1,383 research outputs found
Field Theory reformulated without self-energy parts.Divergence-free classical electrodynamics
A manifestly gauge-invariant hamiltonian formulation of classical
electrodynamics has been shown to be relativistic invariant by the construction
of the adequate generators of the Poincare Lie algebra [Physica, 76, No. 3,
421-444 (1974)]. The original formulation in terms of reduced distribution
functions for the particles and the fields is applied here to the case of two
charges interacting through a classical electrodynamical field. On the other
hand, we have been able in previous work to introduce irreversibility at the
fundamental level of description [Ann. Phys., 311, 314-349 (2004)] by
reformulating field theory without self-energy parts by integrating all
processes associated with self-energy in a kinetic operator, while keeping the
equivalence with the original description [Prog. Theor. Phys.,109, 881-909
(2003)]. In this paper, the two approaches are combined to provide a formalism
that enables the use of methods of statistical physics to tackle the problem of
the divergence of the self-mass. Our approach leads to expressions that are
finite even for point-like charged particles: the limit of a infinite cutoff
can be taken in an harmless way on self consistent equations. In order to check
our theory, we recover the power dissipated by radiation in geometries where
the usual mass divergence does not play a roleComment: 82 pages, submitted Annals of Physics, Interpretation revised
completel
Analysis of Service Quality Management in the Materials Industry using the BCG Matrix Method
For each product or service, the area of the circle represents the value of its sales. The BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix thus offers a very useful map of the organization's service strengths and weaknesses, at least in terms of current profitability, as well as the likely cash flows. The criteria function concept consists of transforming the criteria function (CF) in a qualityeconomical matrix MQE. The levels of prescribing the criteria function were obtained by using a composition algorithm for three vectors:T vector – technical parameters’ vector (ti);E vector – economical parameters’ vector (ej) and P vector – weight vector (p1).quality management, services, BCG Matrix Method, materials industry
Simple relationship between the virial-route hypernetted-chain and the compressibility-route Percus--Yevick values of the fourth virial coefficient
As is well known, approximate integral equations for liquids, such as the
hypernetted chain (HNC) and Percus--Yevick (PY) theories, are in general
thermodynamically inconsistent in the sense that the macroscopic properties
obtained from the spatial correlation functions depend on the route followed.
In particular, the values of the fourth virial coefficient predicted by
the HNC and PY approximations via the virial route differ from those obtained
via the compressibility route. Despite this, it is shown in this paper that the
value of obtained from the virial route in the HNC theory is exactly
three halves the value obtained from the compressibility route in the PY
theory, irrespective of the interaction potential (whether isotropic or not),
the number of components, and the dimensionality of the system. This simple
relationship is confirmed in one-component systems by analytical results for
the one-dimensional penetrable-square-well model and the three-dimensional
penetrable-sphere model, as well as by numerical results for the
one-dimensional Lennard--Jones model, the one-dimensional Gaussian core model,
and the three-dimensional square-well model.Comment: 8 pages; 4 figures; v2: slight change of title; proof extended to
multicomponent fluid
Non-Equilibrium Time Evolution in Quantum Field Theory
The time development of equal-time correlation functions in quantum mechanics
and quantum field theory is described by an exact evolution equation for
generating functionals. This permits a comparison between classical and quantum
evolution in non-equilibrium systems.Comment: 7 pages, LaTe
Are the energy and virial routes to thermodynamics equivalent for hard spheres?
The internal energy of hard spheres (HS) is the same as that of an ideal gas,
so that the energy route to thermodynamics becomes useless. This problem can be
avoided by taking an interaction potential that reduces to the HS one in
certain limits. In this paper the square-shoulder (SS) potential characterized
by a hard-core diameter , a soft-core diameter and a
shoulder height is considered. The SS potential becomes the HS one
if (i) , or (ii) , or (iii)
or (iv) and . The
energy-route equation of state for the HS fluid is obtained in terms of the
radial distribution function for the SS fluid by taking the limits (i) and
(ii). This equation of state is shown to exhibit, in general, an artificial
dependence on the diameter ratio . If furthermore the limit
is taken, the resulting equation of state for HS
coincides with that obtained through the virial route. The necessary and
sufficient condition to get thermodynamic consistency between both routes for
arbitrary is derived.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures; v2: minor changes; to be published in the
special issue of Molecular Physics dedicated to the Seventh Liblice
Conference on the Statistical Mechanics of Liquids (Lednice, Czech Republic,
June 11-16, 2006
Classical and Quantum Ensembles via Multiresolution. I. BBGKY Hierarchy
A fast and efficient numerical-analytical approach is proposed for modeling
complex behaviour in the BBGKY hierarchy of kinetic equations. We construct the
multiscale representation for hierarchy of reduced distribution functions in
the variational approach and multiresolution decomposition in polynomial tensor
algebras of high-localized states. Numerical modeling shows the creation of
various internal structures from localized modes, which are related to
localized or chaotic type of behaviour and the corresponding patterns
(waveletons) formation. The localized pattern is a model for energy confinement
state (fusion) in plasma.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, espcrc2.sty, Presented at IX International
Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research,
Section III "Simulations and Computations in Theoretical Physics and
Phenomenology", ACAT 2003, December, 2003, KEK, Tsukub
Sentinel lymph node in early stage ovarian cancer; a literature review
Although sentinel lymph node mapping has been widely implemented in gynecological malignancies in order to minimize the number of unnecessary lymph node dissections and to diminish postoperative morbidity rate, little is known about ovarian cancer sentinel lymph node mapping. This article presents a literature review regarding the effectiveness, safety and benefits of this method.
Sentinel lymph node detection in early stage ovarian cancer seems to be a safe and effective method, able to minimize the rate of patients submitted to unnecessary lymph node dissection. The second goal of the procedure, to minimize the risk of missing involved lymph nodes, seems also to have been achieved, most studies reporting a very small number of cases diagnosed with positive non-sentinel lymph nodes.
Considering all these data we can note that this procedure is not yet included as part of the standard therapeutic protocol, so that further studies would be necessary to include it as a common therapeutic approach in the case of patients with early stage ovarian cancer
Indocyanine green utility in sentinel node detection for cervical cancer patients
With wide implementation of screening tests for the Human Papilloma Virus, the number of diagnosed cases of premalignant or early stages of cervical cancer has increased considerably. As a consequence, surgeons’ attention has focused on determining how best to limit the surgical procedure so the benefits of the procedure will not be surpassed by postoperative morbidity. In this respect, extended lymph node dissection, routinely associated so far with cervical cancer patients, has in the last decades been replaced with sentinel node detection and biopsy. Initially performed through radiocolloid injection, this method has undergone permanent changes in order to maximize its efficacy and safety. Although the laparoscopic approach had been widely used in the past, a new method has been proposed, i.e., the use of indocyanine green injection, which has yielded promising results for sentinel node detection in the early stages of cervical carcinoma. This paper reviews the literature of the most relevant studies conducted on this topic
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