Eficacia en la técnica de restauración atraumática.

Introducción Un nuevo conjuntode criterios para evaluarlacalidad de las restauraciones utilizandomodernosmateriales, llamados criteriosFDI se han introducido recientemente. En este estudio se comprobó la hipótesis que basados en los parámetros de la FDI, la técnica de restauración atraumática es eficaz en niños que acuden a la clínica de Esquípulas en Chiapas después de 6 meses de haber sido colocada. Materiales y Métodos Se seleccionaron a 30 de los 89 niños tratados durante la primera campaña de Odontopediatría y se colocaron un total de 110tratamientos con códigos 5 y 6 del índice ICDAS, piezas que fueron obturadas con ionómero de vidrio (Vitremer 3M). El operador usando los parámetros de la FDI evaluó las restauraciones al término de la misma y a los 6 meses. Se tomaron fotografías a los mismos tiempos señalados por si surgía la duda. Los análisis estadísticos se realizaron utilizando el programa estadístico SPSS (StaticProgram Social Sciencs Versión 19). Los resultados de la supervivencia de las restauraciones se evaluaron a través de los parámetros de la FDI (p= 0.95) y no hubo una diferencia significativa. Conclusiones Se llego a la conclusión de que la técnica de restauración atraumática en pacientes que acuden a la clínica de Esquípulas en Chiapas tienen un 79.2% de efectividad observándolas al término y después de 6 meses de esto. Por lo tanto se considera una muy buena alternativa de tratamiento

Diet of Engystomops pustulosus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from Colombia and current knowledge of its dietary

Investigamos la dieta de Engystomops pustulosus de una población del valle medio del río Magdalena, incluyendo una evaluación del efecto del tamaño del cuerpo y de la cabeza sobre el número y volumen de presas. Presentamos el estado actual de conocimiento sobre la dieta de E. pustulosus a partir de información publicada más nuestros datos. Encontramos un total de 400 presas representando dos phyla, Arthropoda y Mollusca; siete órdenes y nueve familias de invertebrados. Los artrópodos, principalmente insectos, fueron las presas más frecuentes en la dieta. Entre los artrópodos, Acari e Isoptera fueron numéricamente dominantes. No se observaron efectos del tamaño del cuerpo y la cabeza sobre el número y volumen de presas. La literatura publicada sobre la dieta de E. pustulosus incluyó 66 taxones presas, entre los que Isoptera, Acari y Formicidae fueron los grupos más comunes, lo que sugiere una especialización en la dieta. Las presas consumidas por E. pustulosus varían entre localidades; Blattodea, Orthoptera y Thysanoptera, son únicos en algunas localidades. Estudios más detallados de la disponibilidad de presas y dietas asociadas a los cambios en el uso del suelo en mas localidades geográficas contribuirá a una mejor comprensión de las interacciones depredador-presa en estos entornos antropogénicos.Investigamos a dieta de Engystomops pustulosus de uma população do vale médio do rio Magdalena, incluindo uma avaliação do efeito do tamanho do corpo e da cabeça sobre o número e o volume das presas. Apresentamos o estado atual do conhecimento sobre a dieta de E. pustulosus com base em informações publicadas e em nossos próprios dados. Encontramos um total de 400 itens alimentares representando os filos Arthropoda e Mollusca; sete ordens e nove famílias de invertebrados. Artrópodes, principalmente insetos, foram os itens mais frequentes na dieta. Entre os artrópodes, Acari e Isoptera foram numericamente dominantes. Não foram observados efeitos do tamanho do corpo e da cabeça sobre o número e o volume de presas. A literatura publicada sobre a dieta de E. pustulosus incluiu 66 táxons, entre os quais Isoptera, Acari e Formicidae foram os grupos mais comuns, sugerindo especialização na dieta. Os itens consumidos variaram entre as localidades; Blattodea, Orthoptera e Thysanoptera foram exclusivos de algumas localidades. Estudos mais detalhados da disponibilidade de presas e dietas associadas a mudanças no uso do solo em mais localidades geográficas contribuirão para uma melhor compreensão das interações predador-presanesses ambientes antropogênicos.We investigated the diet of Engystomops pustulosus from a population in the Middle Magdalena River valley, including an evaluation of theeffect of body and head size on prey number and volume. We present the current state of knowledge of the diet of E. pustulosus from published information in addition to our data. We found a total of 400 prey items representing two phyla, Arthropoda and Mollusca; seven orders and nine families were detected. Arthropods, mainly insects, were the most frequent prey in the diet. Among arthropods, Acari and Isoptera were numerically dominant. We did not observe effects of body and head size on prey number and volume. The published literature of the diet of E. pustulosus included 66 prey items, among which Isoptera (termites), Acari, and Formicidae were the most common groups, suggesting dietary specialization. Prey items consumed by E. pustulosus varied among different localities; Blattodea, Orthoptera, and Thysanoptera were unique at certain localities. Further study of prey availability and diets associated with land-use changes across majorgeographic localities will contribute to a better understanding of the predator-prey interactions in these anthropogenic environments

El género desde una mirada infantil

El presente trabajo de investigación se abordó bajo un enfoque cualitativo y trabajó las representaciones sociales de género que tienen los niños y las niñas en la institución educativa Remigio Antonio Cañarte, sede el Poblado en la ciudad de Pereira. Se analizaron las características propias de este término desde los discursos e interacciones que surgen en el aula. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comprender las representaciones sociales de género que tienen los niños y las niñas de grado 5B de la institución educativa Remigio Antonio Cañarte, sede el Poblado, desde el análisis de sus discursos e interacciones en el aula. Con este fin, la pregunta de investigación fue la siguiente: ¿Cuáles son las representaciones sociales que tienen los niños y las niñas sobre género de grado 5B de la institución educativa Remigio Antonio Cañarte, sede el Poblado?. En este contexto, las representaciones sociales se entienden como todos los imaginarios, las valoraciones e ideales que rodean al término de género. La pregunta de investigación se respondió a través de la aplicación de una evaluación diagnóstica, entrevista semiestructurada y una unidad didáctica. Estos, se dividieron en 3 sesiones enfocadas en las categorías de género como: los roles de género, los estereotipos y la igualdad de género. Las respuestas obtenidas mostraron que los y las estudiantes reconocen el término de género y sus categorías, y lo relacionan con sus vivencias y experiencias en la vida cotidiana, e igualmente evidencian avances significativos en torno a promover la igualdad de género. Estos resultados indican que los contextos como la escuela, la familia y la sociedad tienen una fuerte influencia sobre la forma en que los niños y niñas perciben las representaciones sociales sobre género.The present research work was approached under a qualitative approach and worked on the social representations of gender that boys and girls have in the Remigio Antonio Cañarte educational institution, located in El Poblado in the city of Pereira. The characteristics of this term were analyzed from the discourses and interactions that arise in the classroom. The objective of this research was to understand the social representations of gender that boys and girls in grade 5B of the Remigio Antonio Cañarte educational institution, El Poblado, have from the analysis of their discourses and interactions in the classroom. To this end, the research question was the following: What are the social representations that boys and girls have about gender in grade 5B of the Remigio Antonio Cañarte educational institution, located in El Poblado? In this context, social representations are understood as all the imaginaries, valuations and ideals that surround the term gender. The research question was answered through the application of a diagnostic evaluation, a semi-structured interview and a didactic unit. These were divided into 3 sessions focused on gender categories such as: gender roles, stereotypes and gender equality. The answers obtained showed that the students recognize the term gender and its categories, and relate it to their experiences in daily life, and also evidenced significant progress in promoting gender equality. These results indicate that contexts such as school, family, and society have a strong influence on the way in which boys and girls perceive social representations of genderPregradoLicenciado(a) en Educación Básica PrimariaTabla de contenido 1. Planteamiento del problema 7 2. Referente Teórico 28 2.2 El género 29 2.3 Estereotipos 31 2.4 Roles de género 33 2. 5 Igualdad de género 34 3. Metodología 35 3.1 Enfoque cualitativo 35 3.2 Tipo de investigación 35 3.3 Unidad de análisis 36 3.4 Unidad de trabajo 37 3.6 Instrumentos 41 3.7 Procedimiento 39 4. Análisis de la información 42 4.1 Análisis de primer nivel 42 4.2 Análisis de segundo nivel 66 5.Resultados 78 6. Conclusiones 82 7. Recomendaciones 85 Bibliografía 8

Quality of life of patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma initiating first-line chemotherapy in routine practice

Background: Despite advances in surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, pancreatic adenocarcinoma often progresses rapidly and causes death. The physical decline of these patients is expected to impact their quality of life (QoL). Therefore, in addition to objective measures of effectiveness, the evaluation of health-related QoL should be considered a matter of major concern when assessing therapy outcomes. Methods: Observational, prospective, multicenter study including patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma who started first-line chemotherapy in 12 Spanish centers. Treatment and clinical characteristics were recorded at baseline. Patients' health-related quality of life, ECOG, and Karnofsky index were measured at baseline, at Days 15 and 30, and every four weeks up to 6months of chemotherapy. Health-related quality of life was measured using the EORTC-QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D questionnaires. Other endpoints included overall survival and progression-free survival. Results: The study sample included 116 patients (median age of 65years). Mean (SD) scores for the QLQ-C30 global health status scale showed a significant increasing trend throughout the treatment (p=0.005). Patients with either a Karnofsky index of 70-80 or ECOG 2 showed greater improvement in the QLQ-C30 global health status score than the corresponding groups with better performance status (p 50 at baseline had significantly greater overall survival and progression-free survival (p=0.005 and p=0.021, respectively). No significant associations were observed regarding the EQ-5D score. Conclusions: Most metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients receiving first-line chemotherapy showed an increase in health-related quality of life scores throughout the treatment. Patients with lower performance status and health-related quality of life at baseline tended to greater improvement. The EORTC QLQ-C30 scale allowed us to measure the health-related quality of life of metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients receiving first-line chemotherapy

Chemical Changes Associated with Increased Acid Resistance of Er:YAG Laser Irradiated Enamel

Background. An increase in the acid resistance of dental enamel, as well as morphological and structural changes produced by Er:YAG laser irradiation, has been reported. Purpose. To evaluate the chemical changes associated with acid resistance of enamel treated with Er:YAG laser. Methods. Forty-eight enamel samples were divided into 4 groups (n=12). Group I (control); Groups II, III, and IV were irradiated with Er:YAG at 100 mJ (12.7 J/cm2), 200 mJ (25.5 J/cm2), and 300 mJ (38.2 J/cm2), respectively. Results. There were significant differences in composition of irradiated groups (with the exception of chlorine) and in the amount of calcium released. Conclusions. Chemical changes associated with an increase in acid resistance of enamel treated with Er:YAG laser showed a clear postirradiation pattern characterized by a decrease in C at.% and an increase in O, P, and Ca at.% and no changes in Cl at.%. An increased Ca/P ratio after Er:YAG laser irradiation was associated with the use of higher laser energy densities. Chemical changes produced by acid dissolution showed a similar trend among experimental groups. Stable or increased Ca/P ratio after acid dissolution was observed in the irradiated groups, with reduction of Ca released into the acid solution

Spatio-temporal dynamics of Plasmodium falciparum transmission within a spatial unit on the Colombian Pacific Coast

Funder: Newton-Caldas Fund Institutional Links, British Council, award G1854Funder: Newton-Caldas Fund Institutional Links, British Council, award G1854; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, awards HERMES 35988, 32309Abstract: As malaria control programmes concentrate their efforts towards malaria elimination a better understanding of malaria transmission patterns at fine spatial resolution units becomes necessary. Defining spatial units that consider transmission heterogeneity, human movement and migration will help to set up achievable malaria elimination milestones and guide the creation of efficient operational administrative control units. Using a combination of genetic and epidemiological data we defined a malaria transmission unit as the area contributing 95% of malaria cases diagnosed at the catchment facility located in the town of Guapi in the South Pacific Coast of Colombia. We provide data showing that P. falciparum malaria transmission is heterogeneous in time and space and analysed, using topological data analysis, the spatial connectivity, at the micro epidemiological level, between parasite populations circulating within the unit. To illustrate the necessity to evaluate the efficacy of malaria control measures within the transmission unit in order to increase the efficiency of the malaria control effort, we provide information on the size of the asymptomatic reservoir, the nature of parasite genotypes associated with drug resistance as well as the frequency of the Pfhrp2/3 deletion associated with false negatives when using Rapid Diagnostic Tests

Os mártires e a cristianização do território na América portuguesa, séculos XVI e XVII

O artigo investiga um grupo de atores sociais bastante relevante para viabilizar a cristianização na América portuguesa: os mártires cristãos, indivíduos muito especiais, dispostos a regar a terra com seu próprio sangue, de forma a tornar definitiva e irreversível a ocupação cristã do território. Os mártires - e principalmente a narrativa em torno deles - parecem ter sido bastante acionados para integrar a América portuguesa e seus habitantes nativos à temporalidade e territorialidade cristã. Os mártires dos séculos XVI e XVII, principalmente missionários, reeditavam os martírios do início da cristandade, que espalharam o cristianismo rumo a diversas partes do mundo na antiguidade. Dessa forma, viabilizaram a cristianização das novas fronteiras, consagrando o solo com seu sangue divino e viabilizando posteriores processos de urbanização. Além da função estratégica dos mártires para os cristãos, o texto mostra que eles também tiveram significado peculiar na interlocução com as culturas ameríndias, que tinha como um de seus principais personagens o grande guerreiro, disposto a perder seu sangue em prol de seu grupo.This paper looks into a group of social agents who played a significant role in the Christianization of Portuguese America, namely, the Christian martyrs - very special individuals who were ready to wet the land with their own blood in order to make possible a definitive and irreversible occupation of the territory by Christian settlers. The martyrs, and above all the stories told about them, seem to have been called upon to integrate Portuguese America and its native inhabitants into the temporalities and territory of Christendom. Mostly made up of missionaries, this group of 16th and 17th-century martyrs reedited the martyrdom of early Christians, who spread their creed across numerous parts of the Ancient World. They enabled the Christianization of new frontiers by consecrating the soil with their divine blood and paving the way for subsequent processes of urban development. In addition to their strategic significance for Christianity, the text also shows that their martyrdom played a specific role in the Christian settlers' interaction with Amerindian culture, whose main cults included the figure of the great warrior, ever ready to shed his own blood for his group

Estudios de la tuberculosis desde la Sucursal del Cielo

PublishedEste libro está dirigido a la comunidad académica, científica y en general a aquellas personas interesadas en ampliar sus conocimientos sobre la tuberculosis. Iniciamos con una revisión general de la evolución de las metodologías diagnósticas. Posteriormente, destacamos diferentes trabajos de investigación realizados en Cali y el Valle del Cauca en torno a la tuberculosis, resaltando herramientas empleadas para la vigilancia epidemiológica de la enfermedad, así como el estudio de la tuberculosis en población vulnerable (tuberculosis infantil y la incidencia de esta enfermedad en trabajadores de la salud en los últimos años en Cali). Este libro resalta la necesidad de entender el enfoque humano que rodea esta enfermedad, en esa dirección los dos últimos capítulos los enfocamos en las creencias sobre la tuberculosis y la interacción del paciente con las entidades prestadoras de servicios de salud. Esperamos que nuestro libro genere importantes aportes a aquellos que se involucran en el estudio de esta enfermedad que ha acompañado al hombre probablemente desde su presencia en el planeta y sea, además, el insumo de futuros investigadores en las diversas áreas del conocimiento que confluyen en el entendimiento de esta enfermedad infecciosa

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements