In Search of Terms: An Empirical Approach to Lexicography

In the framework of a more general research project on the place and role of terms (i.e. lexical items belonging to languages for special purposes) in general dictionaries, an empirical study was undertaken with different categories of users of such dictionaries - language experts, scientists and the general public. The purpose of the study was to investigate the use they make of documentary and dictionary resources to find the terms they need. This paper will present some of the results of the survey conducted and examine the impact that these results could have on the practice of lexicography.Dans le cadre d’un travail portant plus largement sur la place et le rôle des termes (c’est-à-dire des mots appartenant aux langues de spécialité) dans les dictionnaires généraux, une étude empirique a été menée auprès de diverses catégories d’utilisateurs de ce type de dictionnaires, parmi lesquelles des scientifiques, des langagiers et des utilisateurs du grand public, pour analyser leur pratique actuelle en matière d’utilisation des ressources documentaires et dictionnairiques pour la recherche des termes. Nous nous proposons ici d’exposer les résultats de cette enquête, et de voir quel impact ceux-ci pourraient avoir sur la pratique lexicographique actuelle

The phraseology of the language of wine in English and Spanish

According to Sinclair (2000: 197), about 80% of the words in discourse are chosen according to the co-selection principle rather than for purely syntactic or grammatical reasons. Thus, the analysis of how words co-select or combine with other words is a necessary focus of study for any linguist. In other words, the study of phraseology is an essential part of the study of language. This is especially true of specialized languages, where it is not enough to know the terminology of a discipline, but where one also needs to know their contextualised use in order to produce technically stylistic texts either in the original language or in translation. In this paper, after defining what we mean by phraseological units, we will examine the phraseology of the language of wine in English and Spanish, using a comparable corpus of wine tasting notes. We will analyze phraseological units for key wine tasting terms from the point of view of form and meaning, comparing and contrasting our findings for the two languages under study

How specific wine tasting descriptors are?

Producción CientíficaAlthough wine tasting notes are a specialized genre in the field of Oenology, with their own rhetoric and language, some of the elements describing the language of wine are by no means as specialized as that of most other specialized genres such as technical notes, auditor reports or abstracts. In this study, we will explore how wine literature attempts to analyze such adjectives used in wine tasting notes. We will then, based on a comparable corpus of 700 tasting notes per language, study a number of common wine descriptors in English and Spanish in the context of the nouns that they collocate. Our purpose is to determine their specificity or generality in their use and meaning. On the basis of their collocability, we will categorize the descriptors and analyze the meaning components of the descriptors falling in the most general category.Junta de Castilla y León (project LE227413)Ministry of Education (project FFI2013-42994-R

A corpus-based writing aid for Spanish language authors: the scientific abstract generator prototype

Producción CientíficaAbstracts are a secondary genre based on the Research Paper (RP) that have often been analyzed in English for insights into rhetorical structure and information distribution. However, this wealth of descriptive research has not produced particularly useful results for scientists who are not native speakers of English nor has it been “directly amenable to applied endeavours”. The aim of this paper is to describe the methodology and the tools devised by the ACTRES research group to bridge the transition between the descriptive and the procedural approach. The findings obtained will feed into a writing application for Spanish-speaking scientists who need to report their work in English to the global research community: it is called the Scientific_Abstract_Generator. A custom-made comparable corpus, BioABSTRACTS_C-ACTRES, has been compiled and analyzed for rhetorical and lexico-grammatical features of this genre in both English and Spanish. Then, crosslinguistic similarities and differences relevant for our intended users have been identified and will be used to build a writing prototype available as a useful and usable computer interface

The relationships between regional Quaternary uplift, deformation across active normal faults and historical seismicity in the upper plate of subduction zones: The Capo D’Orlando Fault, NE Sicily

In order to investigate deformation within the upper plate of the Calabrian subduction zone we have mapped and modelled a sequence of Late Quaternary palaeoshorelines tectonically-deformed by the Capo D’Orlando normal fault, NE Sicily, which forms part of the actively deforming Calabrian Arc. In addition to the 1908 Messina Strait earthquake (Mw 7.1), this region has experienced damaging earthquakes, possibly on the Capo D’Orlando Fault, however, it is not considered by some to be a potential seismogenic source. Uplifted Quaternary palaeoshorelines are preserved on the hangingwall of the Capo D’Orlando Fault, indicating that hangingwall subsidence is counteracted by regional uplift, likely because of deformation associated with subduction/collision. We attempt to constrain the relationship between regional uplift, crustal extensional processes and historical seismicity, and we quantify both the normal and regional deformation signals. We report uplift variations along the strike of the fault and use a synchronous correlation technique to assign ages to palaeoshorelines, facilitating calculation of uplift rates and the fault throw-rate. Uplift rates in the hangingwall increase from 0.4 mm/yr in the centre of the fault to 0.89 mm/yr beyond its SW fault tip, suggesting 0.5 mm/yr of fault related subsidence, which implies a throw-rate of 0.63 ± 0.02 mm/yr, and significant seismic hazard. Overall, we emphasise that upper plate extension and related vertical motions complicate the process of deriving information on the subduction/collision process, such as coupling and slip distribution on the subduction interface, parameters that are commonly inferred for other subduction zones without considering upper plate deformation

Prevalence of type-specific HPV infection by age and grade of cervical cytology: data from the ARTISTIC trial

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes cervical cancer and premalignant dysplasia. Type-specific HPV prevalence data provide a basis for assessing the impact of HPV vaccination programmes on cervical cytology. We report high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) type-specific prevalence data in relation to cervical cytology for 24 510 women (age range: 20–64; mean age 40.2 years) recruited into the ARTISTIC trial, which is being conducted within the routine NHS Cervical Screening Programme in Greater Manchester. The most common HR-HPV types were HPV16, 18, 31, 51 and 52, which accounted for 60% of all HR-HPV types detected. There was a marked decline in the prevalence of HR-HPV infection with age, but the proportion due to each HPV type did not vary greatly with age. Multiple infections were common below the age of 30 years but less so between age 30 and 64 years. Catch-up vaccination of this sexually active cohort would be expected to reduce the number of women with moderate or worse cytology by 45%, but the number with borderline or mild cytology would fall by only 7%, giving an overall reduction of 12% in the number of women with abnormal cytology and 27% in the number with any HR-HPV infection. In the absence of broader cross-protection, the large majority of low-grade and many high-grade abnormalities may still occur in sexually active vaccinated women

Expected Performance of the ATLAS Experiment - Detector, Trigger and Physics

A detailed study is presented of the expected performance of the ATLAS detector. The reconstruction of tracks, leptons, photons, missing energy and jets is investigated, together with the performance of b-tagging and the trigger. The physics potential for a variety of interesting physics processes, within the Standard Model and beyond, is examined. The study comprises a series of notes based on simulations of the detector and physics processes, with particular emphasis given to the data expected from the first years of operation of the LHC at CERN

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13