Visual generational genres

Chapter 7 considers the role of generational literacies and etiquettes around visual genres. For example in our study, younger participants tended to take and share more pictures, while older participants tended to take less but comment more on their children’s images. Here, generational understandings of co-present gift giving rituals can be found

Las cumbres iberoamericanas (1991 y 2018) y la escenificación de la política exterior latinoamericana: la construcción de un espacio común en el contexto internacional

The institutionalization of Latin American summits initiates the construction of a common Latin American space focused on meetings (representation by the highest level of officials), dialogue and cooperation between Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries. If for Spain summits are a key instrument in staging its leadership within the heart of the European community, for Latin American countries, they represent a relevant platform for bringing the voice of Latin America to the world stage. Through a quanti-qualitative method supported by the case study method and intramethod triangulation, the objective of this investigation is to analyze the Latin American summits organized between 1991 and 2018 as space-time frameworks specifically designed, through the organization of official functions, to reflect the established power system, the distribution of forces that comprise it and its social and symbolic intentionality in an international setting. The results show the Latin American summits as international forums strategically constructed to channel bidirectional processes of institutional communication capable of reflecting the economic and political importance of the Latin American community in an international context. _______________________________ The institutionalization of Latin American summits initiates the construction of a common Latin American space focused on meetings (representation by the highest level of officials), dialogue and cooperation between Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries. If for Spain summits are a key instrument in staging its leadership within the heart of the European community, for Latin American countries, they represent a relevant platform for bringing the voice of Latin America to the world stage. Through a quanti-qualitative method supported by the case study method and intramethod triangulation, the objective of this investigation is to analyze the Latin American summits organized between 1991 and 2018 as space-time frameworks specifically designed, through the organization of official functions, to reflect the established power system, the distribution of forces that comprise it and its social and symbolic intentionality in an international setting. The results show the Latin American summits as international forums strategically constructed to channel bidirectional processes of institutional communication capable of reflecting the economic and political importance of the Latin American community in an international context.La institucionalización de las Cumbres Iberoamericanas, inicia la construcción de un espacio común latinoamericano orientado al encuentro (al máximo nivel de representación), diálogo y cooperación entre los países de habla española y portuguesa. Si para España las cumbres constituyen un instrumento clave para escenificar su liderazgo en el seno de la comunidad europea, para los países latinoamericanos representa una relevante plataforma que permite llevar la voz de América Latina al escenario internacional. A través de un diseño metodológico cuanticualitativo sustentado en el método del estudio de caso y la triangulación intramétodos, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las cumbres iberoamericanas organizadas entre 1991 y 2018, como marcos espacio-temporales específicamente diseñados, a través de las técnicas de organización de actos, para reflejar el sistema de poder establecido, la distribución de fuerzas que lo componen y su intencionalidad social y simbólica en el entramado internacional. Los resultados muestran las cumbres iberoamericanas como foros internacionales construidos estratégicamente para canalizar procesos bidireccionales de gestión de la comunicación institucional capaces de reflejar el peso político y económico de la comunidad latinoamericana en el contexto internacional.

The Ibero-American Summits (1991 and 2018) and the Staging of Latin American Foreign Policy: The Construction of a Common Space in the International Context

La institucionalización de las Cumbres Iberoamericanas, inicia la construcción de un espacio común latinoamericano orientado al encuentro (al máximo nivel de representación), diálogo y cooperación entre los países de habla española y portuguesa. Si para España las cumbres constituyen un instrumento clave para escenificar su liderazgo en el seno de la comunidad europea, para los países latinoamericanos representa una relevante plataforma que permite llevar la voz de América Latina al escenario internacional. A través de un diseño metodológico cuanticualitativo sustentado en el método del estudio de caso y la triangulación intramétodos, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar las cumbres iberoamericanas organizadas entre 1991 y 2018, como marcos espacio-temporales específicamente diseñados, a través de las técnicas de organización de actos, para reflejar el sistema de poder establecido, la distribución de fuerzas que lo componen y su intencionalidad social y simbólica en el entramado internacional. Los resultados muestran las cumbres iberoamericanas como foros internacionales construidos estratégicamente para canalizar procesos bidireccionales de gestión de la comunicación institucional capaces de reflejar el peso político y económico de la comunidad latinoamericana en el contexto internacional.The institutionalization of Latin American summits initiates the construction of a common Latin American space focused on meetings (representation by the highest level of officials), dialogue and cooperation between Spanish and Portuguese-speaking countries. If for Spain summits are a key instrument in staging its leadership within the heart of the European community, for Latin American countries, they represent a relevant platform for bringing the voice of Latin America to the world stage. Through a quanti-qualitative method supported by the case study method and intramethod triangulation, the objective of this investigation is to analyze the Latin American summits organized between 1991 and 2018 as space-time frameworks specifically designed, through the organization of official functions, to reflect the established power system, the distribution of forces that comprise it and its social and symbolic intentionality in an international setting. The results show the Latin American summits as international forums strategically constructed to channel bidirectional processes of institutional communication capable of reflecting the economic and political importance of the Latin American community in an international context

rac-4-(2-Meth­oxy­phen­yl)-2,6-dimethyl­cyclo­hex-3-ene­carb­oxy­lic acid

The title compound, C16H20O3, was synthesized to study the hydrogen-bonding inter­actions of the two enanti­omers in the solid state. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds produce centrosymmetric R 2 2(8) rings which dimerize the two chiral enanti­omers together through their carboxyl groups

BikeNet: Preventing theft, building community

This report discusses the Save the Bike Project and the BikeNet App, and the ways it helps prevent and recover stolen bikes.Ope

Zn2+ ion surface enrichment in doped iron oxide nanoparticles leads to charge carrier density enhancement

Here, we report the development of monodisperse Zn-doped iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with different amounts of Zn (ZnxFe3-xO4, 0 < x < 0.43) by thermal decomposition of a mixture of zinc and iron oleates. The as-synthesized NPs show a considerable fraction of wüstite (FeO) which is transformed to spinel upon 2 h oxidation of the NP reaction solutions. At any Zn doping amounts, we observed the enrichment of the NP surface with Zn2+ ions, which is enhanced at higher Zn loadings. Such a distribution of Zn2+ ions is attributed to the different thermal decomposition profiles of Zn and Fe oleates, with Fe oleate decomposing at much lower temperature than that of Zn oleate. The decomposition of Zn oleate is, in turn, catalyzed by a forming iron oxide phase. The magnetic properties were found to be strongly dependent on the Zn doping amounts, showing the saturation magnetization to decrease by 9 and 20% for x = 0.05 and 0.1, respectively. On the other hand, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy near the Fermi level demonstrates that the Zn0.05Fe2.95O4 sample displays a more metallic character (a higher charge carrier density) than undoped iron oxide NPs, supporting its use as a spintronic material

Sensory geographies and defamiliarisation: migrant women encounter Brighton Beach

This article’s starting point is a sensory, reflexive walk taken on Brighton seafront and beach, by fourteen migrant women and some of their children. It goes on to open up a wider discussion about the cultural politics and affective resonances, for refugees and migrants, of beaches. By discussing their sensory experiences of the beach, we begin to understand their ‘ostranenie’, or defamiliarisation, of making the familiar strange. We also see how evocative such sense-making can be, as the women compare their past lives to this, perceiving their lifeworld through a filter of migrancy. The article goes onto discuss the broader cultural symbolism of beaches, which are a site of contestation over national values, boundaries, and belonging. As well as discussing sensory methodology in this article, and explaining the locale of Brighton Beach itself, it concludes with some wider thinking of the cultural politics of beach spaces and migrant perceptions

PI3Kγ is a molecular switch that controls immune suppression

Macrophages play critical, but opposite, roles in acute and chronic inflammation and cancer1,2,3,4,5. In response to pathogens or injury, inflammatory macrophages express cytokines that stimulate cytotoxic T cells, whereas macrophages in neoplastic and parasitic diseases express anti-inflammatory cytokines that induce immune suppression and may promote resistance to T cell checkpoint inhibitors1,2,3,4,5,6,7. Here we show that macrophage PI 3-kinase γ controls a critical switch between immune stimulation and suppression during inflammation and cancer. PI3Kγ signalling through Akt and mTor inhibits NFκB activation while stimulating C/EBPβ activation, thereby inducing a transcriptional program that promotes immune suppression during inflammation and tumour growth. By contrast, selective inactivation of macrophage PI3Kγ stimulates and prolongs NFκB activation and inhibits C/EBPβ activation, thus promoting an immunostimulatory transcriptional program that restores CD8+ T cell activation and cytotoxicity. PI3Kγ synergizes with checkpoint inhibitor therapy to promote tumour regression and increased survival in mouse models of cancer. In addition, PI3Kγ-directed, anti-inflammatory gene expression can predict survival probability in cancer patients. Our work thus demonstrates that therapeutic targeting of intracellular signalling pathways that regulate the switch between macrophage polarization states can control immune suppression in cancer and other disorders

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018):a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points