Formation of professional ethics of future physicians-surgeons, using a “case-study” technology

Objective. To substantiate the prerequisites of moral behavior and to demonstrate the application procedures for a “case-study” technology while formation of professional ethics in the future physicians-surgeons. Materials and methods. The education-professional program for the specialists training in accordance to the 222 «Medicine» specialty, the education plans and programs of primary specialization for physician while internship in surgical specialties, and the situation exercises were analyzed. In the experiment 418 persons took part, who studied up, and 24 teachers of high medical schools. The investigation was conducted, using theoretical (bibliographic analysis), empyrical (observation, talks, questioning, expert opinions, testings, rangings) methods and procedures of mathematical statistics. Results. The indices of the ethics knowledge and capacities formed in the experimental group, the participants of which were studied in accordance to the “case-study” technology, have grown up, comparing with the paired indices of a control group. Conclusion. The «case-study” technology application consists of involvement of future physicians-surgeons in active analysis of various professional situations, gaining by them a certain experience of professional interrelations with colleagues, patients and their relatives,  subjects of interrelationship

Proceedings of the third French-Ukrainian workshop on the instrumentation developments for HEP

The reports collected in these proceedings have been presented in the third French-Ukrainian workshop on the instrumentation developments for high-energy physics held at LAL, Orsay on October 15-16. The workshop was conducted in the scope of the IDEATE International Associated Laboratory (LIA). Joint developments between French and Ukrainian laboratories and universities as well as new proposals have been discussed. The main topics of the papers presented in the Proceedings are developments for accelerator and beam monitoring, detector developments, joint developments for large-scale high-energy and astroparticle physics projects, medical applications.Comment: 3rd French-Ukrainian workshop on the instrumentation developments for High Energy Physics, October 15-16, 2015, LAL, Orsay, France, 94 page

Первичная медиастинальная В-крупноклеточная лимфома с редкой мутацией в гене ALK

Introduction. Primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma is an aggressive variant of lymphoma characterized by genetic heterogeneity. First-time therapy for primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma usually includes immunochemotherapy. However, a substantial proportion of patients do not respond to this therapy.Objective – to analyze clinical characteristics of primary refractory primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma taking into account the results of targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS).Materials and methods. A 22‑year-old patient with primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma who had not responded to immunochemotherapy was tested using targeted NGS for 77 genes.Results. We identified 2 rare mutations in the ALK gene with an unclear clinical value. According to the literature, these mutations are primarily found in solid tumors.Conclusion. Missense mutations identified in the ALK gene are presumably associated with the course of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma, in particular, with primary refractory disease.Введение. Первичная медиастинальная В-крупноклеточная лимфома представляет собой агрессивный вариант лимфомы, характеризующийся генетической гетерогенностью. В 1-й линии лечения данной патологии принято проводить иммунохимиотерапию. Однако, несмотря на успехи в лечении первичной медиастинальной B-крупноклеточной лимфомы, есть большая группа пациентов, рефрактерных к терапии.Цель исследования – оценка особенностей клинического течения первично рефрактерной первичной медиастинальной В-крупноклеточной лимфомы с учетом данных таргетного секвенирования нового поколения (next generation sequencing, NGS).Материалы и методы. Пациентке, 22 лет, с первичной медиастинальной В-крупноклеточной лимфомой, у которой не наблюдалось эффекта от иммунохимиотерапии, выполнено таргетное секвенирование нового поколения с использованием панели из 77 генов.Результаты. В ходе таргетного секвенирования нового поколения выявлены 2 редких варианта мутаций в гене ALK с неясным клиническим значением. Согласно данным литературы они встречаются преимущественно в солидных опухолях.Заключение. Выявленные миссенс-мутации в гене ALK, возможно, связаны с особенностью течения первичной медиастинальной В-крупноклеточной лимфомы, в частности с первичной рефрактерностью к проводимому лечению

The Global Burden of Alveolar Echinococcosis

Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE), caused by the larval stage of the fox tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, is amongst the world's most dangerous zoonoses. Transmission to humans is by consumption of parasite eggs which are excreted in the faeces of the definitive hosts: foxes and, increasingly, dogs. Transmission can be through contact with the definitive host or indirectly through contamination of food or possibly water with parasite eggs. We made an intensive search of English, Russian, Chinese and other language databases. We targeted data which could give country specific incidence or prevalence of disease and searched for data from every country we believed to be endemic for AE. We also used data from other sources (often unpublished). From this information we were able to make an estimate of the annual global incidence of disease and disease burden using standard techniques for calculation of DALYs. Our studies suggest that AE results in a median of 18,235 cases globally with a burden of 666,433 DALYs per annum. This is the first estimate of the global burden of AE both in terms of global incidence and DALYs and demonstrates the burden of AE is comparable to several diseases in the neglected tropical disease cluster

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta