The 'idioglossia' cases of the 1890s and the clinical investigation and treatment of developmental language impairment

The early history of developmental language impairment in late 19th century Britain is considered through the critical examination of three papers appearing in 1891 by Hadden, Golding-Bird and Hale White, and Taylor. They represent innovative investigations of child language disorders whose themes and concerns are resonant today. The term ‘idioglossia’ was coined to identify this new impairment and reflected the belief by some that these children spoke an invented language. Rather than viewing these children as having some constitutional deficiency, these 19th century physicians were novel in insisting that children with language impairments merited extensive clinical investigation and treatment. Their case descriptions and the subsequent debates regarding classification and prognosis are reviewed. Further consideration is given to how these cases led to questioning the relation between language and speech and other aspects of child development and disorder. Reflection on the early sources of clinical categories provides a new perspective on our current formulations for variation in developmental language trajectories

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Transdisciplinary Teams: Researcher, artist and designer assemble!

Working with designers, researchers and artists raised certain tensions in our already complex audit environment. These differences are already mentioned in the literature. (C. Crouch & J. Pearce, 2013) How can we embrace these tensions and turn them into strengths? This workshop is designed to raise awareness and deepen insights on the tensions between what researchers want, what artists want and what designers want in order to unite forces to face problems and stimulate collaboration in transdisciplinary teams. Working in transdisciplinary teams In this workshop, we elaborate on our experiences with tensions between researchers and designers during a design sprint on energy transition – in and out of our comfort zone. (see below) We explain the tensions using our triangle of value conflicts: a researcher wants to understand problems, a designer wants to solve problems and an artist wants to make problems (disruptive or aware). In the first exercise, participants consider where they are. The goal of the first practice gives us insights into the different actors and all the space in between. In the second exercise, participants experience by themselves what it means to think and act from a specific worldview (researcher, artist or designer). Furthermore, we gather ideas in order to bridge possible differences. Workshop format 120 minutes | maximum 36 participants Workshop Agenda: Transdisciplinary Teams Exercise 1: where are you on the triangle? (online/hybrid in Miro on location standing in the room ór post-its on a flap). On a list (output to share) Make a choice, you can pick only one role. Why did you choose this role? Which values fit for you standing here and which does not fit? Make a new choice, you can stand anywhere on the triangle: why is this the best spot for you? Exercise 2: work together without making too many sacrifices concerning your role that is described on the card. The second output is a list of possible solutions. Make trio’s for role play: a designer, an artist and a researcher have to work together on a project. Participants receive a role (researcher/designer/artist) on a card and an exercise. Do the exercise together. Which differences do you notice? Which tensions arise? How can you bridge possible differences? What are the possible solutions for a fruitful collaboration? (idea generation) End question/discussion: What do you take home from this workshop

Effectiveness of a Ventilator Care Bundle to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia at the PICU: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

OBJECTIVES: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is one of the most frequent hospital-acquired infections in mechanically ventilated children. We reviewed the literature on the effectiveness of ventilator care bundles in critically ill children. DATA SOURCES: Embase, Medline OvidSP, Web-of-Science, Cochrane Library, and PubMed were searched from January 1990 until April 2017. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included if they met the following criteria: 1) implementation of a ventilator care bundle in PICU setting; 2) quality improvement or multicomponent approach with the (primary) objective to lower the ventilator-associated pneumonia rate (expressed as ventilator-associated pneumonia episodes/1,000 ventilator days); and 3) made a comparison, for example, with or without ventilator care bundle, using an experimental randomized or nonrandomized study design, or an interrupted-times series. Exclusion criteria were (systematic) reviews, guidelines, descriptive studies, editorials, or poster publications. DATA EXTRACTION: The following data were collected from each study: design, setting, patient characteristics (if available), number of ventilator-associated pneumonia per 1,000 ventilator days, ventilator-associated pneumonia definitions used, elements of the ventilator care bundle, and implementation strategy. Ambiguities about data extraction were resolved after discussion and consulting a third reviewer (M.N., E.I.) when necessary. We quantitatively pooled the results of individual studies, where suitable. The primary outcome, reduction in ventilator-associated pneumonia per 1,000 ventilator days, was expressed as an incidence risk ratio with a 95% CI. All data for meta-analysis were pooled by using a DerSimonian and Laird random effect model. DATA SYNTHESIS: Eleven articles were included. The median ventilator-associated pneumonia incidence decreased from 9.8 (interquartile range, 5.8-18.5) per 1,000 ventilator days to 4.6 (interquartile range, 1.2-8.6) per 1,000 ventilator days after implementation of a ventilator care bundle. The meta-analysis showed that the implementation of a ventilator care bundle resulted in significantly reduced ventilator-associated pneumonia incidences (incidence risk ratio = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.33-0.60; p < 0.0001; I = 55%). CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a ventilator-associated pneumonia bundle has the potential to reduce the prevalence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in mechanically ventilated children