An Evaluation of Household Country Food Use in Makkovik, Labrador, July 1980-June 1981

Country food and wild food are the terms used by the people of the Labrador coast to describe the game fish and plants they obtain themselves. Country food continues to be important to the economic, physical and social well-being of the families in the communities on the Labrador coast. This study was designed to investigate the supply of country food to Makkovik, Labrador, population 333, during one food cycle from 2 July 1980 to 31 June 1981. This paper outlines the quantities of species harvested, the variations in household use and the apparent per capital consumption patterns. During the study year from July 1980 Makkovik households harvested a total of 28,397 kg of country mammals, fish and birds and 832 kg of berries from their environment. Caribou rangifer tarandus, Linnaeus, contributed the largest quantity of country food, 10,960 kg. Fish harvests amounted to 8574 kg and wildfowl harvests provided 5334 kg. The quantity of seals recorded during the study year was 3170 kg. This amount appears to be an underestimate of the expected level of harvest by the community. Other marine and land mammals did not contribute greatly to the local economy during the study year. Forty-three percent of participating households harvested 455 kg or more during the study year. These households represented 54% of the population and provided two-thirds of the total quantity of country food harvest. The community harvest of caribou, seals, birds and fish is not evenly distributed among households. Thirty-two percent of households had little or no access to caribou and 13% reported no seals. Fish and birds were more evenly distributed. People resident in 30 of the 61 households, representing 44% of the population, reported a per capita volume of country meat, fish and birds close to or above the national average per capita consumption for all meat, fish and poultry. Four households with 6% of the population harvested less than 25 kg per person and two households harvested more than 250 per capita.Key words: country food harvest, indigenous foods, northern economy, Labrador C'est par l'expression « nourriture sauvage » que les habitants de la côte du Labrador désignent le gibier, les poissons et les plantes qu'ils se procurent eux-mêmes. La nourriture sauvage continue de jouer un rôle important dans le bien-être économique, physique et social des familles des localités situées sur la côte du Labrador. L'objectif de cette enquête était d'étudier l'approvisionnement en nourriture sauvage de Makkovik Labrador, 333 habitants, au cours d'un cycle alimentaire allant du 2 juillet 1980 au 31 juin 1981. Cette étude donne un aperçu des quantités d'espèces recueillies, des variations au niveau de la consommation de chaque foyer et les modes de consommation par habitant.Au cours de l'année d'étude, soit de juillet 1980 à juin 1981, les foyers de Makkovik ont amassé 28 397 kilos de mammifères de campagne, de poissons et d'oiseaux ainsi que 832 kilos de baies dans leur milieu. C'est le caribou Rangifer tarandus, Linnaeus, qui a constitué la plus grande quantité de nourriture sauvage, soit 10 960 kilos. Les prises de poissons se sont élevées à 8574 kilos et celles d'oiseaux sauvages à 5334 kilos. La quantité de phoques capturés durant l'année d'étude s'est élevée à 3170 kilos. Cette quantité semble être une sous-estimation du niveau prévu par la localité. Les autres mammifères marins et terrestres n'ont pas beaucoup contribué à l'économie locale durant l'année d'étude.Quarante trois pour cent des foyers participants ont recueilli au minimum 455 kilos durant l'année d'étude. Ces foyers représentent 54% de la population et les quantités de nourriture récoltées par eux représentent les deux tiers du total des récoltes. Les prises de caribou, de phoques, d'oiseaux et de poissons ne sont par réparties de manière égale entre les foyers. Trente-deux pour cent des foyers avaient un accès limité ou nul aux caribous et 13% on signalé la capture d'aucun phoque. Les prises d'oiseaux et de poissons étaient plus équitablement distribuées.Les membres de 30 des 61 foyers représentant 44% de la population on fait état d'un volume de viande, de poisson et de volaille par tête à peu près égal ou supérieur à la moyenne nationale pour toute la viande, le poisson et la volaille. Quatre foyers, soit 6% de la population ont recueilli moins de 25 kilos par personne et deux foyers ont amassé plus de 250 kilos par tête. Mots clés : nourriture sauvage, aliments indigènes, économie nordique, Labrado

The Seasonal Nutrient Density of Country Food Harvested in Makkovik, Labrador

The contribution of country food to the diets of residents of Makkovik, Labrador, reflects the seasonal availability of different species on the northern Labrador coast. The nutrient density of the wild food component of the food supply varies from season to season according to the relative contribution of the various species harvested. In the summer, the level of calcium is somewhat higher than in most other seasons, reflecting the large contribution of fish. In early fall, the nutrient density for iron is the lowest for all seasons, and the level of calcium decreases to about half of that of summer. In late fall, the nutrient density of the country food harvested for household use has the highest density of thiamin, reflecting the contribution from the migratory birds, and the second highest density of iron, reflecting the increase in percentage contribution of seals. In winter the iron density is approximately twice that of other seasons. The level of calcium increases, reflecting the contribution from partridge and ptarmigan. In early spring the large contribution of caribou provides a high protein content, while for riboflavin it is the highest of any season. In late spring the nutrient density reflects the large percentage of fish. Dietary patterns of a population depending on country food for much of its food supply change from one season to another, and nutrient intakes also vary from season to season. These factors must be considered when evaluating dietary intakes and making nutritional inferences.Key words: country food, nutrient density, nutrition, Subarctic, LabradorMot clés: denrées locales, composition nutritive, nutrition, subarctique, Labrado

High level expression and purification of herpes simplex virus type 1 immediate early polypeptide Vmw110

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) encodes five immediate early (IE) polypeptides. This paper reports the construction of a baculovirus vector which expresses large amounts of Vmw110, the product of IE gene 1. The expressed protein has been purified to near homogeneity and has a mobility on SDS polyacrylamide gels identical to that of Vmw110 produced during HSV-1 infection. Characterisation of its properties indicated that it forms dimers and perhaps higher order oligomers in solution and that the purified protein binds to both single stranded and double stranded calf thymus DNA cellulose columns. However, filter binding experiments were unable to detect any stable association of Vmw110 with DNA in solution

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02

Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw > 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio

Observation of a new chi_b state in radiative transitions to Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) at ATLAS

The chi_b(nP) quarkonium states are produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb^-1, these states are reconstructed through their radiative decays to Upsilon(1S,2S) with Upsilon->mu+mu-. In addition to the mass peaks corresponding to the decay modes chi_b(1P,2P)->Upsilon(1S)gamma, a new structure centered at a mass of 10.530+/-0.005 (stat.)+/-0.009 (syst.) GeV is also observed, in both the Upsilon(1S)gamma and Upsilon(2S)gamma decay modes. This is interpreted as the chi_b(3P) system.Comment: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 1 table, corrected author list, matches final version in Physical Review Letter

Search for displaced vertices arising from decays of new heavy particles in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

We present the results of a search for new, heavy particles that decay at a significant distance from their production point into a final state containing charged hadrons in association with a high-momentum muon. The search is conducted in a pp-collision data sample with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 33 pb^-1 collected in 2010 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Production of such particles is expected in various scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. We observe no signal and place limits on the production cross-section of supersymmetric particles in an R-parity-violating scenario as a function of the neutralino lifetime. Limits are presented for different squark and neutralino masses, enabling extension of the limits to a variety of other models.Comment: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version to appear in Physics Letters

Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photon cross-section in pp collisions at sqrt(s)= 7 TeV using 35 pb-1 of ATLAS data

A measurement of the differential cross-section for the inclusive production of isolated prompt photons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV is presented. The measurement covers the pseudorapidity ranges |eta|<1.37 and 1.52<=|eta|<2.37 in the transverse energy range 45<=E_T<400GeV. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 35 pb-1, collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The yields of the signal photons are measured using a data-driven technique, based on the observed distribution of the hadronic energy in a narrow cone around the photon candidate and the photon selection criteria. The results are compared with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations and found to be in good agreement over four orders of magnitude in cross-section.Comment: 7 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 4 tables, final version published in Physics Letters

Measurement of D*+/- meson production in jets from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper reports a measurement of D*+/- meson production in jets from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt(s) = 7 TeV at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is based on a data sample recorded with the ATLAS detector with an integrated luminosity of 0.30 pb^-1 for jets with transverse momentum between 25 and 70 GeV in the pseudorapidity range |eta| < 2.5. D*+/- mesons found in jets are fully reconstructed in the decay chain: D*+ -> D0pi+, D0 -> K-pi+, and its charge conjugate. The production rate is found to be N(D*+/-)/N(jet) = 0.025 +/- 0.001(stat.) +/- 0.004(syst.) for D*+/- mesons that carry a fraction z of the jet momentum in the range 0.3 < z < 1. Monte Carlo predictions fail to describe the data at small values of z, and this is most marked at low jet transverse momentum.Comment: 10 pages plus author list (22 pages total), 5 figures, 1 table, matches published version in Physical Review