ХОРІОАНГІОМА ПЛАЦЕНТИ

Мета дослідження – дослідити особливості перебігу вагітності та її результат у пацієнтки з хоріоангіомою плаценти. Матеріали та методи. Представлений випадок вагітності, пологів, перинатального результату у пацієнтки з хоріоангіомою плаценти. Проведено комплексне клініко-лабораторне обстеження, ультразвукове дослідження, кольорове доплерівське картування, патологоанатомічне дослідження посліду. Результати дослідження та їх обговорення. Наведено клінічний випадок перебігу вагітності у пацієнтки з хоріоангіомою плаценти. Вперше об’ємний утвір плаценти діагностовано в терміні 30 тижнів. При динамічному спостереженні виявлено збільшення розмірів утвору, пухлина з гіперехогенною капсулою та вираженим кровоплином, що відповідає ехографічним критеріям хоріоангіоми плаценти. Стан плода впродовж спостереження не порушений. Пологи відбулись в терміні 41 тиждень і 2 дні, в ранньому неонатальному періоді порушень стану дитини не виявлено, клініко-лабораторні показники в межах норми. При візуальному огляді плаценти в центральному відділі плодової поверхні виявлено об’ємний утвір 55х55 мм, еластичної консистенції, відмежований від оточуючих тканин. Патогістологічне дослідження посліду підтвердило діагноз хоріоангіоми плаценти. Висновки. Основним у діагностиці та визначенні тактики ведення вагітності при хоріоангіомі плаценти є ультразвукове дослідження. Динамічне ультразвукове спостереження з використанням апаратури з високою роздільною здатністю дає можливість виявлення пухлини плаценти, передбачити її гістологічний тип, своєчасно визначити збільшення розмірів пухлини та порушення стану плода для вчасного вирішення питання терміну та тактики розродження з метою попередження перинатальних втрат

The origin of methane in the East Siberian Arctic Shelf unraveled with triple isotope analysis

The Arctic Ocean, especially the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS), has been proposed as a significant source of methane that might play an increasingly important role in the future. However, the underlying processes of formation, removal and transport associated with such emissions are to date strongly debated. CH4 concentration and triple isotope composition were analyzed on gas extracted from sediment and water sampled at numerous locations on the shallow ESAS from 2007 to 2013. We find high concentrations (up to 500 µM) of CH4 in the pore water of the partially thawed subsea permafrost of this region. For all sediment cores, both hydrogen and carbon isotope data reveal the predominant occurrence of CH4 that is not of thermogenic origin as it has long been thought, but resultant from microbial CH4 formation. At some locations, meltwater from buried meteoric ice and/or old organic matter preserved in the subsea permafrost were used as substrates. Radiocarbon data demonstrate that the CH4 present in the ESAS sediment is of Pleistocene age or older, but a small contribution of highly 14C-enriched CH4, from unknown origin, prohibits precise age determination for one sediment core and in the water column. Our sediment data suggest that at locations where bubble plumes have been observed, CH4 can escape anaerobic oxidation in the surface sediment

Aberrant Otx2 Expression Enhances Migration and Induces Ectopic Proliferation of Hindbrain Neuronal Progenitor Cells

Dysregulation of Otx2 is a hallmark of the pediatric brain tumor medulloblastoma, yet its functional significance in the establishment of these tumors is unknown. Here we have sought to determine the functional consequences of Otx2 overexpression in the mouse hindbrain to characterize its potential role in medulloblastoma tumorigenesis and identify the cell types responsive to this lineage-specific oncogene. Expression of Otx2 broadly in the mouse hindbrain resulted in the accumulation of proliferative clusters of cells in the cerebellar white matter and dorsal brainstem of postnatal mice. We found that brainstem ectopia were derived from neuronal progenitors of the rhombic lip and that cerebellar ectopia were derived from granule neuron precursors (GNPs) that had migrated inwards from the external granule layer (EGL). These hyperplasias exhibited various characteristics of medulloblastoma precursor cells identified in animal models of Shh or Wnt group tumors, including aberrant localization and altered spatiotemporal control of proliferation. However, ectopia induced by Otx2 differentiated and dispersed as the animals reached adulthood, indicating that factors restricting proliferative lifespan were a limiting factor to full transformation of these cells. These studies implicate a role for Otx2 in altering the dynamics of neuronal progenitor cell proliferation

Longitudinal Study of Recurrent Metastatic Melanoma Cell Lines Underscores the Individuality of Cancer Biology.

Recurrent metastatic melanoma provides a unique opportunity to analyze disease evolution in metastatic cancer. Here, we followed up eight patients with an unusually prolonged history of metastatic melanoma, who developed a total of 26 recurrences over several years. Cell lines derived from each metastasis were analyzed by comparative genomic hybridization and global transcript analysis. We observed that conserved, patient-specific characteristics remain stable in recurrent metastatic melanoma even after years and several recurrences. Differences among individual patients exceeded within-patient lesion variability, both at the DNA copy number (P<0.001) and RNA gene expression level (P<0.001). Conserved patient-specific traits included expression of several cancer/testis antigens and the c-kit proto-oncogene throughout multiple recurrences. Interestingly, subsequent recurrences of different patients did not display consistent or convergent changes toward a more aggressive disease phenotype. Finally, sequential recurrences of the same patient did not descend progressively from each other, as irreversible mutations such as homozygous deletions were frequently not inherited from previous metastases. This study suggests that the late evolution of metastatic melanoma, which markedly turns an indolent disease into a lethal phase, is prone to preserve case-specific traits over multiple recurrences and occurs through a series of random events that do not follow a consistent stepwise process.Journal of Investigative Dermatology advance online publication, 2 January 2014; doi:10.1038/jid.2013.495

Спектр изменений внутрисуставных структур при гемофилической артропатии по данным магнитно-резонансной томографии

The results of joints's magnetic resonance imaging of 10 patients with severe form of hemophilic artropathy are discussing in this article. The purpose of research was to study the state of soft tissue and bone intraarticulare's structures in present group of patients. The form of bones, condition of an articulate cartilage, the joint’s tendons and ligaments, synovium, presence of an intraarticulate exudate, presence and extent of adjournment haemosiderin, and also signal characteristics of a marrow were estimated.В статье обсуждаются результаты магнитно-резонансной томографии суставов у 10 больных гемофилической артропатией с тяжелой формой заболевания. Исследование проводилось с целью детального изучения состояния мягкотканных и костных внутрисуставных структур у данной группы пациентов. Оценивались форма костей, состояние суставного хряща, сухожильно-связочного аппарата, синовия, определялось наличие внутрисуставного выпота, наличие и протяженность отложения гемосидерина, а также сигнальные характеристики костного мозга

Perspectives and Integration in SOLAS Science

Why a chapter on Perspectives and Integration in SOLAS Science in this book? SOLAS science by its nature deals with interactions that occur: across a wide spectrum of time and space scales, involve gases and particles, between the ocean and the atmosphere, across many disciplines including chemistry, biology, optics, physics, mathematics, computing, socio-economics and consequently interactions between many different scientists and across scientific generations. This chapter provides a guide through the remarkable diversity of cross-cutting approaches and tools in the gigantic puzzle of the SOLAS realm. Here we overview the existing prime components of atmospheric and oceanic observing systems, with the acquisition of ocean–atmosphere observables either from in situ or from satellites, the rich hierarchy of models to test our knowledge of Earth System functioning, and the tremendous efforts accomplished over the last decade within the COST Action 735 and SOLAS Integration project frameworks to understand, as best we can, the current physical and biogeochemical state of the atmosphere and ocean commons. A few SOLAS integrative studies illustrate the full meaning of interactions, paving the way for even tighter connections between thematic fields. Ultimately, SOLAS research will also develop with an enhanced consideration of societal demand while preserving fundamental research coherency. The exchange of energy, gases and particles across the air-sea interface is controlled by a variety of biological, chemical and physical processes that operate across broad spatial and temporal scales. These processes influence the composition, biogeochemical and chemical properties of both the oceanic and atmospheric boundary layers and ultimately shape the Earth system response to climate and environmental change, as detailed in the previous four chapters. In this cross-cutting chapter we present some of the SOLAS achievements over the last decade in terms of integration, upscaling observational information from process-oriented studies and expeditionary research with key tools such as remote sensing and modelling. Here we do not pretend to encompass the entire legacy of SOLAS efforts but rather offer a selective view of some of the major integrative SOLAS studies that combined available pieces of the immense jigsaw puzzle. These include, for instance, COST efforts to build up global climatologies of SOLAS relevant parameters such as dimethyl sulphide, interconnection between volcanic ash and ecosystem response in the eastern subarctic North Pacific, optimal strategy to derive basin-scale CO2 uptake with good precision, or significant reduction of the uncertainties in sea-salt aerosol source functions. Predicting the future trajectory of Earth’s climate and habitability is the main task ahead. Some possible routes for the SOLAS scientific community to reach this overarching goal conclude the chapter

The Physics of the B Factories

This work is on the Physics of the B Factories. Part A of this book contains a brief description of the SLAC and KEK B Factories as well as their detectors, BaBar and Belle, and data taking related issues. Part B discusses tools and methods used by the experiments in order to obtain results. The results themselves can be found in Part C