Teori-teori Pembangunan Ekonomi

Pertumbuhan ekonomi diartikan sebagai proses peningkatan kekayaan suatu negara seiring waktu. Dalam konteks teori ekonomi, hal ini biasanya mengacu pada peningkatan produksi barang dan jasa pada kurun waktu tertentu yang berimplikasi pada peningkatan kekayaan di suatu negara. Proses pertumbuhan yang diiringi dengan transformasi ekonomi dari tradisional menuju modern dan terindustrialisasi digambarkan sebagai Pembangunan Ekonomi

The role of green marketing effect, price on millenial consumers green purchase behaviour mediated by green brand equity

Price on the purchasing behavior of environmentally friendly products by millennial consumers in Malang, with green brand equity as a mediating variable. Green marketing involves product development and marketing strategies. This study aims to examine how green marketing and price affect the purchasing decisions of the millennial generation, with green brand equity as a mediating variable. Green marketing is currently a reliable driver of the development and desire for proper brand equity. This study used a quantitative approach. Students in Malang who had utilized PT. Unilever home care products comprised the study population. Quota sampling was used in this investigation. In this study, questionnaires and literature reviews were used as data collection methods. PLS structural model analysis was also performed in this study using SmartPLS 4.0 software. This study found that positive price assessments and green marketing significantly impact millennial customers' decisions to purchase environmentally friendly products. Additionally, it has been shown that green brand equity plays a substantial mediating role in the interaction between price, green marketing, and customer purchasing decisions. Businesses must focus on green marketing strategies and build green brand equity to attract millennial consumers and increase the sales of eco-friendly products. Businesses that successfully apply this tactic can improve their competitiveness and support environmental sustainability. This study shows that green marketing and positive price perception significantly influence millennials’ green product purchasing decisions. In addition, green brand equity is an important mediator in the relationship between green marketing, price, and consumer purchasing decisions. Companies must focus on green marketing strategies and build green brand equity to attract millennial consumers and increase green product sales. Companies that successfully implement these strategies can gain competitive advantages and contribute to environmental sustainability. This study examines the influence of green marketing and price on green purchase behavior among millennial consumers in Malang, with green brand equity as a mediating variable. These variables have been widely studied in sustainable marketing studies, but the combination of green marketing, price, and green brand equity simultaneously and in the context of local millennial demographics provides an opportunity for originality

Improving learners’ religious moderation through digital storytelling- based speaking learning in religious higher education and nonreligious higher education institutions

Digital storytelling plays a significant role in improving learners’ speaking skills by encouraging students to creatively record and convey stories, thereby exercising their speaking abilities in meaningful contexts. Furthermore, this medium facilitates the exploration of religious moderation values through narratives that depict tolerance, diversity, and respect for differences, so reinforcing students' understanding and inclusive attitudes. The objectives of this research are: 1) To explore the impact of speaking instruction based on digital storytelling on the improvement of religious moderation among students in religious and non-religious higher education institutions; 2) To identify the factors influencing the effectiveness of digital storytelling in improving students' religious moderation within speaking instruction in religious and non-religious higher education institutions; 3) To explore students' perceptions of the use of digital storytelling in speaking instruction as a method for improving religious moderation in religious and non-religious higher education institutions. This study employs a mixed-methods approach (qualitative and quantitative methods). The subjects of this research are students enrolled in the speaking course approximately 75 students taken from the English Education Department of Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University Malang, University of Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya and University of PGRI Jombang. The finding indicated that speaking instruction based on digital storytelling might be classified as effective and considerably strengthens students' values of tolerance, balance, and moderate attitudes in higher education settings. Next, the effectiveness of the use of digital storytelling in improving learners’ religious moderation were influenced by several factors. In addition, the students' perspectives on using digital storytelling to enhance their religious moderation vary. Nonetheless, they discovered that employing digital storytelling could enhance their religious moderation

Dari kelas ke kehidupan, transformasi menyala pembelajaran PAI, dari 3 jam pembelajaran menuju 7 hari kebermaknaan

Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) memegang peranan yang amat penting dalam membentuk karakter peserta didik. Namun dalam praktiknya, PAI kerap berhadapan dengan tantangan struktural, terutama keterbatasan jam pelajaran yang hanya tiga jam per pekan. Di sisi lain, Kurikulum Merdeka menuntut terjadinya pembelajaran mendalam—yakni proses belajar yang menyentuh kognisi, afeksi, dan perilaku. Di sinilah muncul paradoks: bagaimana mungkin kedalaman dapat tercapai bila waktu pembelajaran sangat terbatas? Melalui kegelisahan inilah kemudian lahir gagasan brilian dalam buku ini: model “PAI 7 Hari”, sebuah pendekatan yang menghubungkan pembelajaran di kelas dengan praktik kehidupan nyata. Buku ini menegaskan bahwa PAI tidak seharusnya berhenti pada tataran konsep atau hafalan, tetapi harus menjadi laku hidup yang mengalir setiap hari. Dengan kata lain, PAI perlu berpindah dari ruang kelas menuju ruang kehidupan, sebagaimana pesan Rasulullah SAW bahwa “sebaik-baik manusia adalah yang paling bermanfaat bagi manusia lainnya.” Pembiasaan yang dilakukan secara konsisten dari hari ke hari merupakan jembatan terbaik untuk mewujudkan nilai tersebut

Empowering learning: The evolution of the independent learning curriculum in the era of technology

This study aims to critically analyze the evolution and implementation of the Independent Learning Curriculum in Indonesia within the context of rapid technological development. The focus is placed on examining how curriculum autonomy, pedagogical competence, and digital integration interact in shaping contemporary learning practices. This research employs a qualitative library research method by systematically reviewing 32 scholarly sources, including peer-reviewed journal articles and academic books published between 2019 and 2024. The data were analyzed using thematic and comparative analysis, guided by constructivist learning theory, curriculum innovation theory, and digital pedagogy as the main analytical frameworks. The findings reveal that the Independent Learning Curriculum represents a significant shift toward learner-centered and flexible education, emphasizing autonomy, character development, and the use of digital technology to expand learning opportunities beyond the classroom. However, the analysis also indicates persistent challenges, particularly disparities in digital infrastructure, uneven teacher readiness, and inconsistencies in policy implementation across educational contexts. These factors limit the transformative potential of curriculuminnovation when not supported by adequate institutional capacity and professional development. The study concludes that the successful implementation of independent learning in the digital era requires systemic alignment between pedagogical innovation, technological accessibility, and institutional readiness. By synthesizing existing literature, this article proposes a conceptual framework that integrates learner autonomy, digital facilitation, and teacher capacity building as key components of sustainable curriculum reform. This framework offers practical insights for policy makers and educators in strengthening the effectiveness and equity of independent learning implementation in diverse educational settings

The paradox of Ramadan happiness in Palestine: A Peircean semiotic analysis of Zain’s public service advertisements

This study aims to reveal the meaning behind the signs used in advertisements that represent the happiness of Palestinians welcoming Ramadan amid the sorrow of war. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through observation and screenshots of the advertisements. The analytical framework is based on Peirce’s semiotic theory, which consists of the representamen, object, and interpretant. The findings show that the happiness associated with Ramadan is represented through joyful expressions and shared activities, such as playing, eating together, gathering with family, and acts of solidarity. Meanwhile, sadness is represented through images of destroyed urban buildings, forms of resistance, and issues related to the suffering of residents, particularly children. These findings indicate that Ramadan in Palestinian media representations not only conveys nuances of happiness and tranquility but also functions as a medium for articulating issues of resistance against Zionist Israel

Efektivitas pencegahan dan penanganan tindakan perundungan body shaming pada sekolah menengah pertama : Studi pengamatan di SMP Negeri 21 Kota Malang

Perundungan terhadap fisik tubuh dengan verbal berupa celaan atau dikenal dengan istilah body shaming yang terjadi di SMP Negeri 21 Malang terjadi pada setiap jenjang kelas. Perundungan ini biasanya diakukan secara berkelompok. Perundungan dilakukan kepada teman yang dirasa berbeda dari sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor dan bentuk perundungan fisik serta menganalisis efektivitas program pencegahan dan penanganan body shaming di sekolah tersebut mengacu pada konsep efektivitas hukum menurut Soerjono Soekanto. Penelitian ini berbasis yuridis empiris yang berpijak pada pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara langsung dengan pihak sekolah, seperti Tim Penanggulangan Pencegahan Kekerasan (TPPK), guru Bimbingan Konseling (BK), kesiswaan dan korban perundungan fisik. Adapun aturan yang dijadikan pedoman penelitian mencakup Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perlindungan Anak dan Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Nomor 46 Tahun 2023 tentang pencegahan dan penanganan perundungan di satuan pendidikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk body shaming yang dilakukan berbentuk perundungan verbal kearah fisik tubuh, penampilan dan bentuk badan. Kendati pelaksanaan program pencegahan dan penanganan sudah menunjukkan efektivitas yang baik pada indikator hukum, penegak hukum dan sarana prasarana, tetapi efektivitas keseluruhannya masih belum maksimal, terutama terkait dengan peran masyarakat sekolah dan budaya hukumnya

Educational climate as a psychosocial context for creative self-concept among university students: A mixed-methods study

This study examines educational climate as a psychosocial context associated with university students’ creative self-concept in everyday learning environments. It explores the relationships between learning-oriented, performance-oriented, and passive memorization-oriented educational climates and two dimensions of creative self-concept: creative self-efficacy and creative personal identity. A mixed-methods design was employed. Quantitative data were collected from 780 undergraduate students across 25 universities in Indonesia using standardized questionnaires and analysed through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and multiple regression analyses. Qualitative data were obtained from open-ended responses on students’ learning experiences and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. The findings indicate that a learning-oriented educational climate is positively associated with both creative self-efficacy and creative personal identity, whereas performance-oriented and passive memorization-oriented climates show limited associations. Qualitative findings further reveal that learning-oriented climates are experienced through ideational autonomy, meaningful cognitive challenge, and relational support accompanied by constructive feedback, which make educational climate psychologically salient for students’ creative self-perceptions. Overall, the study highlights educational climate not merely as a background condition but as a psychosocial and pedagogical context closely related to students’ creative self-concept, contributing to a nuanced understanding of creativity in higher education

Development of tourism and religious villages in Sumberbrantas Village, Batu City

This study aims to analyze the development and expansion of tourism and religious villages in Sumberbrantas Village, Batu City, and their impact on the local community. Sumberbrantas Village boasts pristine mountainous natural beauty, a harmonious social life, and strong religious values, offering the potential for development as a community-based tourism and religious village. This study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques included observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, involving village officials, religious leaders, tourism managers, and the local community. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the development of tourism and religious villages in Sumberbrantas Village has had a positive impact on improving the community's economy, preserving socio-cultural and religious values, and increasing public awareness of environmental sustainability. Active community participation and support from the village and regional governments are key contributing factors to the success of tourism and religious village evelopment. However, constraints remain, including limited human resources and suboptimal tourism promotion. Therefore, a well-planned development strategy, community capacity building, and strengthening cooperation between stakeholders are needed to realize a sustainable tourism and religious village

The process of forming an anti-violence culture among Generation Z students through project-based learning with the reinforcement of social-emotional learning

Violence in schools remains a serious problem, so participation in education is expected to minimize the violence that occurs. This study aims to describe the process of internalizing antiviolence values in Social Studies learning through Project Based Learning (PjBL) and the strengthening of Social Emotional Learning (SEL) to foster an anti-violence culture among Gen Z students in grade VIII at Al-Hikmah International Islamic Boarding School (IIBS) Batu. This study employs a qualitative approach using a case study design. The participants include a social studies teacher, ten eighth-grade students, as well as the principal, the vice principal for student affairs and curriculum. Data collection was conducted through interviews, observations, and documentation, then analyzed using the Miles et al. model, which includes data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results showed that the process of internalizing anti-violence values occurred in three stages: (1) the design of an anti-violence culture through the preparation of lesson plans on social conflict material, (2) the implementation of the design through the Project Based Learning (PjBL) approach integrated with Social Emotional Learning (SEL), and (3) the outcome evaluation stage is conducted through cognitive, affective, and psychomotor-based assessment. These stages contribute to the development of students’ tolerance, empathy, and ability to resolve conflicts peacefully. The integration of PjBL and SEL in Social Studies learning effectively supports the formation of an anti-violence culture among students. This study contributes to the development of innovative learning strategies that integrate character education and aligns with SDG 16.1 in reducing violence