4,504 research outputs found
Vortex corrections to universal scaling of magnetic fluctuations in 2D XY model
The vortex contribution to the probability density function of longitudinal
magnetization fluctuations is examined in finite 2D XY systems close to the
Kosterlitz-Thouless-Berezinskii transition temperature. Within the temperature
range studied their relevance is limited to rare fluctuations, where they
increase the probability of events exceeding four standard deviations below the
mean magnetization.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures. Refs adde
Generalised Longitudinal Susceptibility for Magnetic Monopoles in Spin Ice
The generalised longitudinal susceptibility affords a
sensitive measure of the spatial and temporal correlations of magnetic
monopoles in spin ice. Starting with the monopole model, a mean field
expression for is derived as well as expressions for
the mean square longitudinal field and induction at a point. Monopole motion is
shown to be strongly correlated, and both spatial and temporal correlations are
controlled by the dimensionless monopole density which defines the ratio of
the magnetization relaxation rate and the monopole hop rate. Thermal effects
and spin lattice relaxation are also considered. The derived equations are
applicable in the temperature range where the Wien effect for magnetic
monopoles is negligible. They are discussed in the context of existing theories
of spin ice and the following experimental techniques: dc and ac-magnetization,
neutron scattering, neutron spin echo, and longitudinal and transverse field
SR. The monopole theory is found to unify diverse experimental results,
but several discrepancies between theory and experiment are identified. One of
these, concerning the neutron scattering line shape, is explained by means of a
phenomenological modification to the theory.Comment: 29 pages, 4 figures; to be published in Phil. Trans A, special issue
for Royal Society Theo Murphy Meeting on Magnetic Monopoles in Spin Ice (Nov.
2011, UK). Second version, significantly revised after helpful referee
comments. Many typos correcte
Mapping metaphors of wealth and want: a digital approach
The AHRC-funded Mapping Metaphor with the Historical Thesaurus project
aims to provide data on the extent and development of metaphor across the
history of English. It uses the full database of the Historical Thesaurus of
English, which extensively categorises and classifies the recorded
vocabulary of the English language from Old English to the present day. By
using this database to map semantic categories onto one another, and thus
showing lexical overlap in different conceptual fields, we aim in the project
to provide results which will demonstrate the widespread, systematic and
far-reaching impact of metaphor on English.<p></p>
This paper outlines the digital and linguistic methodologies used by the
project, and presents a case study of the semantic categories of wealth and
poverty, demonstrating the metaphorical links between these categories and
the rest of the language. In addition, we discuss the nature of lexical overlap
as we use it in the project, and discuss both the quantitative and diachronic
dimensions of the data we are manipulating and their implications for
projects of this type.<p></p>
Power fluctuations in stochastic models of dissipative systems
We consider different models of stochastic dissipative equations and
theoretically compute the probability distribution functions (actually the
associated large deviation functions) of the time averaged injected power
required to sustain a nontrivial stationary state. We discuss the results and
in particular draw from our results some general features shared by these
distributions in realistic dissipative systems
Football goal distributions and extremal statistics
We analyse the distributions of the number of goals scored by home teams, away teams, and the total scored in the match, in domestic football games from 169 countries between 1999 and 2001. The probability density functions (PDFs) of goals scored are too heavy-tailed to be fitted over their entire ranges by Poisson or negative binomial distributions which would be expected for uncorrelated processes. Log-normal distributions cannot include zero scores and here we find that the PDFs are consistent with those arising from extremal statistics. In addition, we show that it is sufficient to model English top division and FA Cup matches in the seasons of 1970/71–2000/01 on Poisson or negative binomial distributions, as reported in analyses of earlier seasons, and that these are not consistent with extremal statistics
Mapping Metaphor with the Historical Thesaurus: a new resource for investigating metaphor in names
The AHRC-funded ‘Mapping Metaphor with the Historical Thesaurus’ project has traced the development of
metaphor in English from Anglo-Saxon times to the present day using the unique evidence base of the
Historical Thesaurus of the Oxford English Dictionary. The Historical Thesaurus organises the contents of the
OED semantically, making it possible to see how vocabulary for any given concept has developed over time.
One of the major outputs of the Mapping Metaphor project is the online Metaphor Map, which can be used to
investigate metaphor in names and is freely available at: http://mappingmetaphor.arts.gla.ac.uk/
Universal Fluctuations of AEX index
We compute the analytic expression of the probability distributions F{AEX,+}
and F{AEX,-} of the normalized positive and negative AEX (Netherlands) index
daily returns r(t). Furthermore, we define the \alpha re-scaled AEX daily index
positive returns r(t)^\alpha and negative returns (-r(t))^\alpha that we call,
after normalization, the \alpha positive fluctuations and \alpha negative
fluctuations. We use the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test, as a method, to
find the values of \alpha that optimize the data collapse of the histogram of
the \alpha fluctuations with the Bramwell-Holdsworth-Pinton (BHP) probability
density function. The optimal parameters that we found are \alpha+=0.46 and
\alpha-=0.43. Since the BHP probability density function appears in several
other dissimilar phenomena, our results reveal universality in the stock
exchange markets.Comment: 16 pages, 12 figure
Non-Gaussian Resistance Noise near Electrical Breakdown in Granular Materials
The distribution of resistance fluctuations of conducting thin films with
granular structure near electrical breakdown is studied by numerical
simulations. The film is modeled as a resistor network in a steady state
determined by the competition between two biased processes, breaking and
recovery. Systems of different sizes and with different levels of internal
disorder are considered. Sharp deviations from a Gaussian distribution are
found near breakdown and the effect increases with the degree of internal
disorder. However, we show that in general this non-Gaussianity is related to
the finite size of the system and vanishes in the large size limit.
Nevertheless, near the critical point of the conductor-insulator transition,
deviations from Gaussianity persist when the size is increased and the
distribution of resistance fluctuations is well fitted by the universal
Bramwell-Holdsworth-Pinton distribution.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures; accepted for publication on Physica
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