Desarrollo de la motivación intrínseca para el mejoramiento de la competencia comunicativa (lecto-escritura) en el cuento como texto.

La presente investigación tiene como propósito abordar la problemática que muestran los estudiantes universitarios frente a la competencia comunicativa, incentivando a la mejora del proceso de escritura en la formación académica y la creación de textos narrativos (cuentos) por medio de la motivación intrínseca; esta iniciativa, nace con base al trabajo realizado por el semillero de investigación LEAL (Lectura y Escritura en Acción Libre); el cual surge como una mirada interna para reflexionar sobre las formas en la que nos comunicamos textualmente. El propósito general del grupo es propiciar espacios de motivación a los estudiantes de primer semestre de la Facultad de ciencias de la educación en la Universidad Libre de Colombia, para atender a la preocupación de la universidad acerca de la comprensión y producción de textos por parte de los participantes de la vida académica. Es necesario conocer la importancia de la cognición social, el cual se desarrolla a través de una serie de actividades que permite al estudiante mejorar su competencia comunicativa por medio de la motivación, ya que es de suma importancia que los educandos sepan argumentar y escribir de manera clara y coherente un texto narrativo; en donde se deje visualizar su pensamiento crítico. El proceso investigativo a cerca del desarrollo de motivación intrínseca como método cognitivo de redacción, argumentación y sustentación se llevó a cabo con los estudiantes de la Universidad libre desarrollando el eje temático: Castellano 1, en la jornada de la tarde. Es así como desde el planteamiento propuesto por el grupo LEAL, se pueden adoptar métodos prácticos para contrarrestar los diferentes orígenes de índole social a la hora de leer y escribir en la formación del profesional.This research aims to address the problems show college students face communicative competence, encouraging the improvement of the writing process in academic training and creating narratives (stories) through intrinsic motivation; This initiative was born based on the work done by the research hotbed LEAL (Reading and Writing in Action Free); which it emerges as an inside look to reflect on the ways in which we communicate textually. He General purpose of the group is to promote opportunities for motivating students First half of the Faculty of Educational Sciences at the University Colombia free to attend college concern about comprehension and production of texts by participants of life academic. You need to know the importance of social cognition, which develops Through a series of activities that allows students to improve their communicative competence through motivation, since it is of utmost important that learners know argue and write clearly and coherent narrative text; where it is left to visualize their critical thinking. The research process about the development of intrinsic motivation as cognitive method of writing, argumentation and support was carried out with students at the Free University developed the theme: Castilian 1 in afternoon trading. It is as well as can be from the one proposed by LEAL group approach, adopt practical methods to counter the different origins of nature social when it comes to reading and writing professional training

Queda e sua associação à síndrome da fragilidade no idoso: revisão sistemática com metanálise

OBJETIVO Analisar a prevalência de quedas e da síndrome da fragilidade e a associação entre essas duas síndromes na população idosa. MÉTODO Revisão sistemática, sem restrição de datas, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol, nas bases de dados PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS e na biblioteca virtual SciElo. A associação entre ambas as variáveis foi extraída dos próprios artigos (Odds Ratio e os Intervalos de Confiança de 95%). RESULTADOS Foram incluídos na revisão 19 artigos publicados entre 2001 e 2015. A prevalência de queda no idoso frágil esteve entre 6,7% e 44%; nos pré-frágeis, entre 10,0% e 52,0%, e nos não frágeis, entre 7,6% e 90,4%. A associação entre ambas as variáveis apresentou o valor de OR 1,80 (IC 95% 1,51-2,13). CONCLUSÃO Há evidências de que a queda está associada à fragilidade do idoso. Outros fatores podem influenciar essa associação, como idade, sexo, instrumento de coleta de dados dos estudos, local onde vive e o próprio processo de senescência.OBJETIVO Analizar la prevalencia de caídas y el síndrome de la fragilidad y la asociación entre ambos síndromes en la población mayor. MÉTODO Revisión sistemática, sin restricción de fechas, en los idiomas inglés, portugués y español, en las bases de datos PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS y en la biblioteca virtual SciElo. La asociación entre ambas variables fue extraída de los propios artículos (Odds Ratio y los Intervalos de Confianza del 95%). RESULTADOS Fueron incluidos en la revisión 19 artículos publicados entre 2001 y 2015. La prevalencia de caída en el anciano frágil estuvo entre el 6,7% y el 44%; en los pre frágiles, entre el 10,0% y el 52,0%; y en los no frágiles, entre el 7,6% y el 90,4%. La asociación entre ambas variables presentó el valor de OR 1,80 (IC 95% 1,51-2,13). CONCLUSIÓN Hay evidencias de que la caída está asociada con la fragilidad del anciano. Otros factores pueden influenciar dicha asociación, tales como edad, sexo, instrumento de recolección de datos de los estudios, sitio en donde vive y el proceso mismo de ancianidad.OBJECTIVE To analyze the prevalence of falls and frailty syndrome and the association between these two syndromes in the elderly population. METHOD Systematic review, without restriction of dates, in English, Portuguese and Spanish languages, in the databases PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS and in the SciElo virtual library. The association between both variables was extracted from the studies (Odds Ratio and 95% Confidence Intervals). RESULTS The review included 19 studies published between 2001 and 2015. The prevalence of falls in the frail elderly population was between 6.7% and 44%; in the pre-frail, between 10.0% and 52.0%, and in the non-frail, between 7.6% and 90.4%. The association between both variables presented a value of OR 1.80 (95% CI 1.51-2.13). CONCLUSION There is evidence that falls are associated to the frailty in the elderly. Other factors may influence this association, such as age, sex, data collection instrument of the studies, place where they live and the process of senescence

Percepciones de la comunicación no verbal y el liderazgo transformacional en docentes y estudiantes de un instituto superior privado de diseño gráfico de Lima en el periodo 2020-II

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo describir cuáles son las percepciones de la comunicación no verbal y el liderazgo transformacional en docentes y estudiantes de un Instituto Superior Privado de Diseño Gráfico de Lima, en el periodo 2020-II. La investigación tiene un enfoque de tipo cualitativo, alcance descriptivo y diseño fenomenológico. La población estuvo conformada por 35 estudiantes y 5 docentes de la carrera de Diseño Gráfico. El tipo de muestra fue no probabilística por conveniencia, por lo que se determinó trabajar con 13 estudiantes y 3 docentes, a quienes se les aplicó una entrevista. Los docentes y estudiantes perciben que emplean la comunicación no verbal. Sin embargo, los movimientos corporales empleados por los docentes no se alinean en su totalidad a la teoría y práctica de las categorías, dificultando la retroalimentación y comprensión de la clase. Al mejorar esto, ayudará a que el mensaje sea claro y preciso. Por otro lado, los docentes y estudiantes en su mayoría perciben el empleo del liderazgo transformacional que motiva a su desenvolvimiento a través de una comunicación abierta de manera individual y grupal. Sin embargo, otros, han percibido que aún hay vacíos de información, respuestas inconclusas que quiebran la confianza entre ambos para seguir con el vínculo en la clase. Se concluye que los docentes y estudiantes de un instituto superior de la carrera de diseño gráfico de Lima, perciben ambas variables con desconocimiento de lo que implica el uso de cada una de las categorías que lo componen mostrando ausencia de lo teórico y práctico.This research aims to describe the perceptions of non-verbal communication and transformational leadership in teachers of a Private Higher Institute of Graphic Design in Lima, in the period 2020-II. The research has a qualitative approach, descriptive scope and phenomenological design. The population consisted of 35 students and 5 teachers from the Graphic Design career. The type of sample was non-probabilistic for convenience; therefore, it was determined to work with 13 students and 3 teachers, who were interviewed. Teachers and students perceive that they use non-verbal communication. However, the body movements used by teachers do not fully align with the theory and practice of the categories, making feedback and understanding difficult in the class. By improving this, you will help make the message clear and accurate. Likewise, students perceive that their teachers use transformational leadership that motivates their development and confidence through open communication individually. The creative stimulation that teachers use to motivate their students with various tools is also perceived. On the other hand, teachers and students mostly perceive the use of transformational leadership that motivates their development through open communication individually and in groups. However, others have perceived that there are still information gaps, inconclusive answers that break the trust between both to continue with the bond in the class. It is concluded that teachers and students of a higher institute of the graphic design career in Lima, perceive both variables with ignorance of what the use of each of the categories that compose it implies, showing absence of the theoretical and practical.Escuela de Postgrad

Effects of physical exercise on physical function in older adults in residential care: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials

Background: Physical exercise is effective at attenuating ageing-related physical decline in general, but evidence of its benefits for older adults in residential care, who often have functional dependency, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy, is inconclusive. We aimed to establish the effects of exercise interventions on the physical function of this population. Methods: For this systematic review and network meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Source, and SPORTDiscus to identify randomised controlled trials assessing the effects of exercise interventions (vs usual care) on physical function (ie, functional independence, physical performance, and other related measures, such as muscle strength, balance, or flexibility) in adults aged 60 years or older living in residential care. Relevant studies published in English or Spanish up to Jan 12, 2023, were included in the systematic review. The quality of studies was assessed using the Tool for the Assessment of Study Quality and Reporting in Exercise (TESTEX) score. A network meta-analysis was performed for physical function-related outcomes reported in at least ten studies, with subanalyses for specific intervention (ie, exercise type, training volume, and study duration) and participant (eg, having cognitive impairment or dementia, pre-frail or frail status, and being functionally dependent) characteristics. The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021247809). Findings: 147 studies (11 609 participants, with mean ages ranging from 67 years [SD 9] to 92 years [2]) were included in the systematic review, and were rated as having overall good quality (median TESTEX score 9 [range 3–14]). In the meta-analysis (including 105 studies, n=7759 participants), exercise interventions were associated with significantly improved overall physical function, with a standardised mean difference [SMD] of 0·13 (95% credible interval [CrI] 0·04–0·21), which was confirmed in all analysed subpopulations. The strongest association was observed with 110–225 min per week of exercise, and the greatest improvements were observed with 170 min per week (SMD 0·36 [95% CrI 0·20–0·52]). No significant differences were found between exercise types. Subanalyses showed significant improvements for almost all analysed physical function-related outcomes (Barthel index, five-times sit-to-stand test, 30-s sit-to-stand test, knee extension, hand grip strength, bicep curl strength, Short Physical Performance Battery, 6-min walking test, walking speed, Berg balance scale, and sit-and-reach test). Large heterogeneity was found between and within studies in terms of population and intervention characteristics. Interpretation: Exercise interventions are associated with improved physical function in older adults in residential care, and should, therefore, be routinely promoted in long-term care facilities. Funding: None. Translation: For the Spanish translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.10 página

Vitamin D deficiency and non-infectious uveitis:A systematic review and Meta-analysis

Background: Vitamin D plays a critical role in immunomodulation, and its deficiency is implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, its relationship with non-infectious uveitis (NIU), an inflammatory ocular disorder, remains inconclusive. Methods:A systematic search was conducted in three databases from database inception until May 8, 2023, to investigate the potential relationship between vitamin D deficiency and NIU. We included observational studies reporting the measurement of vitamin D levels in patients with NIU and healthy controls without restriction of language or date of publication. Three pairs of authors independently screened the title and abstracts for potential eligibility and then in full text. A third author resolved disagreements. Three pairs of independent reviewers abstracted the data from the fully reviewed records and evaluated the risk of bias. We followed The MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines. Random effects meta-analyses were used for primary analysis. Studies not included in the meta-analysis were summarized descriptively. This review was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42022308105. Findings: Of 933 records screened, 11 studies were included, and five were meta-analyzed, encompassing 354 cases and 5728 controls (mean participant age ranging from 7.1 to 58.9 years). Patients with vitamin D deficiency exhibited an Odds Ratio of 2.04 (95% CI = 1.55–2.68, P &lt; 0.00001) for developing NIU compared to controls. Overall, potential sources of bias were low across most studies. Interpretation: Our findings suggest that vitamin D may play an essential role in the pathophysiology of NIU. While the included studies demonstrated generally low potential bias, additional rigorous prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings and further elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved. Vitamin D supplementation could represent a possible therapeutic strategy for preventing or managing NIU if substantiated. Clinicians should consider screening for and addressing vitamin D deficiency in patients with or at risk for NIU.</p

Matemáticas en contexto

El libro compila estrategias didácticas derivadas del programa de formación complementario escritas por instructores técnicos de diferentes regionales del país, describe la forma en que se incorpora el conocimiento matemático en campos específicos de diferentes áreas de formación laboral basado en las teorías didácticas y reflexiones pedagógicas de instructores.The book compiles the didactic strategies derived from the complementary training program by the technical instructors of the regional media of the country, describes the way in which mathematical knowledge is incorporated in the fields of different areas of work training based on theories didactic and pedagogical reflections of instructors.Consideraciones frente al aprendizaje de las matemáticas -- Perspectiva constructivista -- Teoría de las situaciones didácticas -- Modelación matemática -- Mediación tecnológica -- Pensamiento numérico variacional -- Pensamiento numérico -- Pensamiento variacional -- Diseño de modelo matemático con aplicación de costos de producción -- Modelo matemático del consumo de gas en un artefacto afectado por su presión de trabajo -- Planeación de la producción agrícola: Caso plan óptimo de siembra que permita alcanzar la máxima rentabilidad del cultivo -- Estudio del Álgebra de Boole -- Diseño de un modelo de inventarios para una pequeña empresa de calzado de dotación -- Estudio de la Ley de Ohm mediante herramienta interactiva -- Pensamiento métrico-geométrico -- Pensamiento geométrico -- Pensamiento métrico -- Caso de optimización de recursos en el sector industrial de la confección -- Optimización de espacios para huertas urbanas -- Optimización de los costos del espacio de almacenamiento en microempresas y pequeñas empresas de acuerdo con las normas de seguridad vigentes -- Unidad de medida métrica para confección de ropa exterior femenina -- Optimización de recursos aplicando el proceso administrativo -- Pensamiento aleatorio -- Estadística Básica para Articulación con la Media -- Evaluación del impacto de la accidentalidad en la implementación del Sistema de Gestión de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (sg-sst) por medio de indicadores -- Identificar los aspectos de la declaración de renta para una persona natural no obligada a llevar contabilidad -- Fortalecimiento de la estadística: caso de las unidades productivas del Centro de Biotecnología Agropecuaria -- Estadística dinámica -- Resultados preliminaresna[270 páginas

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio