Surgical reconstruction of a frontonasal orbital-etmoidal fracture

Frontal sinus fractures are originated from high intensity accidents, including automobile accidents, altercations, sports accidents and falls. Normally, they are associated with fractures of the middle third of the face, including maxillary, nasal-orbital-etmoidal and zygomatic fractures. Several treatment modalities have been proposed to reconstruct fronto-nasal-orbital-etmoidal fractures, including fixation of bone fragments with plates and screws, reconstruction with bone grafts and titanium mesh implants. In the case here presented, bicoronal access was used to reconstruct the anterior wall of the frontal sinus and to reestablish the fronto-nasal-orbital-etmoidal contour, using a bone graft from the cranial cap for this purpose. The integrity of fronto-nasal duct was verified, and there was no need to canalize it. This procedure is an important guideline in the treatment plan, since it determines obliteration or canalization of the duct. After one year of follow-up, no complication or sequela was observed. Long periods of post-operative follow up are very important to evaluate possible complications

AVALIAÇÃO DO DESPERDÍCIO E PROMOÇÃO DO APROVEITAMENTO INTEGRAL DOS ALIMENTOS EM INSTITUIÇÃO DE LONGA PERMANÊNCIA FILANTRÓPICA PARA IDOSOS – (ILPI)

 A maior parte das Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos do Brasil é de caráter filantrópico, e os alimentos são provenientes de doações de pessoa física e/ou jurídica. Com isso, o tipo de oferta alimentar disponível na instituição pode acarretar déficit nutricional por falta de uma alimentação adequada e com baixa qualidade nutricional. No entanto, as deficiências de nutrientes podem ser minimizadas com o aproveitamento dos alimentos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a quantidade de folhas, cascas e  talos descartados no preparo das refeições de uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos filantrópica e promover o aproveitamento integral dos alimentos a partir de cartilha elaborada com receitas. Trata-se de uma ação-intervenção realizada numa Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos filantrópica no município de Dourados/MS, em quatro etapas no período julho a dezembro de 2015 como uma ação do projeto de pesquisa e extensão Projeto de Melhoria para Qualidade de Vida para os Idosos. Observou-se que os funcionários da Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição dessa instituição não aproveitam integralmente os alimentos, e antes do curso não tinham um conhecimento amplo sobre as opções de preparações e a importância de fazer uso do aproveitamento integral dos alimentos. Entretanto, após o curso, nota-se que houve interesse em reproduzir as receitas e o entendimento da importância do aproveitamento integral. Com isso, é relevante a capacitação para estimular o uso do aproveitamento integral no cotidiano da Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos

AVALIAÇÃO DO DESPERDÍCIO E PROMOÇÃO DO APROVEITAMENTO INTEGRAL DOS ALIMENTOS EM INSTITUIÇÃO DE LONGA PERMANÊNCIA FILANTRÓPICA PARA IDOSOS – (ILPI)

 A maior parte das Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos do Brasil é de caráter filantrópico, e os alimentos são provenientes de doações de pessoa física e/ou jurídica. Com isso, o tipo de oferta alimentar disponível na instituição pode acarretar déficit nutricional por falta de uma alimentação adequada e com baixa qualidade nutricional. No entanto, as deficiências de nutrientes podem ser minimizadas com o aproveitamento dos alimentos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a quantidade de folhas, cascas e  talos descartados no preparo das refeições de uma Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos filantrópica e promover o aproveitamento integral dos alimentos a partir de cartilha elaborada com receitas. Trata-se de uma ação-intervenção realizada numa Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos filantrópica no município de Dourados/MS, em quatro etapas no período julho a dezembro de 2015 como uma ação do projeto de pesquisa e extensão Projeto de Melhoria para Qualidade de Vida para os Idosos. Observou-se que os funcionários da Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição dessa instituição não aproveitam integralmente os alimentos, e antes do curso não tinham um conhecimento amplo sobre as opções de preparações e a importância de fazer uso do aproveitamento integral dos alimentos. Entretanto, após o curso, nota-se que houve interesse em reproduzir as receitas e o entendimento da importância do aproveitamento integral. Com isso, é relevante a capacitação para estimular o uso do aproveitamento integral no cotidiano da Instituição de Longa Permanência para Idosos

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens