On ‘Grammar of Belonging’

Der Beitrag stützt sich auf ein neues interdisziplinares und mehrsprachiges Projekt, das Interviews an junge Leute mit internationaler Geschichte in Deutschland analysiert, in denen sie nach ihren Erfahrungen gefragt werden (wie sie die Arbeits-/und Ausbildungssituation, den Wohnungsmarkt, den Umgang der Behörden mit ihnen und die Möglichkeit neue Leute kennen zu lernen empfinden). Das Projekt beabsichtigt, in den Interviews mit den Jugendlichen sprachliche Phänomene zu identifizieren und zu analysieren, die wir unter der Überschrift „Sprache oder Grammatik der Zugehörigkeit“ (Meinhof/ Galasiński 2005) zusammenfassen wollen, wobei wir uns auf die Art und Weise konzentrieren, in der die verwendete Sprache an der Konstruktion und Bestätigung multipler Identitäten beteiligt ist, die sich überschneiden, herausfordern oder ergänzen. Tatsächlich werden Vielfalt und Bewegung, und außerdem die Überwindung der Grenze zwischen Ländern, Sprachen und Kulturen in den Interviews mit jungen Menschen, die die Erfahrung der Migration leben und sich in einer anderen Sprache als ihrer Muttersprache ausdrücken, besonders berücksichtigt. Durch den Bezug auf interkulturelle Erfahrungen und die Konzepte der interkulturellen Germanistik stellen diese Texte daher interessantes Material für interdisziplinäre Studien dar, die vor allem die Sprache untersuchen. Erste theoretische Bezüge finden sich bei Wodak et al. (1999). In ihren Studien richten sie ihre Aufmerksamkeit auf Lexik und Syntax, um die Konstruktion von „Einheit, Differenz, Einzigartigkeit, Ursprung, Kontinuität, Veränderung, Autonomie, Heteronomie“ zu extrapolieren. Danach hat sich De Fina (2003) auf die narrativen Aspekte konzentriert, die zur Identitätskonstruktion verwendet werden. Allerdings mangelt es sowohl der Studie von Wodak et al. als auch der von De Fina an Systematik und Vollständigkeit für die Untersuchung des Identitätsdiskurses. Tatsächlich bedient sich die verwendete Sprache des gesamten Spektrums sprachlicher Mittel, so dass Zeit, Ort und Person die Positionierung des Sprechers als Zugehöriger zu einer bestimmten Gruppe ermöglichen, mit der er sich diskursiv identifiziert. Daher sollten zeitliche, räumliche und persönliche Bezüge nicht von dem Kontext getrennt werden, in dem sie auftreten. Die Diskursanalyse orientiert sich am Text, der selbst multifunktional und intertextuell ist. In Anlehnung an Faircloughs Modell (1989, 1992) erfolgt die Annäherung an den Text über Wortschatz, Grammatik und Textstruktur.This contribution is based on the first steps of a new interdisciplinary and multilingual project that analyses interviews with young people with a migration background in Germany in which they are asked about their experiences (how they perceive the employment/training situation, the housing market, the way the authorities deal with them and the opportunity to meet new people). The project intends to identify and analyse linguistic phenomena in the interviews, which will be summarised under the heading “language or grammar of belonging” (Meinhof/Galasiński 2005), focusing on the ways in which the language used is involved in the construction and affirmation of multiple identities that intersect, challenge or complement each other. In fact, diversity and movement, and moreover overcoming the boundary between countries, languages and cultures, are particularly considered in the interviews with young people living the experience of migration and expressing themselves in a language other than their mother tongue. By referring to intercultural experiences and the concepts of intercultural German studies, these texts therefore represent valid material for interdisciplinary studies that primarily examine language. First theoretical references can be found in Wodak et al. (1999). In their studies, they focus their attention on lexis and syntax in order to extrapolate the construction of “unity, difference, uniqueness, origin, continuity, change, autonomy, heteronomy”. Subsequently, De Fina (2003) has focused on the narrative aspects used to construct identity. However, both Wodak et al.’s and De Fina’s study lack systematicity and completeness for the study of identity discourse. In fact, the language used makes use of the whole spectrum of linguistic devices, so that time, place and person enable the positioning of the speaker as belonging to a certain group with which he or she discursively identifies. Therefore, temporal, spatial and personal references should not be separated from the context in which they occur. Discourse analysis is oriented towards the text, which is itself intertextual. Following also Fairclough’s model (1989, 1992), the approach to the text is through lexis, grammar and text structure. Keywords: identity construction, migration, interactional sociolinguistics, interviews, speech analysis, identities in interaction

Il cinema tedesco della Postmigration in traduzione: Bora Dağtekin, Fack ju Göhte (2013), Fuck you, Prof ! (2015)

The paper investigates culture-bound references (Pedersen 2005) in the German Film Fack ju Göhte (2013) and their translation in the Italian dubbed version Fuck you, Prof ! (2015), with a particular focus on humour. The objective is to exemplify the different translation strategies from the source to the target language and culture

L’interpretazione dialogica nella trattativa d’affari: lo studio di un caso

The case study presented in our paper explores interpreter-mediated interaction in business settings, with a focus on the competences and the role of a non-professional dialogue interpreter. After defining the main features of dialogue interpreting, we investigate which competences a dialogue interpreter needs in order to deal with intercultural business negotiations. Considering the importance of specialist terminology and turn-taking management in business interpreting, the analysis of four business negotiations mediated by a non-professional interpreter focuses on how a non-professional interpreter manages some specialist terms as well as sequence organization. The analysis shows two main results: on the one hand it shows that, despite the difficulties, a non-professional interpreter may sometimes act as a professional one; on the other hand it underlines that specialist terminology and turn-taking management should be considered as basic competences in dialogue interpreting

Antioxidant Activity of Free and Bound Compounds in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Seeds in Comparison with Durum Wheat and Emmer

Antioxidant activity (AA) of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) seeds, as well as of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. ssp. durum Desf.) and of emmer (T. turgidum L. ssp. dicoccum Sch¨ubler) grains, was evaluated by studying hydrophilic (H), lipophilic (L), free-soluble (FSP) and insoluble-bound (IBP) phenolic extracts using the new lipoxygenase/4-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline (LOX/RNO) method, able to simultaneously detect different antioxidant mechanisms, as well as using the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and the Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) assays, which measure the scavenging activity against peroxyl and ABTS [2,2-azino-bis-(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)] radicals, respectively. The species under study were compared with respect to the sum of AA values of H, L and FSP extracts (AAH+L+FSP), containing freely solvent-soluble antioxidants, and AA values of IBP extracts (AAIBP), representing the phenolic fraction ester-linked to insoluble cell wall polymers. The LOX/RNO and ORAC methods measured in quinoa flour a remarkable AAH+L+FSP higher than durum wheat, although lower than emmer; according to the same assays, the IBP component of quinoa resulted less active than the durum wheat and emmer ones. The TEAC protocol also revealed a high AAH+L+FSP for quinoa. Interestingly, the ratio AAH+L+FSP/AAH+L+FSP+IBP, as evaluated by the LOX/RNO and ORAC assays, resulted in quinoa higher than that of both durum wheat and emmer, and much higher than durum wheat, according to the TEAC protocol. This may suggest that antioxidants from quinoa seeds may be more readily accessible with respect to that of both the examined wheat species

Kommunikation im universitären DaF-Unterricht: Die mündliche Fehlerkorrektur

Il saggio ha per oggetto la correzione dell’errore nella comunicazione orale nell’ambito dell’insegnamento/apprendimento del tedesco come lingua straniera (DaF) nella didattica universitaria. Trattandosi di un tipo di comunicazione (docente/discente) appartenente alla tipologia della comunicazione istituzionale e che come tale è caratterizzata dal rapporto asimmetrico dei parlanti (sia per ruolo che per conoscenze), ci siamo chiesti se e fino a che punto il rapporto gerarchico istituzionalmente determinato influisca sulle diverse forme e strutture che si possono verificare nell’ambito della correzione dell’errore, cercando altresì di stabilire quali fenomeni di organizzazione e pianificazione del discorso nell’interazione docente/discente possano rientrare in questi casi

Common and rare variant association analyses in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis identify 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology

A cross-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls identifies 15 risk loci with distinct genetic architectures and neuron-specific biology. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with a lifetime risk of one in 350 people and an unmet need for disease-modifying therapies. We conducted a cross-ancestry genome-wide association study (GWAS) including 29,612 patients with ALS and 122,656 controls, which identified 15 risk loci. When combined with 8,953 individuals with whole-genome sequencing (6,538 patients, 2,415 controls) and a large cortex-derived expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) dataset (MetaBrain), analyses revealed locus-specific genetic architectures in which we prioritized genes either through rare variants, short tandem repeats or regulatory effects. ALS-associated risk loci were shared with multiple traits within the neurodegenerative spectrum but with distinct enrichment patterns across brain regions and cell types. Of the environmental and lifestyle risk factors obtained from the literature, Mendelian randomization analyses indicated a causal role for high cholesterol levels. The combination of all ALS-associated signals reveals a role for perturbations in vesicle-mediated transport and autophagy and provides evidence for cell-autonomous disease initiation in glutamatergic neurons

Analysis of shared common genetic risk between amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and epilepsy

Because hyper-excitability has been shown to be a shared pathophysiological mechanism, we used the latest and largest genome-wide studies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (n = 36,052) and epilepsy (n = 38,349) to determine genetic overlap between these conditions. First, we showed no significant genetic correlation, also when binned on minor allele frequency. Second, we confirmed the absence of polygenic overlap using genomic risk score analysis. Finally, we did not identify pleiotropic variants in meta-analyses of the 2 diseases. Our findings indicate that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and epilepsy do not share common genetic risk, showing that hyper-excitability in both disorders has distinct origins

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements