRICULTURA E OS PROBLEMAS DE SAÚDE PÚBLICA: UMA REVISÃO

In Brazil, the agricultural sector is one of the main bases of the economy, both for agribusiness in the production of commodities for export, and for family farming in food production, both with growth prospects. Due to large exports, food production had to be faster, using pesticides and harming human and environmental health. The objective of this article is to understand the impact that the use of pesticides has on the rural population and the problems that it can cause to public health. This is an integrative literature review study, which used the VHL, LILACS and Medline as the search database. Only ten articles were found, therefore only eight were selected. These studies were published between the years 2018 and 2023. The more exposed to the pesticide, the greater the risk of developing some pathology, be it unidentified poisoning, hematological problems with an insistent cause, cancer, degenerative disease, among other causes.No Brasil, o setor agropecuário é uma das principais bases da economia, tanto pelo agronegócio na produção de commodities para exportação, quanto pela agricultura familiar na produção de alimentos, ambos com perspectiva de crescimento. Devido as grandes exportações, a produção de alimentos teve que ser mais rápida fazendo o uso de agrotóxico e prejudicando a saúde humana e ambiental. O objetivo deste artigo é compreender o impacto que o uso de agrotóxico causa na população rural e os problemas que a mesma pode trazer a saúde pública. Trata-se de um estudo do tipo revisão de literatura integrativa, que teve a BVS, LILACS e Medline, como base de dados de busca. &nbsp;Foram encontrados apenas dez artigos, portanto apenas oito foram selecionados. Estes estudos foram publicados entre os anos de 2018 a 2023. Quanto mais expostos ao agrotóxico maior será o risco de desenvolver alguma patologia seja uma intoxicação não identificada, problemas hematológicos com causa insistente, câncer, doença degenerativa, entre outras causas

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure &lt;= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake