Multicentric study of cervical cancer screening with human papillomavirus testing and assessment of triage methods in Latin America : the ESTAMPA screening study protocol

Q1Q1Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing is replacing cytology in primary screening. Its limited specificity demands using a second (triage) test to better identify women at high-risk of cervical disease. Cytology represents the immediate triage but its low sensitivity might hamper HPV testing sensitivity, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), where cytology performance has been suboptimal. The ESTAMPA (EStudio multicéntrico de TAMizaje y triaje de cáncer de cuello uterino con pruebas del virus del PApiloma humano; Spanish acronym) study will: (1) evaluate the performance of different triage techniques to detect cervical precancer and (2) inform on how to implement HPV-based screening programmes in LMIC. Methods and analysis Women aged 30–64 years are screened with HPV testing and Pap across 12 study centres in Latin America. Screened positives have colposcopy with biopsy and treatment of lesions. Women with no evident disease are recalled 18 months later for another HPV test; those HPV-positive undergo colposcopy with biopsy and treatment as needed. Biological specimens are collected in different visits for triage testing, which is not used for clinical management. The study outcome is histological high-grade squamous intraepithelial or worse lesions (HSIL+) under the lower anogenital squamous terminology. About 50 000 women will be screened and 500 HSIL+ cases detected (at initial and 18 months screening). Performance measures (sensitivity, specificity and predictive values) of triage techniques to detect HSIL+ will be estimated and compared with adjustment by age and study centre. Ethics and dissemination The study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), of the Pan American Health Organisation (PAHO) and by those in each participating centre. A Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) has been established to monitor progress of the study, assure participant safety, advice on scientific conduct and analysis and suggest protocol improvements. Study findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at scientific meetings. Trial registration number NCT01881659Revista Internacional - Indexad

Industrias audiovisuales: tendencias de producción y consumo

La digitalización de la creación cultural y su difusión online ha supuesto la entrada en los mercados de poderosos y novedosos agentes que se han convertido en los líderes no sólo de la industria tecnológica, sino de toda la producción cultural y de la economía. Dicha digitalización de los medios, además de la convergencia de las pantallas y la ruptura de la linealidad vertical y unidireccional de los medios convencionales ha conllevado un profundo cambio de paradigmas que atañe directamente a la creación audiovisual. Este volumen de la serie iniciada en el año 2012 a partir de las investigaciones de los estudiantes de la asignatura Estructura del mercado audiovisual del grado de Comunicación Audiovisual en la Universidad de Málaga nos lleva al análisis de la recepción y del consumo de diversas industrias del audiovisual, pero también al análisis de la producción condicionada por el contexto económico y por la demanda, así como a diversas cuestiones relacionadas con el marketing y los modelos de negocio de aquellas industrias. En una disciplina en la que no abundan los trabajos académicos actualizados, los autores y autoras de este volumen ofrecen con sus aportaciones estudios de casos significativos y paradigmáticos del estado de los diversos sectores de las industrias audiovisuales. Presentados aquí a modo de capítulos, estos textos suponen la iniciación en la investigación de estudiantes que combinan su formación académica e investigadora con su formación como profesionales en el área de la Comunicación Audiovisual. Ofrecemos aquí una selección de aquellas investigaciones que destacan por su interés, su capacidad analítica y crítica, su actualidad, su pertinencia y su disciplinada adecuación a una metodología de investigación apropiada para unos estudios que forman parte de las Ciencias Sociales. https://www.eumed.net/libros/1851/index.htm

Contributions of mean and shape of blood pressure distribution to worldwide trends and variations in raised blood pressure: A pooled analysis of 1018 population-based measurement studies with 88.6 million participants

© The Author(s) 2018. Background: Change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure could be due to both shifts in the entire distribution of blood pressure (representing the combined effects of public health interventions and secular trends) and changes in its high-blood-pressure tail (representing successful clinical interventions to control blood pressure in the hypertensive population). Our aim was to quantify the contributions of these two phenomena to the worldwide trends in the prevalence of raised blood pressure. Methods: We pooled 1018 population-based studies with blood pressure measurements on 88.6 million participants from 1985 to 2016. We first calculated mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and prevalence of raised blood pressure by sex and 10-year age group from 20-29 years to 70-79 years in each study, taking into account complex survey design and survey sample weights, where relevant. We used a linear mixed effect model to quantify the association between (probittransformed) prevalence of raised blood pressure and age-group- and sex-specific mean blood pressure. We calculated the contributions of change in mean SBP and DBP, and of change in the prevalence-mean association, to the change in prevalence of raised blood pressure. Results: In 2005-16, at the same level of population mean SBP and DBP, men and women in South Asia and in Central Asia, the Middle East and North Africa would have the highest prevalence of raised blood pressure, and men and women in the highincome Asia Pacific and high-income Western regions would have the lowest. In most region-sex-age groups where the prevalence of raised blood pressure declined, one half or more of the decline was due to the decline in mean blood pressure. Where prevalence of raised blood pressure has increased, the change was entirely driven by increasing mean blood pressure, offset partly by the change in the prevalence-mean association. Conclusions: Change in mean blood pressure is the main driver of the worldwide change in the prevalence of raised blood pressure, but change in the high-blood-pressure tail of the distribution has also contributed to the change in prevalence, especially in older age groups

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Muerte de fray Antonio Margil de Jesús. “La misma nada”

Archivo Técnico de la Coordinación Nacional de Monumentos Históricos, “Expediente 401 – 22 – 606 – 7”, octubre 1982, legajo 1 (1917 a 1982, mecanuscrito).Archivo Técnico del Museo Nacional de Antropología, “Informe de labores: confiscación de 3,000 azulejos antiguos ingresados al Museo Nacional de Antropología, Historia y Etnología”, vol. 28, 1917-1918, foja 38 y “Adquisición: dos azulejos del siglo XVII”, vol. 59, 1927, foja 157, (mecanuscrito).Archivo Histórico del Museo Nacional de Historia S.F. “Catálogo de las piezas de la Colección Alcázar”.Campos Rebollo, Mario Ramón, La casa de los Franciscanos en la Ciudad de México. Reseña de los cambios que sufrió el Convento de San Francisco de los Siglos XVI al XIX, núm. 11, México, DDF, Desarrollo Social SOCICULTUR, 1986.Enciclopedia Británica Hispánica, Enciclopedia Británica, t. 9, México, Publishers Inc., 1995.Enciclopedia de México, t. 11, México, Enciclopedia de México, 1977.García Cubas, Antonio, El libro de mis Recuerdos, México, Porrúa, 1986.Kubbler, George, Arquitectura colonial del siglo XVI, México, FCE, 1992.López Cervantes, Gonzalo, Loza blanca y azulejos de Puebla, t. I, México, Gobierno del Estado de Puebla, 1939.Moreno Cabrera, María de la Luz, Susana Lam García y Manuel A. Torres García, “Informe Final Rescate Arqueológico Museo Nacional de Historia – Castillo de Chapultepec, Etapa Alcázar”, agosto 1998-febrero 2000, (mecanuscrito).Ramírez, Aparicio Manuel, Los Conventos Suprimidos en México, núm. 4, México, Porrúa, 1982, (Tlahuicole, 4).Ríos, Eduardo Enrique, Fray Margil de Jesús: apóstol de América, México, Antigua librería Robledo de José Porrúa e hijos, 1941.Rossell, Lauro E., Templos e iglesias de México, México, Porrúa, 1980