PENGARUH TINGKAT PENGGUNAAN DAUN Trichanthera gigantea TERFERMENTASI SEBAGAI BAHAN PAKAN ITIK PEDAGING HIBRIDA UMUR 22 – 45 HARI TERHADAP PERSENTASE KARKAS DAN LEMAK ABDOMINAL

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode percobaan, menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan sehingga ada 16 unit percobaan.  Setiap unit percobaan terdiri dari 4 ekor itik jenis hibrida jantan sehingga jumlah itik sebanyak 64 ekor umur 22 yang berbobot badan homogen (koefisien keragaman 6,6%). Perlakuan penelitian adalah penggunaan tepung daun Trichanthera gigantea terfermentasi (TDTF) dalam pakan. Adapun susunan penelitian adalah P0 = Pakan tanpa penggunaan TDTF, P1 = Pakan dengan penggunaan TDTF 5%, P2 = Pakan dengan penggunaan TDTF 10%, P3 = Pakan dengan penggunaan TDTF 15%. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat penggunaan tepung daun Trichanthera gigantea terfermentasi dalam pakan berpengaruh nyata (P< 0,05) terhadap persentase karkas dan  persentase lemak abdominal itik pedaging hibrida. Adapun nilai rata - rata persentase karkas itik selama penelitian adalah P0 = 57,78a g/ekor. ; P1 = 57,80ab g/ekor. ; P2 = 58,73 ab g/ekor dan P3 = 59,18b g/ekor, sedang nilai persentase lemak abdominal selama penelitian yaitu P0 = 6,12c g/ekor ; P1 = 6,06bc g/ekor ; P2 = 5,60ab g/ekor dan P3 = 5,41a g/ekor. Kesimpulan penggunaan Trichanthera Gigantea terfermentasi dalam pakan dapat meningkatan persentase karkas dan penurunan persentase lemak abdominal pada itik pedaging hibrida jantan. Kemudian disarankan penggunaan tepung daun Trichanthera gigantea terfermentasi dalam pakan untuk menghasilkan performan terbaik pada itik pedaging jantan hibrida sampai dengan 15%

OPTIMALISASI FORMULA KANDUNGAN ZAT BAHAN PAKAN DOMBA DAN KAMBING DENGAN MULTIVARIATE LINEAR REGRESSION

Animal feed is one of the most important things for sheep and goat farming. Without a good balance of feed ingredients, sheep and goats will not grow optimally, because the feed given to livestock does not match their needs. Therefore, we need an appropriate way to regulate the nutritional needs of feed required by sheep and goats. This study aims to meet the nutritional needs of sheep and goats from a variety of concentrate and forage feed ingredients. To meet the nutritional needs of feed ingredients, it is necessary to do research on optimization in the manufacture of ration feed formulas. If the nutritional needs have been met, the next goal is to predict the price of the ration economically in order to provide a profit. To solve this problem, an approach is needed to model the relationship between concentrate feed ingredients and forage feedstuff variables. Multivariate linear regression is a regression analysis method that involves more than one response variable.Pakan Ternak merupakan salah satu hal yang sangat penting bagi peternakan domba dan kambing. tanpa keseimbangan zat bahan pakan yang baik, ternak domba dan kambing tidak naik pertumbuhan secara optimal, karena pakan yang diberikan ke ternak tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu cara yang tepat untuk mengatur kebutuhan nutrisi pakan yang diperlukan oleh ternak domba dan kambing. Penelitian ini bertujuan memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi pada ternak domba dan kambing dari berbagai macam bahan pakan konsentrat dan hijauan. Untuk memenuhi Kebutuhan nutrisi pada bahan pakan, perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang optimalisasi dalam pembuatan formula pakan ransum. Jika kebutuhan nutrisi sudah terpenuhi tujuan berikutnya yaitu memprediksi harga ransum secara ekonomis agar memberikan keuntungan. Untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut, dibutuhkan sebuah pendekatan memodelkan hubungan antara variabel bahan pakan konsentrat dan variabel bahan pakan hijauan. Multivariate Linear Regression merupakan salah satu metode analisis regresi yang melibatkan lebih dari satu variabel respon

Statistical prediction and sensitivity analysis of kinetic rate constants for efficient thermal valorization of plastic waste into combustible oil and gases

Sensitivity analyses of rate constants for chemical kinetics of the pyrolysis reaction are essential for the efficient valorization of plastic waste into combustible liquids and gases. Finding the role of individual rate constants can provide important information on the process conditions, quality, and quantity of the pyrolysis products. The reaction temperature and time can also be reduced through these analyses. For sensitivity analysis, one possible approach is to estimate the kinetic parameters using a MLRM (multiple linear regression model) in SPSS. To date, no research reports on this research gap are documented in the published literature. In this study, MLRM is applied to kinetic rate constants, which slightly differ from experimental data. The experimental and statistically predicted rate constants varied up to 200% from their original values to perform sensitivity analysis using MATLAB software. The product yield was examined after 60 min of thermal pyrolysis at a fixed temperature of 420 °C. The predicted rate constant “k(8)” with a slight difference of 0.02 and 0.04 from the experiment revealed 85% oil yield and 40% light wax after 60 min of operation. The heavy wax was missing from the products under these conditions. This rate constant can be utilized to maximize the commercial-scale extraction of liquids and light waxes from thermal pyrolysis of plastics

Plasmonic Nano Silver: An Efficient Colorimetric Sensor for the Selective Detection of Hg2+ Ions in Real Samples

Environmental pollution caused by heavy metal ions has become a major health problem across the world. In this study, a selective colorimetric sensor based on starch functionalized silver nanoparticles (St-Ag NPs) for rapid detection of Hg2+ in real samples was developed. The environmentally friendly green approach was utilized to synthesize starch functionalized silver nanoparticles (St-AgNPs). A multi-technique approach involving UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for the characterization of St-Ag NPs. These starch functionalized AgNPs were tested for the detection of heavy metals at 25 degrees C. The screening process revealed clear changes in the AgNPs color and absorption intensity only in the presence of Hg2+ due to the redox reaction between Ag-0 and Hg2+. The color and absorption intensity of nanoparticles remain unchanged in the presence of all the other tested metals ion. The proposed method has strong selectivity and sensitivity to Hg2+ ions, with a detection limit of 1 ppm revealed by UV-visible spectrophotometry. The proposed procedure was found to be successful for the detection of Hg2+ in real samples of tap water

Atmospheric Pollution Interventions in the Environment: Effects on Biotic and Abiotic Factors, Their Monitoring and Control

Atmosphere is polluted for all living, non-living entities. Concentrations of atmospheric pollutants like PM2.5, PM10, CO, CO2, NO, NO2, and volatile organic compounds (VOC) are increasing abruptly due to anthropogenic activities (fossil fuels combustion, industrial activities, and power generation etc.). These pollutants are causing soil (microbial diversity disturbance, soil structure), plants (germination, growth, and biochemistry), and human health (asthma, liver, and lungs disorders to cancers) interventions. All the effects of these pollutants on soil, plants, animals, and microbes needed to be discussed briefly. Different strategies and technologies (HOPES, IOT, TEMPO and TNGAPMS) are used in the world to reduce the pollutant emission at source or when in the atmosphere and also discussed here. All gaseous emissions control mechanisms for major exhaust gases from toxic to less toxic form or environmental friendly form are major concern. Heavy metals present in dust and volatile organic compounds are converted into less toxic forms and their techniques are discussed briefly

Nanobubbles in water and wastewater treatment systems:Small bubbles making big difference

Since the discovery of nanobubbles (NBs) in 1994, NBs have been attracting growing attention for their fascinating properties and have been studied for application in various environmental fields, including water and wastewater treatment. However, despite the intensive research efforts on NBs' fundamental properties, especially in the past five years, controversies and disagreements in the published literature have hindered their practical implementation. So far, reviews of NB research have mainly focused on NBs' role in specific treatment processes or general applications, highlighting proof-of-concept and success stories primarily at the laboratory scale. As such, there lacks a rigorous review that authenticates NBs' potential beyond the bench scale. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the recent progress in NB research in the field of water and wastewater treatment at different scales, along with identifying and discussing the challenges and prospects of the technology. Herein, we systematically analyze (1) the fundamental properties of NBs and their relevancy to water treatment processes, (2) recent advances in NB applications for various treatment processes beyond the lab scale, including over 20 pilot and full-scale case studies, (3) a preliminary economic consideration of NB-integrated treatment processes (the case of NB-flotation), and (4) existing controversies in NBs research and the outlook for future research. This review is organized with the aim to provide readers with a step-by-step understanding of the subject matter while highlighting key insights as well as knowledge gaps requiring research to advance the use of NBs in the wastewater treatment industry

Air Pollution and Clean Energy: Latest Trends and Future Perspectives

Energy and the environment are among the top global issues of this era. Environmental degradation specifically due to consumption of fossil fuels in conventional energy generation systems has become a critical challenge for the whole world. With the introduction of advance industrial processes and operations, the air quality deterioration has also become very complex. There is a dire need to replace the conventional energy systems with alternative energy resources for reducing air pollutants. Renewable energy systems generate clean energy with less environmental footprints. This chapter will highlight the latest trends and future strategies in clean and renewable energy supply systems to mitigate air pollution for environmental sustainability

Global, regional, and national burden of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) are increasingly recognised as global health priorities in view of the preventability of most injuries and the complex and expensive medical care they necessitate. We aimed to measure the incidence, prevalence, and years of life lived with disability (YLDs) for TBI and SCI from all causes of injury in every country, to describe how these measures have changed between 1990 and 2016, and to estimate the proportion of TBI and SCI cases caused by different types of injury. METHODS: We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study 2016 to measure the global, regional, and national burden of TBI and SCI by age and sex. We measured the incidence and prevalence of all causes of injury requiring medical care in inpatient and outpatient records, literature studies, and survey data. By use of clinical record data, we estimated the proportion of each cause of injury that required medical care that would result in TBI or SCI being considered as the nature of injury. We used literature studies to establish standardised mortality ratios and applied differential equations to convert incidence to prevalence of long-term disability. Finally, we applied GBD disability weights to calculate YLDs. We used a Bayesian meta-regression tool for epidemiological modelling, used cause-specific mortality rates for non-fatal estimation, and adjusted our results for disability experienced with comorbid conditions. We also analysed results on the basis of the Socio-demographic Index, a compound measure of income per capita, education, and fertility. FINDINGS: In 2016, there were 27·08 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 24·30-30·30 million) new cases of TBI and 0·93 million (0·78-1·16 million) new cases of SCI, with age-standardised incidence rates of 369 (331-412) per 100 000 population for TBI and 13 (11-16) per 100 000 for SCI. In 2016, the number of prevalent cases of TBI was 55·50 million (53·40-57·62 million) and of SCI was 27·04 million (24·98-30·15 million). From 1990 to 2016, the age-standardised prevalence of TBI increased by 8·4% (95% UI 7·7 to 9·2), whereas that of SCI did not change significantly (-0·2% [-2·1 to 2·7]). Age-standardised incidence rates increased by 3·6% (1·8 to 5·5) for TBI, but did not change significantly for SCI (-3·6% [-7·4 to 4·0]). TBI caused 8·1 million (95% UI 6·0-10·4 million) YLDs and SCI caused 9·5 million (6·7-12·4 million) YLDs in 2016, corresponding to age-standardised rates of 111 (82-141) per 100 000 for TBI and 130 (90-170) per 100 000 for SCI. Falls and road injuries were the leading causes of new cases of TBI and SCI in most regions. INTERPRETATION: TBI and SCI constitute a considerable portion of the global injury burden and are caused primarily by falls and road injuries. The increase in incidence of TBI over time might continue in view of increases in population density, population ageing, and increasing use of motor vehicles, motorcycles, and bicycles. The number of individuals living with SCI is expected to increase in view of population growth, which is concerning because of the specialised care that people with SCI can require. Our study was limited by data sparsity in some regions, and it will be important to invest greater resources in collection of data for TBI and SCI to improve the accuracy of future assessments

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations