Power flow control and islanding management in small power distributed generation systems using power electronics interface for the connection with the grid

Orientadores: José Antenor Pomilio, Luiz Carlos Pereira da SilvaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de ComputaçãoResumo: O presente trabalho estuda problemas do controle de fluxo de potência e de gestão de ilhamento em sistemas de geração distribuída de pequeno porte nos quais a interface com a rede elétrica sejam feitas por meio de conversores eletrônicos de potência. O sistema completo apresenta conversor "on-line", no qual a potência produzida localmente é totalmente processada pelo conversor, juntamente com uma estrutura "interativa com a rede", na qual o conversor opera para manter determinados padrões de desempenho sem, no entanto, processar potência ativa. É também focalizado o problema de qualidade da energia elétrica, analisando-se maneiras de operar os conversores de modo a mitigar problemas relacionados a harmônicos. Além de estudos de modelagem e simulação, avança-se na implementação experimental de algumas das técnicas analisadasAbstract: This work studies problems of power flow control and islanding management in small power distributed generation systems in which the interface with the grid is made through electronic power converters. The complete system has "on-line" behavior, in which the power produced locally is fully processed by the converter, and also a structure "line-interactive," in which the converter operates to maintain certain performance standards without, however, process active power. It is also focused on the problem of power quality, analyzing ways to operate the converter in order to mitigate problems related to harmonics. In addition to modeling and simulation, some experimental implementation of the proposed techniques are realizedDoutoradoEnergia EletricaDoutor em Engenharia Elétric

Phase-sensitive correlation optical time-domain reflectometer using quantum phase noise of laser light

Abstract: We propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple approach to realize a phase-sensitive correlation optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) suitable for detection and localization of dynamic perturbations along a single-mode optical fiber. It is based on the quantum phase fluctuations of a coherent light emitted by a telecom DFB diode laser. Truly random probe signals are generated by an interferometer with the optical path difference exceeding the coherence length of the laser light. Speckle-like OTDR traces were obtained by calculating cross-correlation functions between the probe light and the light intensity signals returned back from the sensing fiber. Perturbations are detected and localized by monitoring time variations of correlation amplitude along the fiber length. Results of proof-of-concept experimental testing are presented

Efecto del nivel de concentrado sobre el perfil de ácidos grasos de la leche de vacas holstein en pastoreo

El contenido de ácido linoléico conjugado (CLA c9 t11) en leche depende principalmente de la producción en el rumen de ácido vaccénico, el cual está influenciado por el aporte de los ácidos linoléico y linolénico en la dieta. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto del nivel de concentrado en la producción, composición y perfil de ácidos grasos de la leche de nueve vacas Holstein en praderas asociadas de gramíneas y leguminosas. El diseño experimental fue un cuadro latino 3×3 y los tratamientos fueron: 1) 8 kg concentrado y 8 h en la pradera (8c); 2) 5 kg concentrado y 12 h en la pradera (5c), y 3) 3 kg de concentrado y 12 h en la pradera (3c). Los datos se analizaron con el procedimiento MIXTO de SAS y las medias de los tratamientos se compararon con la prueba de Tukey (p £ 0.05). La producción de leche y el contenido de grasa, proteína y lactosa fueron mayores (p £ 0.05) en el tratamiento 8c. La concentración de los ácidos grasos (AG) láurico, mirís - tico y palmítico se incrementó en la leche (p £ 0.05) al aumen - tar el nivel de concentrado. El contenido de los AG de cadena larga ( ³ C18) fue mayor (p £ 0.05) con 3 kg de concentrado, excepto para C18:2 c9c12. La reducción del concentrado su - ministrado a vacas Holstein en praderas asociadas disminuye el contenido de AG saturados, pero aumenta el contenido de los insaturados, especialmente de los ácidos oleico, linoléni - co, vaccénico y CLA c9 t11

Masaje para la hipertensión arterial en el proceso de envejecimiento desde de la Cultura Física

Los avances experimentados en la ciencia y la técnica, han convertido al siglo XXI en el siglo de la información lo cual tiene su repercusión en el campo de la Cultura Física Terapéutica. Se han introducido terapias de manipulación del masaje terapéutico que permiten generar, resolver e intercambiar información acerca del resultado en su uso de estas terapias, promoviéndose una socialización significativa del uso de las mismas, a la cual no está ajena la educación. El autor propone, como objetivo general, aplicar Masaje para el control de la hipertensión arterial en el proceso de envejecimiento desde de la Cultura Física   La aplicación del masaje estuvo conformada, por tres etapas: etapa de diagnóstico, selección de las técnicas de manipulación y etapa de validación de las técnicas que permiten la planificación de la terapia de manipulación para los afectados. El diagnóstico incluyó encuesta a 21 especialistas. Se realizó un estudio pre- experimental de control mínimo con pretest-postest para un solo grupo de corte descriptivo de naturaleza holística, en una muestra de 31 pacientes. Los sujetos asistieron al Consultorio Médico 21 de güines, donde se les realizaron evaluaciones iniciales, intermedias y finales al concluir la aplicación técnicas de manipulación. Los adultos que recibieron el masaje evidenciaron respuestas adaptativas, y mejoría en todos los indicadores evaluados, se les elimino signos y síntomas y mejoró el desempeño en las actividades de la vida diaria. Los especialistas que valoraron y validaron las técnicas lo consideraron muy adecuado, novedoso, efectivo y de utilidad socialThe advances in science and technology have made the 21st century the information century, which has its impact on the field of Therapeutic Physical Culture. Therapeutic massage manipulation therapies have been introduced that allow to generate, solve and exchange information about the result in their use of these therapies, promoting a significant socialization of the use of them, to which the Education. The author proposes, as a general objective, to apply Massage for the control of high blood pressure in the aging process since the Physical Culture   The application of the massage was formed, in three stages: diagnostic stage, selection of manipulation techniques and validation stage of techniques that allow the planning of manipulation therapy for those affected. The diagnosis included surveying 21 specialists. A pre-experimental minimum control study was conducted with pretest-postest for a single descriptive cutting group of a holistic nature, in a sample of 31 patients. The subjects attended the Medical Office 21 of Guines, where they were performed initial, intermediate and final assessments at the conclusion of the application of handling techniques. Adults who received the massage showed adaptive responses, and improved in all evaluated indicators, eliminated signs and symptoms, and improved performance in daily life activities. The specialists who valued and validated the techniques considered it very suitable, novel, effective and of social us

CO2 adsorption on crystalline graphitic nanostructures

CO2 adsorption has been measured in different types of graphitic nanostructures (MWCNTs, acid treated MWCNTs, graphene nanoribbons and pure graphene) in order to evaluate the effect of the different defective regions/conformations in the adsorption process, i.e., sp3 hybridized carbon, curved regions, edge defects, etc. This analysis has been performed both in pure carbon and nitrogen-doped nanostructures in order to monitor the effect of surface functional groups on surface created after using different treatments (i.e., acid treatment and thermal expansion of the MWCNTs), and study their adsorption properties. Interestingly, the presence of exposed defective regions in the acid treated nanostructures (e.g., uncapped nanotubes) gives rise to an improvement in the amount of CO2 adsorbed; the adsorption process being completely reversible. For N-doped nanostructures, the adsorption capacity is further enhanced when compared to the pure carbon nanotubes after the tubes were unzipped. The larger proportion of defect sites and curved regions together with the presence of stronger adsorbent–adsorbate interactions, through the nitrogen surface groups, explains their larger adsorption capacity.Financial support from the MICINN (project PLE2009-0052) and Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2009-002). SMVD, FTL, HM, TH, RCS, MT, and ME acknowledge support from the Research Center for Exotic Nanocarbons, Japan regional Innovation Strategy Program by the Excellence, JST. AMG acknowledges support from NEDO for postdoctoral position

Desarrollo multidisciplinario en investigación y docencia del centro universitario UAEM Valle de México

DESARROLLO MULTIDISCIPLINARIO EN INVESTIGACIÓN Y DOCENCIA DEL CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO UAEM VALLE DE MÉXICOLa Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México ha evolucionado a través de sus 188 años de historia, dedicada a la educación, la investigación, la cultura y el deporte, como sus grandes ejes rectores, formadora de hombres y mujeres con un alto sentido humanista y ético, contribuyendo a lograr nuevas y mejores formas de existencia y convivencia social. Durante el proceso de desconcentración de la UAEM, se crearon las Unidades Académicas y Centros Universitarios para brindar el servicio de educación a más jóvenes en todo el Estado de México, este Centro Universitario fue uno de los primeros y a sus veinte años de existencia se está consolidando como uno de los mejores. Es en los últimos años que se ha venido impulsando la investigación al contar con cuerpos académicos, en formación y en consolidación, con infraestructura de primera tanto en equipo como en laboratorios especializados, con profesores de tiempo completo que participan en congresos, seminarios y presentan publicaciones en revistas indexadas. Por ello para celebrar esos veinte años de existencia de esta honorable institución, se planeó la compilación de esta obra que es parte del quehacer multidisciplinario en investigación y docencia como parte del Plan de Desarrollo 2013-2017, de esta administración. Esta obra reúne investigaciones tanto de profesores como de alumnos desde las diferentes ramas del saber en las que se inscriben sus siete licenciaturas, Actuaría, Administración, Contaduría, Derecho, Economía, Relaciones Económicas Internacionales e Informática Administrativa, tanto presencial como a distancia, así como sus tres ingenierías, Industrial, en Computación y Sistemas y Comunicaciones, así como gracias a la vinculación y colaboración académico – científica que se tiene con otras instituciones de educación superior a nivel nacional, como el Instituto Tecnológico de Orizaba, la Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Universidad Politécnica de Victoria, el Instituto Politécnico Nacional entre otras. En el capítulo 1 se abordan seis temáticas diferentes de vanguardia en el área de las Ingenierías, en los capítulos 2 y 3 se incluyen temas de interés y gran relevancia en materia de ciencias sociales, política y economía. Se hace extensivo un reconocimiento para todos los que participaron tanto en la revisión de los trabajos, como en la compilación del producto final de este Libro intitulado “Desarrollo Multidisciplinario en Investigación y Docencia del Centro Universitario UAEM Valle de México”

Understanding different dominance patterns in western Amazonian forests

Dominance of neotropical tree communities by a few species is widely documented, but dominant trees show a variety of distributional patterns still poorly understood. Here, we used 503 forest inventory plots (93,719 individuals ≥2.5 cm diameter, 2609 species) to explore the relationships between local abundance, regional frequency and spatial aggregation of dominant species in four main habitat types in western Amazonia. Although the abundance-occupancy relationship is positive for the full dataset, we found that among dominant Amazonian tree species, there is a strong negative relationship between local abundance and regional frequency and/or spatial aggregation across habitat types. Our findings suggest an ecological trade-off whereby dominant species can be locally abundant (local dominants) or regionally widespread (widespread dominants), but rarely both (oligarchs). Given the importance of dominant species as drivers of diversity and ecosystem functioning, unravelling different dominance patterns is a research priority to direct conservation efforts in Amazonian forests.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Basin-wide variation in tree hydraulic safety margins predicts the carbon balance of Amazon forests

Funding: Data collection was largely funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) project TREMOR (NE/N004655/1) to D.G., E.G. and O.P., with further funds from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES, finance code 001) to J.V.T. and a University of Leeds Climate Research Bursary Fund to J.V.T. D.G., E.G. and O.P. acknowledge further support from a NERC-funded consortium award (ARBOLES, NE/S011811/1). This paper is an outcome of J.V.T.’s doctoral thesis, which was sponsored by CAPES (GDE 99999.001293/2015-00). J.V.T. was previously supported by the NERC-funded ARBOLES project (NE/S011811/1) and is supported at present by the Swedish Research Council Vetenskapsrådet (grant no. 2019-03758 to R.M.). E.G., O.P. and D.G. acknowledge support from NERC-funded BIORED grant (NE/N012542/1). O.P. acknowledges support from an ERC Advanced Grant and a Royal Society Wolfson Research Merit Award. R.S.O. was supported by a CNPq productivity scholarship, the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP-Microsoft 11/52072-0) and the US Department of Energy, project GoAmazon (FAPESP 2013/50531-2). M.M. acknowledges support from MINECO FUN2FUN (CGL2013-46808-R) and DRESS (CGL2017-89149-C2-1-R). C.S.-M., F.B.V. and P.R.L.B. were financed by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES, finance code 001). C.S.-M. received a scholarship from the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq 140353/2017-8) and CAPES (science without borders 88881.135316/2016-01). Y.M. acknowledges the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and ERC Advanced Investigator Grant (GEM-TRAITS, 321131) for supporting the Global Ecosystems Monitoring (GEM) network (gem.tropicalforests.ox.ac.uk), within which some of the field sites (KEN, TAM and ALP) are nested. The authors thank Brazil–USA Collaborative Research GoAmazon DOE-FAPESP-FAPEAM (FAPESP 2013/50533-5 to L.A.) and National Science Foundation (award DEB-1753973 to L. Alves). They thank Serrapilheira Serra-1709-18983 (to M.H.) and CNPq-PELD/POPA-441443/2016-8 (to L.G.) (P.I. Albertina Lima). They thank all the colleagues and grants mentioned elsewhere [8,36] that established, identified and measured the Amazon forest plots in the RAINFOR network analysed here. The authors particularly thank J. Lyod, S. Almeida, F. Brown, B. Vicenti, N. Silva and L. Alves. This work is an outcome approved Research Project no. 19 from ForestPlots.net, a collaborative initiative developed at the University of Leeds that unites researchers and the monitoring of their permanent plots from the world’s tropical forests [61]. The authros thank A. Levesley, K. Melgaço Ladvocat and G. Pickavance for ForestPlots.net management. They thank Y. Wang and J. Baker, respectively, for their help with the map and with the climatic data. The authors acknowledge the invaluable help of M. Brum for kindly providing the comparison of vulnerability curves based on PAD and on PLC shown in this manuscript. They thank J. Martinez-Vilalta for his comments on an early version of this manuscript. The authors also thank V. Hilares and the Asociación para la Investigación y Desarrollo Integral (AIDER, Puerto Maldonado, Peru); V. Saldaña and Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonía Peruana (IIAP) for local field campaign support in Peru; E. Chavez and Noel Kempff Natural History Museum for local field campaign support in Bolivia; ICMBio, INPA/NAPPA/LBA COOMFLONA (Cooperativa mista da Flona Tapajós) and T. I. Bragança-Marituba for the research support.Tropical forests face increasing climate risk1,2, yet our ability to predict their response to climate change is limited by poor understanding of their resistance to water stress. Although xylem embolism resistance thresholds (for example, Ψ50) and hydraulic safety margins (for example, HSM50) are important predictors of drought-induced mortality risk3-5, little is known about how these vary across Earth's largest tropical forest. Here, we present a pan-Amazon, fully standardized hydraulic traits dataset and use it to assess regional variation in drought sensitivity and hydraulic trait ability to predict species distributions and long-term forest biomass accumulation. Parameters Ψ50 and HSM50 vary markedly across the Amazon and are related to average long-term rainfall characteristics. Both Ψ50 and HSM50 influence the biogeographical distribution of Amazon tree species. However, HSM50 was the only significant predictor of observed decadal-scale changes in forest biomass. Old-growth forests with wide HSM50 are gaining more biomass than are low HSM50 forests. We propose that this may be associated with a growth-mortality trade-off whereby trees in forests consisting of fast-growing species take greater hydraulic risks and face greater mortality risk. Moreover, in regions of more pronounced climatic change, we find evidence that forests are losing biomass, suggesting that species in these regions may be operating beyond their hydraulic limits. Continued climate change is likely to further reduce HSM50 in the Amazon6,7, with strong implications for the Amazon carbon sink.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Effect of aliskiren on post-discharge outcomes among diabetic and non-diabetic patients hospitalized for heart failure: insights from the ASTRONAUT trial

Aims The objective of the Aliskiren Trial on Acute Heart Failure Outcomes (ASTRONAUT) was to determine whether aliskiren, a direct renin inhibitor, would improve post-discharge outcomes in patients with hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) with reduced ejection fraction. Pre-specified subgroup analyses suggested potential heterogeneity in post-discharge outcomes with aliskiren in patients with and without baseline diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods and results ASTRONAUT included 953 patients without DM (aliskiren 489; placebo 464) and 662 patients with DM (aliskiren 319; placebo 343) (as reported by study investigators). Study endpoints included the first occurrence of cardiovascular death or HHF within 6 and 12 months, all-cause death within 6 and 12 months, and change from baseline in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) at 1, 6, and 12 months. Data regarding risk of hyperkalaemia, renal impairment, and hypotension, and changes in additional serum biomarkers were collected. The effect of aliskiren on cardiovascular death or HHF within 6 months (primary endpoint) did not significantly differ by baseline DM status (P = 0.08 for interaction), but reached statistical significance at 12 months (non-DM: HR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99; DM: HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.91-1.47; P = 0.03 for interaction). Risk of 12-month all-cause death with aliskiren significantly differed by the presence of baseline DM (non-DM: HR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.50-0.94; DM: HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.15-2.33; P < 0.01 for interaction). Among non-diabetics, aliskiren significantly reduced NT-proBNP through 6 months and plasma troponin I and aldosterone through 12 months, as compared to placebo. Among diabetic patients, aliskiren reduced plasma troponin I and aldosterone relative to placebo through 1 month only. There was a trend towards differing risk of post-baseline potassium ≥6 mmol/L with aliskiren by underlying DM status (non-DM: HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.71-1.93; DM: HR: 2.39, 95% CI: 1.30-4.42; P = 0.07 for interaction). Conclusion This pre-specified subgroup analysis from the ASTRONAUT trial generates the hypothesis that the addition of aliskiren to standard HHF therapy in non-diabetic patients is generally well-tolerated and improves post-discharge outcomes and biomarker profiles. In contrast, diabetic patients receiving aliskiren appear to have worse post-discharge outcomes. Future prospective investigations are needed to confirm potential benefits of renin inhibition in a large cohort of HHF patients without D

Long-term thermal sensitivity of Earth’s tropical forests

The sensitivity of tropical forest carbon to climate is a key uncertainty in predicting global climate change. Although short-term drying and warming are known to affect forests, it is unknown if such effects translate into long-term responses. Here, we analyze 590 permanent plots measured across the tropics to derive the equilibrium climate controls on forest carbon. Maximum temperature is the most important predictor of aboveground biomass (−9.1 megagrams of carbon per hectare per degree Celsius), primarily by reducing woody productivity, and has a greater impact per °C in the hottest forests (>32.2°C). Our results nevertheless reveal greater thermal resilience than observations of short-term variation imply. To realize the long-term climate adaptation potential of tropical forests requires both protecting them and stabilizing Earth’s climate