O IMPACTO DAS REDES SOCIAIS NA ANSIEDADE E SAÚDE MENTAL DE JOVENS E ADOLESCENTES

Introdução: O presente estudo explora como jovens e adolescentes lidam com o abuso do uso da internet e das redes sociais nos dias de hoje em relação à saúde mental e em como esse uso pode estar relacionado ao sentimento de ansiedade, a comunicação e seus relacionamentos interpessoais. De acordo com a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios do (PNAD) de 2019, a população brasileira está cada vez mais conectada na internet. Hoje são 82,7% dos domicílios brasileiros com acesso, o que representa um crescimento de 3,6 pontos percentuais em relação a 2018. Em números, cerca de 116 milhões de pessoas, apenas no Brasil faz uso da tecnologia. Com isso nota-se também um crescimento acelerado de jovens e adolescentes com problemas relacionados ao uso das redes sociais. Objetivo Geral: Compreender como se dá essa relação do avanço da tecnologia digital, em específico das redes sociais com o aumento da ansiedade e problemas mentais, sociais e emocionais nos jovens e adolescentes. Objetivos Específicos: Identificar os problemas que as redes sociais causam nos jovens e adolescentes; definir quais os problemas psicológicos gerados diante da mesma e conhecer a melhor maneira de lidar. Metodologia: Esta pesquisa consiste em um estudo do tipo descritivo, realizado por meio da abordagem qualitativa, utilizando de fontes secundárias, através do método indutivo, efetuando as coletas mediante bibliografias nas plataformas: Google Acadêmico e Scielo. Para realizar a coleta bibliográfica foram utilizados artigos do ano de 2014 a 2021. Utilizando palavras-chave como: “rede social”; “ansiedade”; “uso compulsivo”; “depressão”; “dependência”. Foram encontrados 12 (doze) artigos os quais serão objeto de estudo deste trabalho de revisão de literatura. Considerações Parciais: Esta pesquisa que se encontra em andamento, procura contribuir com o estudo e análise dos impactos causados na saúde psíquica de jovens e adolescentes. Em suma, as pesquisas realizadas até o momento mostram que a cada geração as crianças são expostas as redes sociais mais cedo, tornando jovens e adolescentes mais conectados e dependentes das redes sociais, causando sintomas como ansiedade, irritabilidade, distanciamento da vida real e de relações pessoais, se tornando pessoas com baixa autoestima, insatisfeitas com suas vidas e carentes de afeto. Fato que ocorre com mais frequência em adolescentes, por estes ainda não terem desenvolvido a maturidade cerebral, nem competências socioemocionais necessárias. Deste modo, as redes sociais possuem um papel importante na sociedade, aproximando as pessoas, mas também deixa evidente a fragilidade dos estados emocionais dos jovens e adolescentes

Profile of occurrence in the service to elderly people by the mobile pre-hospital care service / Perfil de ocorrência no atendimento aos idosos pelo serviço de atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel

Objetivo: analisar o perfil das ocorrências clínicas e traumatológicas em idosos atendidos pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgências. Métodos: estudo descritivo, transversal, documental retrospectivo, realizado em 359 registros do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência em um município da Paraíba, entre julho de 2017 e julho de 2018. Utilizou-se um instrumento com questões sociodemográfica, natureza da ocorrência e intervenções realizadas. Analisou-se os dados com estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: a maioria das ocorrências acometeram homens de 80 anos ou mais. Os agravos clínicos predominaram em ambos os sexos (79,9%), seguido pelas ocorrências traumáticas (19,4%). Destas, 84,2% foram quedas, 14,3% acidentes e 1,5% afogamento. A Unidade de Suporte Avançado de Vida foi utilizada em 77,2% das ocorrências. As intervenções prevalentes foram a instalação do acesso venoso periférico e a oxigenoterapia. Conclusão: enfatiza-se a necessidade do reconhecimento dos grupos vulneráveis para compreender os aspectos relacionados as ocorrências e implementar medidas preventivas.

A POLÍTICA NACIONAL DE SAÚDE DA PESSOA IDOSA E A SITUAÇÃO EPIDEMIOLÓGICA DAS ISTS NA TERCEIRA IDADE

Introduction: sexual practice in old age, once considered a taboo, is now evidently a reality. Allied to longevity, the advent of sexual stimulants provided greater ease and constancy in sexual practice, associated with a higher incidence of sexually transmitted infections in old age. Therefore, the objective is to review epidemiological data and recent literature regarding this issue. Development: this is an ecological time-series study in which information about involvement by syphilis, hepatitis B and AIDS in old age was used from data recorded in DATASUS. During the period from 2010 to 2021, 75,368 cases of syphilis, 16,333 cases of hepatitis and 24,413 cases of AIDS were reported. The literature highlights the need for health education and public policies in order to prevent and limit infections in old age. Conclusion: understanding the elderly as long-lived and not limited, especially in the sexual aspect, includes understanding the epidemiological situation that affects them as a problem.    Introducción: la práctica sexual en la vejez, antes considerada tabú, es ahora evidentemente una realidad. Aliado a la longevidad, el advenimiento de los estimulantes sexuales proporcionó mayor facilidad y constancia en la práctica sexual, asociada con una mayor incidencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual en los ancianos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo es revisar los datos epidemiológicos y la literatura reciente sobre este problema. Desarrollo: se trata de un estudio ecológico de series temporales en el que se utilizó información sobre la participación de la sífilis, la hepatitis B y el SIDA en ancianos a partir de datos registrados en DATASUS. Durante el período de 2010 a 2021, se notificaron 75.368 casos de sífilis, 16.333 casos de hepatitis y 24.413 casos de SIDA. La literatura destaca la necesidad de educación en salud y políticas públicas para prevenir y limitar las infecciones en los ancianos. Consideraciones finales: entender al anciano como un ser lejano y no limitado, especialmente en el aspecto sexual, incluye comprender la situación epidemiológica que afecta como un problema.  Introdução: a prática sexual na terceira idade, outrora considerada um tabu, agora é evidentemente uma realidade. Aliado à longevidade, o advento dos estimulantes sexuais proporcionou maior facilidade e constância na prática sexual, associado a maior incidência de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na terceira idade. Diante disso, objetiva-se revisar os dados epidemiológicos e a literatura recente no que tange essa problemática. Desenvolvimento: trata-se de um estudo ecológico de série temporal no qual foram utilizadas informações acerca de acometimento por sífilis, hepatite B e AIDS na terceira idade a partir de dados registrados no DATASUS. Durante o período de 2010 a 2021, foram notificados 75.368 casos de sífilis, 16.333 casos de hepatite e 24.413 casos de AIDS. A literatura evidencia a necessidade de educação em saúde e políticas públicas a fim de prevenir e limitar infecções na terceira idade. Considerações finais: entender o idoso como um ser longevo e não limitado, principalmente no aspecto sexual, inclui compreender a situação epidemiológica que incide como um problema.   Introdução: a prática sexual na terceira idade, outrora considerada um tabu, agora é evidentemente uma realidade. Aliado à longevidade, o advento dos estimulantes sexuais proporcionou maior facilidade e constância na prática sexual, associado a maior incidência de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na terceira idade. Diante disso, objetiva-se revisar os dados epidemiológicos e a literatura recente no que tange essa problemática. Desenvolvimento: trata-se de um estudo ecológico de série temporal no qual foram utilizadas informações acerca de acometimento por sífilis, hepatite B e AIDS na terceira idade a partir de dados registrados no DATASUS. Durante o período de 2010 a 2021, foram notificados 75.368 casos de sífilis, 16.333 casos de hepatite e 24.413 casos de AIDS. A literatura evidencia a necessidade de educação em saúde e políticas públicas a fim de prevenir e limitar infecções na terceira idade. Considerações finais: entender o idoso como um ser longevo e não limitado, principalmente no aspecto sexual, inclui compreender a situação epidemiológica que incide como um problema. 

Genome of Herbaspirillum seropedicae Strain SmR1, a Specialized Diazotrophic Endophyte of Tropical Grasses

The molecular mechanisms of plant recognition, colonization, and nutrient exchange between diazotrophic endophytes and plants are scarcely known. Herbaspirillum seropedicae is an endophytic bacterium capable of colonizing intercellular spaces of grasses such as rice and sugar cane. The genome of H. seropedicae strain SmR1 was sequenced and annotated by The Paraná State Genome Programme—GENOPAR. The genome is composed of a circular chromosome of 5,513,887 bp and contains a total of 4,804 genes. The genome sequence revealed that H. seropedicae is a highly versatile microorganism with capacity to metabolize a wide range of carbon and nitrogen sources and with possession of four distinct terminal oxidases. The genome contains a multitude of protein secretion systems, including type I, type II, type III, type V, and type VI secretion systems, and type IV pili, suggesting a high potential to interact with host plants. H. seropedicae is able to synthesize indole acetic acid as reflected by the four IAA biosynthetic pathways present. A gene coding for ACC deaminase, which may be involved in modulating the associated plant ethylene-signaling pathway, is also present. Genes for hemagglutinins/hemolysins/adhesins were found and may play a role in plant cell surface adhesion. These features may endow H. seropedicae with the ability to establish an endophytic life-style in a large number of plant species

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles (MISEV2023): From basic to advanced approaches

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), through their complex cargo, can reflect the state of their cell of origin and change the functions and phenotypes of other cells. These features indicate strong biomarker and therapeutic potential and have generated broad interest, as evidenced by the steady year-on-year increase in the numbers of scientific publications about EVs. Important advances have been made in EV metrology and in understanding and applying EV biology. However, hurdles remain to realising the potential of EVs in domains ranging from basic biology to clinical applications due to challenges in EV nomenclature, separation from non-vesicular extracellular particles, characterisation and functional studies. To address the challenges and opportunities in this rapidly evolving field, the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) updates its 'Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles', which was first published in 2014 and then in 2018 as MISEV2014 and MISEV2018, respectively. The goal of the current document, MISEV2023, is to provide researchers with an updated snapshot of available approaches and their advantages and limitations for production, separation and characterisation of EVs from multiple sources, including cell culture, body fluids and solid tissues. In addition to presenting the latest state of the art in basic principles of EV research, this document also covers advanced techniques and approaches that are currently expanding the boundaries of the field. MISEV2023 also includes new sections on EV release and uptake and a brief discussion of in vivo approaches to study EVs. Compiling feedback from ISEV expert task forces and more than 1000 researchers, this document conveys the current state of EV research to facilitate robust scientific discoveries and move the field forward even more rapidly

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected to be lived in good health, and the complementary measure of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), a composite measure of disease burden capturing both premature mortality and prevalence and severity of ill health, for 359 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories over the past 28 years. Methods We used data for age-specific mortality rates, years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to calculate HALE and DALYs from 1990 to 2017. We calculated HALE using age-specific mortality rates and YLDs per capita for each location, age, sex, and year. We calculated DALYs for 359 causes as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We assessed how observed HALE and DALYs differed by country and sex from expected trends based on Socio-demographic Index (SDI). We also analysed HALE by decomposing years of life gained into years spent in good health and in poor health, between 1990 and 2017, and extra years lived by females compared with males. Findings Globally, from 1990 to 2017, life expectancy at birth increased by 7·4 years (95% uncertainty interval 7·1-7·8), from 65·6 years (65·3-65·8) in 1990 to 73·0 years (72·7-73·3) in 2017. The increase in years of life varied from 5·1 years (5·0-5·3) in high SDI countries to 12·0 years (11·3-12·8) in low SDI countries. Of the additional years of life expected at birth, 26·3% (20·1-33·1) were expected to be spent in poor health in high SDI countries compared with 11·7% (8·8-15·1) in low-middle SDI countries. HALE at birth increased by 6·3 years (5·9-6·7), from 57·0 years (54·6-59·1) in 1990 to 63·3 years (60·5-65·7) in 2017. The increase varied from 3·8 years (3·4-4·1) in high SDI countries to 10·5 years (9·8-11·2) in low SDI countries. Even larger variations in HALE than these were observed between countries, ranging from 1·0 year (0·4-1·7) in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (62·4 years [59·9-64·7] in 1990 to 63·5 years [60·9-65·8] in 2017) to 23·7 years (21·9-25·6) in Eritrea (30·7 years [28·9-32·2] in 1990 to 54·4 years [51·5-57·1] in 2017). In most countries, the increase in HALE was smaller than the increase in overall life expectancy, indicating more years lived in poor health. In 180 of 195 countries and territories, females were expected to live longer than males in 2017, with extra years lived varying from 1·4 years (0·6-2·3) in Algeria to 11·9 years (10·9-12·9) in Ukraine. Of the extra years gained, the proportion spent in poor health varied largely across countries, with less than 20% of additional years spent in poor health in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, and Slovakia, whereas in Bahrain all the extra years were spent in poor health. In 2017, the highest estimate of HALE at birth was in Singapore for both females (75·8 years [72·4-78·7]) and males (72·6 years [69·8-75·0]) and the lowest estimates were in Central African Republic (47·0 years [43·7-50·2] for females and 42·8 years [40·1-45·6] for males). Globally, in 2017, the five leading causes of DALYs were neonatal disorders, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, lower respiratory infections, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 41·3% (38·8-43·5) for communicable diseases and by 49·8% (47·9-51·6) for neonatal disorders. For non-communicable diseases, global DALYs increased by 40·1% (36·8-43·0), although age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 18·1% (16·0-20·2)

Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. Background A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita. Findings In 2016, HAQ Index performance spanned from a high of 97·1 (95% UI 95·8-98·1) in Iceland, followed by 96·6 (94·9-97·9) in Norway and 96·1 (94·5-97·3) in the Netherlands, to values as low as 18·6 (13·1-24·4) in the Central African Republic, 19·0 (14·3-23·7) in Somalia, and 23·4 (20·2-26·8) in Guinea-Bissau. The pace of progress achieved between 1990 and 2016 varied, with markedly faster improvements occurring between 2000 and 2016 for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, whereas several countries in Latin America and elsewhere saw progress stagnate after experiencing considerable advances in the HAQ Index between 1990 and 2000. Striking subnational disparities emerged in personal health-care access and quality, with China and India having particularly large gaps between locations with the highest and lowest scores in 2016. In China, performance ranged from 91·5 (89·1-93·6) in Beijing to 48·0 (43·4-53·2) in Tibet (a 43·5-point difference), while India saw a 30·8-point disparity, from 64·8 (59·6-68·8) in Goa to 34·0 (30·3-38·1) in Assam. Japan recorded the smallest range in subnational HAQ performance in 2016 (a 4·8-point difference), whereas differences between subnational locations with the highest and lowest HAQ Index values were more than two times as high for the USA and three times as high for England. State-level gaps in the HAQ Index in Mexico somewhat narrowed from 1990 to 2016 (from a 20·9-point to 17·0-point difference), whereas in Brazil, disparities slightly increased across states during this time (a 17·2-point to 20·4-point difference). Performance on the HAQ Index showed strong linkages to overall development, with high and high-middle SDI countries generally having higher scores and faster gains for non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, countries across the development spectrum saw substantial gains in some key health service areas from 2000 to 2016, most notably vaccine-preventable diseases. Overall, national performance on the HAQ Index was positively associated with higher levels of total health spending per capita, as well as health systems inputs, but these relationships were quite heterogeneous, particularly among low-to-middle SDI countries. Interpretation GBD 2016 provides a more detailed understanding of past success and current challenges in improving personal health-care access and quality worldwide. Despite substantial gains since 2000, many low-SDI and middle- SDI countries face considerable challenges unless heightened policy action and investments focus on advancing access to and quality of health care across key health services, especially non-communicable diseases. Stagnating or minimal improvements experienced by several low-middle to high-middle SDI countries could reflect the complexities of re-orienting both primary and secondary health-care services beyond the more limited foci of the Millennium Development Goals. Alongside initiatives to strengthen public health programmes, the pursuit of universal health coverage hinges upon improving both access and quality worldwide, and thus requires adopting a more comprehensive view - and subsequent provision - of quality health care for all populations

Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors 2017 includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data. METHODS: We estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting