Phenol adsorption onto coffee waste - granular activated carbon: kinetics and equilibrium studies in aqueous solutions

abstract In this research, the production of granular activated carbon from coffee waste (CW) by chemical activation with zinc chloride was studied by using a 23 factorial design with the three responses (surface area, yield, and hardness) and studying three factors (the activation temperature, activation time, and impregnation ratio). The findings expose that after the experimental design, the highest response values were achieved at an activation temperature of 600°C, an activation time of 40 min, and an impregnation ratio of 1.5 g ZnCl2 g–1 CW. At these conditions, the experimental tests produced a surface area of 1,279 m2 g–1. Batch studies of phenol adsorption onto coffee waste-activated carbon (CW-GAC) were performed at different solution pH, stirring speeds, and initial phenol concentrations. The maximum phenol adsorption capacity onto CW-GAC was 160.52 mg g−1 at pH 7. The adsorption kinetics was affected by stirring speed, the required time to achieve equilibrium decreased from 150 to 120 min when stirring speed varied from 200 to 400 min–1. Film and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms controlled the adsorption of phenol onto CW-GAC. Finally, the porous material developed in this research is capable of sequestering phenol from aqueous solutions to a higher extent than similar lignocellulosic-based activated carbons. Keywords: Adsorption; Coffee; Factorial experimental design; Granular activated carbon; Lignocellulosic wast

Dynamic Penalty Based GA for Inducing Fuzzy Inference Systems

Abstract. Fuzzy based models have been used in many areas of research. One issue with these models is that rule bases have the potential for indiscriminant growth. Inference systems with large number of rules can be overspecified, have model comprehension issues and suffer from bad performance. In this research we investigate the use of a genetic algorithm towards the generation of a fuzzy inference system (FIS). We propose using a GA with a dynamic penalty function to manage the rule size of the fuzzy inference system (FIS) while maintaining the exploration of good rules. We apply this method towards the generation of a fuzzy classifier for the search of metabolic pathways. The GA based FIS includes novel mutation and a penalty based fitness scheme which enables the generation of an efficient and compact set of fuzzy rules. Encouraging implementation results are presented for this method as compared with other classification methods. This method should be applicable to a variety of other modelling and classification problems

Seminario de Economía Mexicana

Serie de ponencias referentes al Seminario de Economía Mexicana. Memorias del Seminario de Economía Mexicana de 199

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Remoción de metales pesados con carbón activado como soporte de biomasa

El incremento en los niveles de contaminación del agua por metales pesados ha resultado en un aumento en la investigación y el desarrollo de métodos más efectivos para su eliminació

Modelación de un tratamiento avanzado de aguas residuales, provenientes de una planta de envasado, usando las metodologías de análisis de superficie de respuesta (ASR) y de redes neuronales (RNA)

El agua residual estudiada fue obtenida de una planta productora de latas, localizada en el centro de la República Mexicana. Esta agua residual fue caracterizada y tratada a nivel laboratorio y planta piloto usando procesos de coagulación y floculación. Tres coagulantes y dos floculantes fueron usados en seis combinaciones y un diseño factorial, así como un análisis de superficie de respuesta (ASR) fueron llevados a cabo para explorar los efectos de pH, concentraciones de coagulante y floculante y velocidad de agitación. Del mismo modo pruebas de sedimentación en columna fueron llevadas a cabo, a las mejores condiciones de operación, para determinar el tiempo de detención para la planta piloto. Estas condiciones fueron utilizadas para construir una planta piloto para tratar 15.14 L/min, la cual incluye una membrana de ósmosis inversa (OI). En la prueba de jarras, las mejores condiciones de remoción UNT con cero turbidez fueron alcanzadas por la combinación de A12(SO.),-NALCO 9907, a l00 min-1 Y pH ácido. En la planta piloto fue requerido un tiempo de detención de 2 horas para remover el l00 % de los sólidos suspendidos en el tanque de sedimentación. La unidad de OI permitió el incremento de remoción de los sólidos totales disueltos a 96.1 % permitiendo una recuperación máxima de agua residual de casi 72 %. Los datos de la unidad de OI fueron exitosamente modelados mediante redes neuroua1es artificiales (ANN). Una red de custro capas alimentada hacia adelante con un algoritmo de propagación hacia atrás fue usada para entrenar todos los modelos de RNA. Los datos esperados y experimentales fueron bien correlacionados y fue alcanzado un coeficiente de determinación de 0.99

Organización social para el ceremonial. Num. 34 (2005) Vol. 12 mayo-agosto. Cuicuilco Revista de la Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia

- Presentación - Dossier: - Cargos y familias entre los mazahuas y otomíes del Estado de México, por Felipe González Ortiz - Etnicidad, cargos y adscripciones religiosas en dos comunidades indígenas del Estado de México, por Reyes Luciano Álvarez - La montaña sagrada ñähñu (otomí), por James W. Dow - Conflictos y sistema de cargos en una comunidad purhépecha de Michoacán, por Leticia Mayorga Sánchez - Variaciones del sistema de cargos y la organización comunitaria para el ceremonial en la etnorregión purépecha, por Hilario Topete Lara - Miscelánea: - Huellas de enfermedades en esqueletos de personas ancianas: comparación entre dos muestras con cultura diferente, por Josefina Mansilla Lory, Carmen María Pijoan Aguadé y María Elena Salas Cuesta - La deshumanización por la palabra, el sometimiento por la ley. Paralelismos discursivos sobre la cuestión indígena en los Estados Unidos y el cono sur, siglos XVIII- XIX, por Florencia Roulet y Pedro Navarro - El Movimiento de Renovación Carismática en el sector rural y urbano del centro de Veracruz: interacción social, impacto social e identidad, por Iván Barrera Lara - Vida en los márgenes: la experiencia corporal como anclaje identitario entre sexoservidores de la ciudad de Xalapa, Veracruz, por Rosío Córdova Plaza - Reseñas: - Hablar de otros. Miradas y voces del mundo tepehua, por Carlos Guadalupe Heiras Rodríguez - The Political Landscape. Constellations of Authority in Early Complex Polities, por Stephen Castillo Bernal

A Coffee Berry Borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Bibliography

Native to Africa, the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), has gradually invaded most coffee-growing areas worldwide. Adult females colonize the coffee berry and oviposit within galleries in the coffee seeds. Larvae and adults consume the seeds, resulting in drastic reductions in yields and quality, negatively affecting the income of approximately 20 million coffee-growing families (~100 million people) in ~80 countries, with losses surpassing more than $500 million annually (Vega et al. 2015). It has become evident that the coffee berry borer scientific community could greatly benefit from having access to a bibliography of the literature related to the insect. Such an information source would allow scientists to find out what research areas have been explored throughout the many coffee berry borer-infested countries after more than 100 years of research on the topic. It could also help to direct lead future research efforts into novel areas, and away from topics and ideas that have been thoroughly investigated in the past

Prácticas educativas, pedagogía e interculturalidad

Estas páginas constituyen las Memorias del V Congreso Internacional de Etnografía y Educación. Prácticas educativas, pedagogía e interculturalidad (2020) convocado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana del Ecuador. En el Congreso participaron investigadores, docentes y estudiantes de México, Argentina, Brasil, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Antillas, Estados Unidos, Canadá, Italia, Francia y España con ponencias sobre tres ejes temáticos: Educación, sociedad y política; Escuela, diversidades y exclusiones; y Avances teóricos y metodológicos de la investigación etnográfica en educación. Más de 60 trabajos que amplían las reflexiones y que abren la discusión, desde la antropología y la pedagogía, hacia la construcción de una educación intercultural

Compilación de Proyectos de Investigacion de 1984-2002

Instituto Politecnico Nacional. UPIICS