Mejoramiento de la accesibilidad operacional a la línea 1 del metro, en la zona sur de Lima Metropolitana

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal proponer la implementación de rutas alimentadoras a la Línea 1 del Metro, en la zona sur de Lima Metropolitana, a fin de mejorar la cobertura de dicho sistema y a su vez atraer nuevos usuarios de la periferia de la zona sur; para tal propósito se identificaron las rutas de transporte publico convencional que actualmente vienen operando en el entorno a Metro y a la vez vienen compitiendo por captar pasajeros; por otro lado, con la matriz OD proporcionada por el Ministerio de Transportes y Comunicaciones se generaron las líneas de deseos de viajes desde los tres distritos de la zona sur (San Juan de Miraflores, Villa María del Triunfo, Villa el Salvador) hacia los demás distritos, asimismo se realizó la evaluación de la oferta vial de las principales vías dentro de la zona sur, todo ello permitió plantear los nuevos recorridos de las rutas alimentadoras suprimiendo las rutas de transporte convencional. Al respecto a lo anterior, como resultado de la investigación se plantea la implementación de 28 nuevas rutas de transporte público que sirvan de alimentadoras a la Línea 1 del Metro en la zona sur de Lima Metropolitana, a fin de evitar la competencia entre el sistema de transporte convencional (Ómnibus, Microbús, CR), y a su vez atraer nuevos usuarios desde la periferia mejorando la cobertura del sistema. Por otro lado, se deberá implementar y adecuar paraderos adyacentes a las estaciones de la Línea 1 del Metro en la zona sur de Lima Metropolitana, a fin que sirva como un punto de intercambio modal entre el Metro y las nuevas rutas alimentadoras, haciendo accesible el entorno e incentivando el uso del sistema masivo. Asimismo, se debe establecer un sistema de integración tarifaria, a fin que ello incremente la calidad del servicio del transporte público y fomento el uso del transporte público de forma integrada; puesto que ello hace que el uso del transporte público sea más sencillo y más accesible. Finalmente, se recomienda que se establezca una mesa de trabajo entre la Municipalidad Metropolitana de Lima y el Ministerio de Transporte y Comunicaciones, a fin que se pueda implementar coordinadamente las propuestas planteadas en la presente investigación y además se deberá realizar un estudio en todo el recorrido de la Línea 1 del Metro, a fin de plantear medidas como las indicadas en la presente investigación (zona sur de Lima Metropolitana)

An?lisis y evaluaci?n de la poblaci?n extramuros en los programas de Medio Libre

La Direcci?n de Medio Libre del INPE realiza programas al cual la poblaci?n penitenciaria extramuros accede m?nimamente en un 5.9% mientras que la reincidencia delictiva al 2018 fue de 25.6%, lo niveles de delincuencia se incrementa d?a a d?a y, por consiguiente, la poblaci?n Penitenciaria. En este contexto nuestro objetivo de investigaci?n es determinar la satisfacci?n de los programas en la poblaci?n penitenciaria extramuros, en los niveles psicol?gico, econ?mico y laboral. Los resultados de dicha encuesta determinaron que la mayor?a de la poblaci?n encuestada aprecia los programas por sus beneficios. Asimismo, un 25% afirma que sus gastos son mayores que sus ingresos. En su mayor?a, cuenta con un trabajo. Adem?s, el motivo por el cual asisten a los programas en un mayor porcentaje es por ?Cumplir Sentencia?, mientras muy pocos son ?Por Iniciativa?. A partir de dichos resultados seg?n la necesidad de fortalecer los programas CAPAS y FOCOS, se incorporen espacios de intermediaci?n laboral y se dise?en programas educativo y laboral focalizados en la poblaci?n extramuros

Testing the Reliability of Optical Coherence Tomography to Measure Epidermal Thickness and Distinguish Volar and Nonvolar Skin

In persons with limb loss, prosthetic devices cause skin breakdown, largely because residual limb skin (nonvolar) is not intended to bear weight such as palmoplantar (volar) skin. Before evaluation of treatment efficacy to improve skin resiliency, efforts are needed to establish normative data and assess outcome metric reliability. The purpose of this study was to use optical coherence tomography to (i) characterize volar and nonvolar skin epidermal thickness and (ii) examine the reliability of optical coherence tomography. Four orientations of optical coherence tomography images were collected on 33 volunteers (6 with limb loss) at 2 time points, and the epidermis was traced to quantify thickness by 3 evaluators. Epidermal thickness was greater (P \u3c .01) for volar skin (palm) (265.1 ± 50.9 μm, n = 33) than for both nonvolar locations: posterior thigh (89.8 ± 18.1 μm, n = 27) or residual limb (93.4 ± 27.4 μm, n = 6). The inter-rater intraclass correlation coefficient was high for volar skin (0.887–0.956) but low for nonvolar skin (thigh: 0.292–0.391, residual limb: 0.211–0.580). Correlation improved when comparing only 2 evaluators who used the same display technique (palm: 0.827–0.940, thigh: 0.633–0.877, residual limb: 0.213–0.952). Despite poor inter-rater agreement for nonvolar skin, perhaps due to challenges in identifying the dermal–epidermal junction, this study helps to support the utility of optical coherence tomography to distinguish volar from nonvolar skin

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

31st Annual Meeting and Associated Programs of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC 2016) : part two

Background The immunological escape of tumors represents one of the main ob- stacles to the treatment of malignancies. The blockade of PD-1 or CTLA-4 receptors represented a milestone in the history of immunotherapy. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors seem to be effective in specific cohorts of patients. It has been proposed that their efficacy relies on the presence of an immunological response. Thus, we hypothesized that disruption of the PD-L1/PD-1 axis would synergize with our oncolytic vaccine platform PeptiCRAd. Methods We used murine B16OVA in vivo tumor models and flow cytometry analysis to investigate the immunological background. Results First, we found that high-burden B16OVA tumors were refractory to combination immunotherapy. However, with a more aggressive schedule, tumors with a lower burden were more susceptible to the combination of PeptiCRAd and PD-L1 blockade. The therapy signifi- cantly increased the median survival of mice (Fig. 7). Interestingly, the reduced growth of contralaterally injected B16F10 cells sug- gested the presence of a long lasting immunological memory also against non-targeted antigens. Concerning the functional state of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), we found that all the immune therapies would enhance the percentage of activated (PD-1pos TIM- 3neg) T lymphocytes and reduce the amount of exhausted (PD-1pos TIM-3pos) cells compared to placebo. As expected, we found that PeptiCRAd monotherapy could increase the number of antigen spe- cific CD8+ T cells compared to other treatments. However, only the combination with PD-L1 blockade could significantly increase the ra- tio between activated and exhausted pentamer positive cells (p= 0.0058), suggesting that by disrupting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis we could decrease the amount of dysfunctional antigen specific T cells. We ob- served that the anatomical location deeply influenced the state of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes. In fact, TIM-3 expression was in- creased by 2 fold on TILs compared to splenic and lymphoid T cells. In the CD8+ compartment, the expression of PD-1 on the surface seemed to be restricted to the tumor micro-environment, while CD4 + T cells had a high expression of PD-1 also in lymphoid organs. Interestingly, we found that the levels of PD-1 were significantly higher on CD8+ T cells than on CD4+ T cells into the tumor micro- environment (p < 0.0001). Conclusions In conclusion, we demonstrated that the efficacy of immune check- point inhibitors might be strongly enhanced by their combination with cancer vaccines. PeptiCRAd was able to increase the number of antigen-specific T cells and PD-L1 blockade prevented their exhaus- tion, resulting in long-lasting immunological memory and increased median survival