Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism combination pattern of the Klotho gene with non-cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an elevated risk of all-cause mortality, with cardiovascular death being extensively investigated. However, non-cardiovascular mortality represents the biggest percentage, showing an evident increase in recent years. Klotho is a gene highly expressed in the kidney, with a clear influence on lifespan. Low levels of Klotho have been linked to CKD progression and adverse outcomes. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Klotho gene have been associated with several diseases, but studies investigating the association of Klotho SNPs with noncardiovascular death in CKD populations are lacking. The main aim of this study was to assess whether 11 Klotho SNPs were associated with non-cardiovascular death in a subpopulation of the National Observatory of Atherosclerosis in Nephrology (NEFRONA) study (n ¼ 2185 CKD patients). After 48 months of follow-up, 62 cardiovascular deaths and 108 non-cardiovascular deaths were recorded. We identified a high non-cardiovascular death risk combination of SNPs corresponding to individuals carrying the most frequent allele (G) at rs562020, the rare allele (C) at rs2283368 and homozygotes for the rare allele (G) at rs2320762 (rs562020 GG/AG þ rs2283368 CC/CT þ rs2320762 GG). Among the patients with the three SNPs genotyped (n ¼ 1016), 75 (7.4%) showed this combination. Furthermore, 95 (9.3%) patients showed a low-risk combination carrying all the opposite genotypes (rs562020 AA þ rs2283368 TT þ rs2320762 GT/TT). All the other combinations [n ¼ 846 (83.3%)] were considered as normal risk. Using competing risk regression analysis, we confirmed that the proposed combinations are independently associated with a higher fhazard ratio [HR] 3.28 [confidence interval (CI) 1.51-7.12]g and lower [HR 6 × 10- (95% CI 3.3 × 10--1.1 × 10-)] risk of suffering a non-cardiovascular death in the CKD population of the NEFRONA cohort compared with patients with the normal-risk combination. Determination of three SNPs of the Klotho gene could help in the prediction of non-cardiovascular death in CKD

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field

From "Section 936" to "Junk": Neoliberalism, Ecology and Puerto Rican Literature

Puerto Rican literature from the mid-1970s onwards has offered incisive ways to think through shifting socio-ecological realities under neoliberalism, which it arguably registered through an intensifying aesthetics of socio-ecological degradation. The chapter will draw on texts from the different periods within neoliberalism, starting with Luis Rafael Sánchez’s La guaracha del Macho Camacho (2007 [originally published in 1976])—a text that coincided with the crisis of oil-fuelled “Operation Bootstrap” and the amendment of Section 936 of the Inland Revenue Code—and ending with an analysis of Rafael Acevedo’s eco-dystopian Al otro lado del muro hay carne fresca (2014)—a novel that speaks strongly to the post-2006 crisis. Following Ayala and Bernabe, who posit that “the pulse of the world capitalist economy” has been particularly evident in Puerto Rico due to its close and subordinated relation to United States since 1898 (2009: 3), I argue that Puerto Rican literature could be seen as an often highly self-conscious example of world-literature (defined by Warwick Research Collective [WReC] as the literature of the world-system). And since the world-system is also a world-ecology (Niblett, Green Letters 16 (1): 15–30, 2012), it is possible to read these texts as not only world-literary but also critically world-ecological. The chapter seeks to read some of the aesthetic shifts—often discussed under the rubric of “postmodernism”—in relation to world-ecological change

Effects of Amerindian Genetic Ancestry on Clinical Variables and Therapy in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

To define whether Amerindian genetic ancestry correlates with clinical and therapeutic variables in admixed individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from Latin America. Patients with RA (n = 1347) and healthy controls (n = 1012) from Argentina, Mexico, Chile, and Peru were included. Samples were genotyped for the Immunochip v1 using the Illumina platform. Clinical data were obtained through interviews or the clinical history. Percentage of Amerindian ancestry was comparable between cases and controls. Morning stiffness (p Amerindian ancestry protects against most major clinical criteria of RA, but regarding the association of RF with increased European ancestry, age, sex, and smoking are modifiers. Ancestry also correlates with the therapeutic profiles

A Coffee Berry Borer (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Bibliography

Native to Africa, the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), has gradually invaded most coffee-growing areas worldwide. Adult females colonize the coffee berry and oviposit within galleries in the coffee seeds. Larvae and adults consume the seeds, resulting in drastic reductions in yields and quality, negatively affecting the income of approximately 20 million coffee-growing families (~100 million people) in ~80 countries, with losses surpassing more than $500 million annually (Vega et al. 2015). It has become evident that the coffee berry borer scientific community could greatly benefit from having access to a bibliography of the literature related to the insect. Such an information source would allow scientists to find out what research areas have been explored throughout the many coffee berry borer-infested countries after more than 100 years of research on the topic. It could also help to direct lead future research efforts into novel areas, and away from topics and ideas that have been thoroughly investigated in the past

Genome-Wide Association Study in an Amerindian Ancestry Population Reveals Novel Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Risk Loci and the Role of European Admixture

OBJECTIVES: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a strong genetic component. Our aim was to perform the first genome-wide association study on individuals from the Americas enriched for Native American heritage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 3,710 individuals from four countries of Latin America and the Unites States diagnosed with SLE and healthy controls. Samples were genotyped with the HumanOmni1 BeadChip. Data of out-of-study controls was obtained for the HumanOmni2.5. Statistical analyses were performed using SNPTEST and SNPGWA. Data was adjusted for genomic control and FDR. Imputation was done using IMPUTE2, and HiBAG for classical HLA alleles. RESULTS: The IRF5-TNPO3 region showed the strongest association and largest odds ratio (OR) (rs10488631, P(gcadj) = 2.61×10(−29), OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.88–2.39) followed by the HLA class II on the DQA2-DQB1 loci (rs9275572, P(gcadj) = 1.11 × 10(−16), OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.46–1.80; rs9271366, P(gcadj)=6.46 × 10(−12), OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.71–2.50). Other known SLE loci associated were ITGAM, STAT4, TNIP1, NCF2 and IRAK1. We identified a novel locus on 10q24.33 (rs4917385, P(gcadj) =1.4×10(−8)) with a eQTL effect (P(eqtl)=8.0 × 10(−37) at USMG5/miR1307), and describe novel loci. We corroborate SLE-risk loci previously identified in European and Asians. Local ancestry estimation showed that HLA allele risk contribution is of European ancestral origin. Imputation of HLA alleles suggested that autochthonous Native American haplotypes provide protection. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show the insight gained by studying admixed populations to delineate the genetic architecture that underlies autoimmune and complex diseases

Implication of water activity on the bioactive compounds and physical properties of cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) chips

The effect of water activity on the quality parameters of cocona chips obtained by a combined osmotic dehydration and hot air-drying method has been studied. Applying the combined treatment resulted in a product with 0.055± 0.005 g water/g product in 4.3 h of drying. Although this treatment caused a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the bioactive compounds analyzed, the antioxidant activity of the samples remained stable compared to fresh fruit. The applied treatment permitted the development of a sweet, crispy snack with acceptable optical and mechanical properties. To evaluate the stability of the cocona chips during storage, the water sorption behaviour (20 °C) and the relationship between the water content, water activity and the glass transition were also studied. Results showed that in order to ensure the functional quality preservation of cocona chips during long-term storage and avoid the crispness loss, the glassy state of the amorphous matrix must be guaranteed.The authors thank the Universidad Politecnica de Valencia for the financial support given throughout the Projects ADSIDEO-COOPERACION 2010 "Adaptacion de procesos de secado para favorecer la comercializacion de superfrutas de origen colombiano" and ADSIDEO-COOPERACION 2012 "Contribucion a la mejora del estado nutricional en poblaciones infantiles rurales del departamento del Choco a partir de materias primas de uso tradicional".Agudelo-Sterling, C.; Igual Ramo, M.; Moraga Ballesteros, G.; Martínez Navarrete, N. (2015). Implication of water activity on the bioactive compounds and physical properties of cocona (Solanum sessiliflorum Dunal) chips. Food and Bioprocess Technology. 9(1):167-171. doi:10.1007/s11947-015-1611-zS16717191Acevedo, N., Schebor, C., & Buera, M. P. (2006). 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Genome-Wide Association Study in an Amerindian Ancestry Population Reveals Novel Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Risk Loci and the Role of European Admixture

OBJECTIVES: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a strong genetic component. Our aim was to perform the first genome-wide association study on individuals from the Americas enriched for Native American heritage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 3,710 individuals from four countries of Latin America and the Unites States diagnosed with SLE and healthy controls. Samples were genotyped with the HumanOmni1 BeadChip. Data of out-of-study controls was obtained for the HumanOmni2.5. Statistical analyses were performed using SNPTEST and SNPGWA. Data was adjusted for genomic control and FDR. Imputation was done using IMPUTE2, and HiBAG for classical HLA alleles. RESULTS: The IRF5-TNPO3 region showed the strongest association and largest odds ratio (OR) (rs10488631, P(gcadj) = 2.61×10(−29), OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.88–2.39) followed by the HLA class II on the DQA2-DQB1 loci (rs9275572, P(gcadj) = 1.11 × 10(−16), OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.46–1.80; rs9271366, P(gcadj)=6.46 × 10(−12), OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.71–2.50). Other known SLE loci associated were ITGAM, STAT4, TNIP1, NCF2 and IRAK1. We identified a novel locus on 10q24.33 (rs4917385, P(gcadj) =1.4×10(−8)) with a eQTL effect (P(eqtl)=8.0 × 10(−37) at USMG5/miR1307), and describe novel loci. We corroborate SLE-risk loci previously identified in European and Asians. Local ancestry estimation showed that HLA allele risk contribution is of European ancestral origin. Imputation of HLA alleles suggested that autochthonous Native American haplotypes provide protection. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show the insight gained by studying admixed populations to delineate the genetic architecture that underlies autoimmune and complex diseases