Effect of Short-Term Administration of Glucagon on Gene Expression of the Insulin Receptor in Primary Cultured Calf Hepatocytes

This study investigated whether increased glucagon levels, caused by the short-term administration of glucagon, lead to an increase in gene expression of the insulin receptor (InsR) in calf hepatocytes cultured in vitro. After 72 hrs of culturing, glucagon was added to calf hepatocytes at a five different concentrations of 0, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 nM. InsR mRNA expression was determined by internally controlled reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. No changes in InsR mRNA expression (InsR/β-actin gray scale) were detected in hepatocytes treated with glucagon compared with the control group and there were no significant differences between the different concentrations. In conclusion, short-term administration of glucagon did not directly influence the gene expression of InsR in primary cultured calf hepatocytes

CMS physics technical design report : Addendum on high density QCD with heavy ions

Peer reviewe

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

Search for Lepton-Universality Violation in B^{+}→K^{+}ℓ^{+}ℓ^{-} Decays.

A measurement of the ratio of branching fractions of the decays B^{+}→K^{+}μ^{+}μ^{-} and B^{+}→K^{+}e^{+}e^{-} is presented. The proton-proton collision data used correspond to an integrated luminosity of 5.0  fb^{-1} recorded with the LHCb experiment at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. For the dilepton mass-squared range 1.1<q^{2}<6.0  GeV^{2}/c^{4} the ratio of branching fractions is measured to be R_{K}=0.846_{-0.054}^{+0.060}_{-0.014}^{+0.016}, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This is the most precise measurement of R_{K} to date and is compatible with the standard model at the level of 2.5 standard deviations

Performance of missing transverse momentum reconstruction in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV using the CMS detector

The performance of missing transverse momentum ((p) over right arrow (miss)(T)) reconstruction algorithms for the CMS experiment is presented, using proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected at the CERN LHC in 2016. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The results include measurements of the scale and resolution of (p) over right arrow (miss)(T), and detailed studies of events identified with anomalous (p) over right arrow (miss)(T). The performance is presented of a (p) over right arrow (miss)(T) reconstruction algorithm that mitigates the effects of multiple proton-proton interactions, using the "pileup per particle identification" method. The performance is shown of an algorithm used to estimate the compatibility of the reconstructed (p) over right arrow (miss)(T) with the hypothesis that it originates from resolution effects.Peer reviewe

Observation of atmospheric aerosols at Mt. Hua and Mt. Tai in central and east China during spring 2009-Part 1: EC, OC and inorganic ions

PM(10) and size-segregated samples were simultaneously collected at Mt. Hua (2060 ma.s.l.) and Mt. Tai (1545 ma.s.l.) in central and east coastal China during spring, 2009 including an intensive dust storm event occurring on 24 April, and determined for EC, OC and inorganic ions. During the non-dust storm period particles, EC, OC and ions except for SO(4)(2-) were 2-10 times more abundant at Mt. Tai than at Mt. Hua. SO(4)(2-) (13 +/- 7.1 mu g m(-3)) at Mt. Hua was the dominant ion, followed by NO(3)(-) (5.0 +/- 3.9 mu g m(-3)), NH(4)(+) (2.5 +/- 1.3 mu g m(-3)) and Ca(2+) (1.6 +/- 0.8 mu g m(-3)). In contrast, at Mt. Tai NO(3)(-) was most abundant (20 +/- 14 mu g m(-3)), followed by SO(4)(2-) (16 +/- 13 mu g m(-3)), NH(4)(+) (12 +/- 8.9 mu g m(-3)) and Ca(2+) (3.9 +/- 2.1 mu g m(-3)). The fact of NO(3)(-) exceeding over SO(4)(2-) at Mt. Tai may suggest the changes in chemical composition of the atmosphere over east China due to sharply increasing vehicle emission. pH values of the water-extracts of PM(10) samples indicate that at the two mountain sites aerosols transported from the south regions are more acidic than those from the north and more acidic at Mt. Tai than at Mt. Hua during the non-dust storm period. During the dust storm event particle mass, OC, Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+) and Ca(2+) at both sites increased by a factor of 1-9, while EC, NO(3)(-) and NH(4)(+) decreased by 20-80 %. However, SO(4)(2-) concentrations (13 +/- 7.7 mu g m(-3) at Mt. Hua and 15 +/- 5.6 mu g m(-3) at Mt. Tai, respectively) at the two sites during the episode were comparable and did not change significantly compared to those in the non-dust storm period, probably due to a similar level of free tropospheric SO(2) in central and east China.</p

IncINS-IGF2 promotes cell proliferation and migration by promoting G1/S transition in lung cancer

© The Author(s) 2019. Long noncoding RNAs are capable of regulating gene expression at multiple levels. These RNA molecules are also involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Emerging data demonstrate that a series of differentially expressed long noncoding RNAs are implicated in tumorigenesis. In the present study, we used microarray analysis to identify long noncoding RNAs that are dysregulated in non-small-cell lung cancer when compared to normal lung tissues. Accordingly, we performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to analyze the levels of long noncoding RNA and the cis target gene. We further found the oncogene property of long noncoding RNA that long noncoding RNA downexpression inhibits non-small-cell lung cancer cells proliferation and migration based on 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide and colony formation assays and wound healing as well as transwell assays. The influence of long noncoding RNA on cell cycle of non-small-cell lung cancer cells is also analyzed by flow cytometry. Among the dysregulated long noncoding RNAs, we identified INS-IGF2 readthrough, transcript variant 1, noncoding RNA (NR_003512.3) is upregulated in non-small-cell lung cancer tissues, the cis gene of which is insulin-like growth factor 2 gene hinted by bioinformatics analysis. We also observed that downregulation of INS-IGF2 readthrough, transcript variant 1, noncoding RNA reduces insulin-like growth factor 2 messenger RNA expression. Furthermore, INS-IGF2 readthrough, transcript variant 1, noncoding RNA downregulation suppresses non-small-cell lung cancer cell proliferation and migration. This downregulation results in a concomitant inhibition of the G1/S transition in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. Our findings suggest that INS-IGF2 readthrough, transcript variant 1, noncoding RNA may be an oncogene involved in the development of lung cancer. Therefore, we speculate that INS-IGF2 readthrough, transcript variant 1, noncoding RNA represents a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer

Heterodynes dominate precipitation isotopes in the East Asianmonsoon region, reflecting interaction of multiple climate factors

For the past decade, East Asian monsoon history has been interpreted in the context of an exceptionally well-dated, high-resolution composite record of speleothem oxygen isotopes (&delta;18Ocave) from the Yangtze River Valley. This record is characterized by a unique spectral response, with variance concentrated predominantly within the precession band and an enigmatic lack of variance at the eccentricity and obliquity bands. Here we examine the spectral characteristics of all existing &gt;250-kyr-long terrestrial water isotope records in Asia, including a new water isotope record using leaf wax hydrogen isotope ratios from the Chinese Loess Plateau. There exist profound differences in spectral characteristics among all orbital-scale Asian water isotope records. We demonstrate that these differences result from latitudinal gradients in the influence of the winter and summer monsoons, both of which impact climate and water isotopes throughout East Asia. Water isotope records therefore do not reflect precipitation during a single season or from a single circulation system. Rather, water isotope records in East Asia reflect the complex interplay of oceanic and continental moisture sources, operating at multiple Earth-orbital periods. These non-linear interactions are reflected in water isotope spectra by the presence of heterodynes. Although complex, we submit that water isotope records, when paired with rapidly developing isotope-enabled model simulations, will have the potential to elucidate mechanisms causing seasonal precipitation variability and moisture source variability in East Asia.</p