Tenfold Metalation of Ferrocene: Synthesis, Structures and Metallophilic Interactions in FeC10(HgX)10

The permercuration of ferrocene was achieved by reacting ferrocene with 10 equivalents of mercury(II) butyrate Hg(O2CC3H7)2 in a facile one‐pot reaction in multi‐gram scale and high yields. The butyrate groups in FeC10(HgX)10 (X=O2CC3H7) can be exchanged by treatment with trifluoro‐ or trichloroacetic acid (X=O2CCF3, O2CCCl3). Substitution of the trifluoroacetate groups by halides (X=Cl, F) proceeds easily in aqueous THF. The completeness of metalation was confirmed by NMR and vibrational spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, as well as elemental analysis. Additionally, the first crystal structures of permetallated metallocenes are presented: FeC10(HgX)10 (X=Cl, O2CCF3, O2CCCl3)

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Sequence-sorted redox-switchable hetero[3]rotaxanes

From a library of five crown ether macrocycles with different ring sizes and redox-active moieties, such as tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and naphthalene dimiide (NDI), directional heterocircuit[3]rotaxanes were constructed. Using an axle with two binding sites with different steric accessibility, the concept of integrative self-sorting was applied to program the sequence of functional units in heteropseudo[3]rotaxanes. Depending on binding strength and ring size of the smaller macrocycles, different heteropseudo[3]rotaxane selectivities and stabilities were determined by 2D NMR spectroscopy and tandem mass spectrometry. A heteropseudo[3]rotaxane with rotaxane-like behaviour was isolated chromatographically, displaying electrochemically "frustrated" properties. A robust synthetic procedure was developed allowing the synthesis of four new hetero[3]rotaxanes incorporating specific sequences of functional units. Sequence pseudoisomeric rotaxanes which have the naphthalene diimide subunit at two different positions show distinct electrochemical properties. DFT calculations suggest that this differences could arise from a folding of the structure, in which the redox-active moieties stack with a stopper unit. This study presents a blueprint for the construction of hetero[3]rotaxanes with sequential control of the functional units along the track of the axle and paves the way to extend the functionality of mechanically interlocked molecules

New Kids on the Woog - Ein kinderfreundliches Quartier für die neue Heinrich-Hoffmann Schule. Städtebaulicher Entwurf im Wintersemester 2018/19

In diesem städtebaulichen Entwurf wurden Konzepte gesucht, welche die stadträumliche Integration der Schule in die neue Nachbarschaft fördern. Studierende entwickelten a) ein Mobilitätskonzept, das eine sichere, möglichst autofreie An- und Abreise ermöglicht, b) ein Freiraumkonzept, welches das Schulgelände mit den umliegenden Freiräumen sowie Sport- und Kultureinrichtungen vernetzt und vertiefen c) einen Entwurf für die schuleigenen Freiräume, das ebenso die Bedarfe von Inklusions-Kindern berücksichtigt sowie ein Massenmodel für das neue Schulgebäude, welches die städtebaulichen Vor- und Nachteile einer Typologie, der Verteilung und Ausrichtung der Baumassen, sowie Erschließung erkennen lässt

Otfrids Verkündigung

In Otfrid of Weissenburg’s Evangelienbuch we can find an underlying concept of fluid transformation of different media. The scene of the annunciation to Mary, told in the chapter Missus est Gabrihel angelus, serves as a starting point for an interpretation focused on salvation history. The angel’s message, the diuri árunti, which leaves the divine sphere in order to enter the human world, always refers to the textual representations of the relevant salvatory events. Both Mary and the recipient of the Evangelienbuch experience consent to the angel’s message and its orientation towards resurrection through their bodies. The way to salvation lies within the passio. Otfrid expresses the hermeneutic procedure through an imagery of physical activities such as drinking refreshing water or tasty wine, as is seen in his account of the marriage of Cana. In terms of the memorial action instructed by the text, the wine symbolizes the blood of Christ collected at the holy cross. Otfrid’s Gospel Book therefore can rather be seen as an oscillating fluidum than an elaborate textus. The imagery of textus refers to the Christian community, as whose humble member Otfrid regards himself

Status of hormones and painkillers in wastewater effluents across several European states - considerations for the EU watch list concerning estradiols and diclofenac.

Present technologies for wastewater treatment do not sufficiently address the increasing pollution situation of receiving water bodies, especially with the growing use of personal care products and pharmaceuticals (PPCP) in the private household and health sector. The relevance of addressing this problem of organic pollutants was taken into account by the Directive 2013/39/EU that introduced (i) the quality evaluation of aquatic compartments, (ii) the polluter pays principle, (iii) the need for innovative and affordable wastewater treatment technologies, and (iv) the identification of pollution causes including a list of principal compounds to be monitored. In addition, a watch list of 10 other substances was recently defined by Decision 2015/495 on March 20, 2015. This list contains, among several recalcitrant chemicals, the painkiller diclofenac and the hormones 17β-estradiol and 17α-ethinylestradiol. Although some modern approaches for their removal exist, such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), retrofitting most wastewater treatment plants with AOPs will not be acceptable as consistent investment at reasonable operational cost. Additionally, by-product and transformation product formation has to be considered. The same is true for membrane-based technologies (nanofiltration, reversed osmosis) despite of the incredible progress that has been made during recent years, because these systems lead to higher operation costs (mainly due to higher energy consumption) so that the majority of communities will not easily accept them. Advanced technologies in wastewater treatment like membrane bioreactors (MBR) that integrate biological degradation of organic matter with membrane filtration have proven a more complete elimination of emerging pollutants in a rather cost- and labor-intensive technology. Still, most of the presently applied methods are incapable of removing critical compounds completely. In this opinion paper, the state of the art of European WWTPs is reflected, and capacities of single methods are described. Furthermore, the need for analytical standards, risk assessment, and economic planning is stressed. The survey results in the conclusion that combinations of different conventional and advanced technologies including biological and plant-based strategies seem to be most promising to solve the burning problem of polluting our environment with hazardous emerging xenobiotics