8 research outputs found
Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019 : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi Mohammad
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasifard Mitra
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abedi Aidin
- Abedi Parisa
- Abegaz Kedir H.
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abosetugn Akine E.
- Aboyans Victor
- Abrams Elissa M.
- Abreu Lucas G.
- Abrigo Michael R. M.
- Abu Haimed Abdulaziz K.
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Raddad Laith J.
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Acebedo Alyssa
- Ackerman Ilana N.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adair Tim
- Adamu Abdu A.
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
- Adedeji Isaac A.
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adelson Jaimie D.
- Adeoye Abiodun M.
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adham Davoud
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshari Mahdi
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agardh Emilie E.
- Agarwal Gina
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Agesa Kareha M.
- Aghaali Mohammad
- Aghamir Seyed M.
- Agrawal Anurag
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Alireza
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmadpour Ehsan
- Ahmed Muktar B.
- Aji Budi
- Akalu Temesgen Y.
- Akinyemi Rufus O.
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akombi Blessing J.
- Akunna Chisom J.
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Mekhlaf Hesham M.
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Noore
- Alam Samiah
- Alam Tahiya
- Alanezi Fahad M.
- Alanzi Turki M.
- Albertson Samuel B.
- Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline E.
- Alema Niguse M.
- Alemu Biresaw W.
- Alemu Yihun M.
- Alhabib Khalid F.
- Alhassan Robert K.
- Ali Muhammad
- Ali Saqib
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alijanzadeh Mehran
- Alinia Cyrus
- Alipour Vahid
- Alizade Hesam
- Aljunid Syed M.
- Alla François
- Allebeck Peter
- Almadi Majid A.
- Almasi Ali
- Almasi-Hashiani Amir
- Almasri Nihad A.
- Almulhim Abdulaziz M.
- Alonso Jordi
- Altirkawi Khalid A.
- Alumran Arwa K.
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Alvis-Zakzuk Nelson J.
- Amare Azmeraw T.
- Amare Bekalu
- Amini Saeed
- Amini-Rarani Mostafa
- Aminorroaya Arya
- Amiri Fatemeh
- Amit Arianna M.
- Amugsi Dickson A.
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- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Anderson Jason A.
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- Mukhopadhyay Satinath
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- Nnaji Chukwudi A.
- Nomura Shuhei
- Norheim Ole F.
- Norrving Bo
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- Nouraei Motlagh Soraya
- Nowak Christoph
- Nsoesie Elaine
- Nunez-Samudio Virginia
- Oancea Bogdan
- Odell Christopher M.
- Ogbo Felix A. (R18978)
- Oghenetega Onome B.
- Oh In-Hwan
- Okunga Emmanuel W.
- Oladnabi Morteza
- Olagunju Andrew T.
- Olusanya Bolajoko O.
- Olusanya Jacob O.
- Oluwasanu Mojisola M.
- Omer Omer Muktar
- Ong Kanyin
- Ong Sokking
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- Orpana Heather M.
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- Ortiz Alberto
- Osarenotor Osayomwanbo
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- Otoiu Adrian
- Otstavnov Nikita
- Otstavnov Stanislav S.
- Owolabi Mayowa O.
- P. A. Mahesh
- Padubidri Jagadish R.
- Pakhale Smita
- Pakhare Abhijit P.
- Pakshir Keyvan
- Palladino Raffaele
- Pana Adrian
- Panda-Jonas Songhomitra
- Pandey Anamika
- Pangaribuan Helena U.
- Park Eun-Kee
- Park James
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- Pasovic Maja
- Pasupula Deepak K.
- Patel Jenil R.
- Patel Sangram K.
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- Pathak Ashish
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- Paudel Sagun
- Paulson Katherine
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- Pereira Jeevan
- Perico Norberto
- Pescarini Julia M.
- Pesudovs Konrad
- Pham Hai Q.
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- Pierce Maxwell
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- Pilgrim Thomas
- Pilz Tessa M.
- Piradov Michael A.
- Pirsaheb Meghdad
- Pishgar Farhad
- Plana-Ripoll Oleguer
- Plass Dietrich
- Pletche Martin
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- Polibin Roman V.
- Polinder Suzanne
- Polkinghorne Kevan R.
- Pond Constance D.
- Postma Maarten J.
- Pottoo Faheem H.
- Pourjafar Hadi
- Pourmalek Farshad
- Pourmirza Kalhori Reza
- Pourshams Akram
- Poznanska Anna
- Prada Sergio I.
- Prakash Sanjay
- Prakash V.
- Prasad Narayan
- Preotescu Liliana
- Pribadi Dimas R.
- Pupillo Elisabetta
- Quazi Syed Zahiruddin
- Rabiee Mohammad
- Rabiee Navid
- Radfar Amir
- Rafiee Ata
- Rafiei Alireza
- Raggi Alberto
- Rahim Fakher
- Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin
- Rahman Mohammad H.
- Rahman Muhammad A.
- Rajabpour-Sanati Ali
- Rajati Fatemeh
- Rakovac Ivo
- Ram Pradhum
- Ramezanzadeh Kiana
- Rana Saleem M.
- Ranabhat Chhabi L.
- Ranta Annemarei
- Rao Puja C.
- Rao Sowmya J.
- Rasella Davide
- Rashedi Vahid
- Rastogi Prateek
- Rath Goura K.
- Rathi Priya
- Rawaf David L.
- Rawaf Salman
- Rawal Lal
- Rawassizadeh Reza
- Rawat Ramu
- Razo Christian
- Redford Sofia B.
- Regassa Lemma D.
- Reiner Robert C.
- Reinig Nickolas
- Reitsma Marissa B.
- Remuzzi Giuseppe
- Renjith Vishnu
- Renzaho Andre M. N. (R17978)
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Øverland Simon
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019.
Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings: The global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66–2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17–2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5–137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0–146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2–144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4–27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8–67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8–74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5–51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7–59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1–10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3–6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0–6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5–8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1–60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8–66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019
AI is a viable alternative to high throughput screening: a 318-target study
- Author
- Abaffy Tatjana
- Abraham Elena Theres
- Abrahão Jônatas Santos
- Abramyan Tigran M.
- Agianian Bogos
- Agogo-Mawuli Percy
- Agoulnik Alexander I.
- Agrawal Rajendra K.
- Aguilera Elena
- Ahmed Mostafa
- Akk Gustav
- Akopian Tatos
- Al-Yozbaki Minnatallah
- Aldhamen Yasser Ali
- Alkan Cigdem
- Alramadhani Dina
- Alteen Matthew G.
- Alvarez Guzmán
- Ammendola Serena
- Anastasio Noelle C.
- Anderson Brandon M.
- Anderson Deborah H.
- Andricopulo Adriano D.
- Angell Richard M.
- Anthis Nicholas J.
- Antonelli Lorenzo
- Apfel Athena Marie
- Arias Juan Antonio Sanchez
- Arozarena Imanol
- Arrigoni Cristina
- Artía Zoraima
- Ashkar Shireen R.
- Ashton Mark R.
- Austin Richard C.
- Ayachi Aicha Gharbi
- Azeem Syeda Maryam
- Bailey-Elkin Ben A.
- Balakrishnan Bijina
- Balaña-Fouce Rafael
- Ballatore Carlo
- Banerjee Sourav
- Banerji Versha
- Banjo Toshihiro
- Barghash Marim M.
- Batey Robert A.
- Battistoni Andrea
- Baumann Ulrich
- Bdira Fredj Ben
- Bedi Mel
- Ben-Johny Manu
- Bergman Bastiaan
- Bernard Denzil
- Berti Andrew
- Bharambe Nikhil
- Bishop Ozlem Tastan
- Blanchet Xavier
- Blelloch Robert
- Blumenthal Robert M.
- Bognár Gabriella
- Bogomolovas Julijus
- Bon Carlotta
- Boorman Jacob
- Borowska Anna
- Borriello Francesco
- Bowman Gregory R.
- Bradley Robert K.
- Bradshaw William J.
- Brady-Kalnay Susann M.
- Breton Hairol E.
- Bruning John B.
- Bruning John Burt
- Bryant-Friedrich Amanda
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- Christodoulides Myron
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- Slotboom Dirk J.
- Smith David M.
- Smith Kristiana S.
- Smrcka Alan V.
- So Jonathan
- Sobrado Pablo
- Soellner Matthew B.
- Solano Roberto
- Sorenson Jon M.
- Stafford Kate
- Stahl Andreas
- Statsyuk Alexander V.
- Stec Natalia
- Stecula Adrian
- Stetefeld Joerg
- Strauss Erick
- Stuchbury Grant David
- Su Leila
- Su Tong
- Su Zhengchen
- Sugamori Kim S.
- Sun Ying
- Suterwala Shabbir
- Svensson Fredrik
- Sverzhinsky Aleksandr
- Swart Tarryn
- Taglialatela Angelo
- Tam Heng-Keat
- Tandon Vasudha
- Tang Weiping
- Tang Young
- Tanner John J.
- Taylor Richard E.
- Teixeira Thaiz Rodrigues
- Teramoto Tadahisa
- Thai Van Chi
- Thayer Desiree
- Thomas Bill
- Thompson Erik W.
- Tilford Hannah
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- Tomilov Alexey
- Toogood Peter
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- Vleminckx Margot
- von Hundelshausen Philipp
- Voss Jan Hendrik
- Vrielink Alice
- Waggoner Stephen N.
- Walensky Loren D.
- Wallach Izhar
- Wang Feng
- Wang Jianghai
- Wang Jun
- Wang Xingyou
- Wang Zhenghe
- Warrington Jeffrey M.
- Watkins Joshua
- Wazir Sarah
- Weber Christian
- Welsbie Derek S.
- Wentworth Kelly L.
- Wert-Lamas Leon
- White Andrew
- White Simon J.
- Whitesell Luke
- Williams Tiffany
- Wilson Cornelia M.
- Wilson Mark A.
- Windisch Marc P.
- Wong Keith S.
- Woods Virgil A.
- Worley Brad
- Wu Pengpeng
- Wu Xiaoyang
- Wulff Heike
- Xiang Fei
- Xu Hongyang
- Xu Jiake
- Xu Jingyi
- Xu Sophia Q.
- Xu Xin
- Yan Riqiang
- Yang Chao-Yie
- Yen Yun
- Young Matthew A.
- Yu Fang
- Yu Xinfang
- Yuan Haynes
- Yuan Xinrui
- Zahler Stefan
- Zeina Christina M.
- Zelinskaya Natalia
- Zhang Dingqiang
- Zhang Gang
- Zhang Wenjun
- Zhang Xu
- Zhang Yan Jessie
- Zhang Zhiguo
- Zhao Jinshi
- Zhou Han
- Zhou Hui
- Zhou Jia
- Zhou Pei
- Zhou Shan
- Zhu Jiaqi
- Zhu Siran
- Zhu Yini
- Zhuo Ling
- Zochodne Douglas William
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2024
- Field of study
: High throughput screening (HTS) is routinely used to identify bioactive small molecules. This requires physical compounds, which limits coverage of accessible chemical space. Computational approaches combined with vast on-demand chemical libraries can access far greater chemical space, provided that the predictive accuracy is sufficient to identify useful molecules. Through the largest and most diverse virtual HTS campaign reported to date, comprising 318 individual projects, we demonstrate that our AtomNet® convolutional neural network successfully finds novel hits across every major therapeutic area and protein class. We address historical limitations of computational screening by demonstrating success for target proteins without known binders, high-quality X-ray crystal structures, or manual cherry-picking of compounds. We show that the molecules selected by the AtomNet® model are novel drug-like scaffolds rather than minor modifications to known bioactive compounds. Our empirical results suggest that computational methods can substantially replace HTS as the first step of small-molecule drug discovery
Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi Mohammad
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasifard Mitra
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd El Razek Hassan Magdy
- Abd El Razek Muhammed Magdy
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi
- Abdullah Kanaan Hamagharib
- Abedi Aidin
- Abedi Parisa
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abosetugn Akine Eshete
- Aboyans Victor
- Abrams Elissa M.
- Abreu Lucas Guimaraes
- Abrigo Michael R. M.
- Abu Haimed Abdulaziz Khalid
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Acebedo Alyssa
- Ackerman Ilana N.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adair Tim
- Adamu Abdu A.
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
- Adedeji Isaac Akinkunmi
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adelson Jaimie D.
- Adeoye Abiodun Moshood
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adham Davoud
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshari Mahdi
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agardh Emilie E.
- Agarwal Gina
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Agesa Kareha M.
- Aghaali Mohammad
- Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
- Agrawal Anurag
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Alireza
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmadpour Ehsan
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Aji Budi
- Akalu Temesgen Yihunie
- Akinyemi Rufus Olusola
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akombi Blessing
- Akunna Chisom Joyqueenet
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa M.
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Noore
- Alam Samiah
- Alam Tahiya
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- Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth
- Alema Niguse Meles
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- Ali Muhammad
- Ali Saqib
- Alicandro Gianfranco
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- Alinia Cyrus
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- Demsie Desalegn Getnet
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- Dereje Nebiyu Dereje
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- Desai Rupak
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- Dessie Getenet Ayalew
- Deuba Keshab
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- Keddie Suzanne H.
- Keiyoro Peter Njenga
- Keller Cathleen
- Kemmer Laura
- Kendrick Parkes J.
- Kereselidze Maia
- Khader Yousef Saleh
- Khafaie Morteza Abdullatif
- Khalid Nauman
- Khammarnia Mohammad
- Khan Ejaz Ahmad
- Khan Gulfaraz
- Khan Maseer
- Khaneghah Amin Mousavi
- Khang Young-Ho
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- Khundkar Roba
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- Moghadam Telma Zahirian
- Moghadaszadeh Masoud
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- Mohamadi Efat
- Mohammad Dara K.
- Mohammad Yousef
- Mohammadbeigi Abolfazl
- Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah
- Mohammadifard Noushin
- Mohammadpourhodki Reza
- Mohammed Ammas Siraj
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- Mohammed Shafiu
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- Moradi Ghobad
- Moradi Masoud
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- Moradi-Lakeh Maziar
- Moradzadeh Rahmatollah
- Moraga Paula
- Morales Linda
- Morawska Lidia
- Morgado-da-Costa Joana
- Morrison Shane Douglas
- Mosapour Abbas
- Mosser Jonathan F.
- Motlagh Soraya Nouraei
- Mouodi Simin
- Mousavi Seyyed Meysam
- Mueller Ulrich Otto
- Mukhopadhyay Satinath
- Mullany Erin C.
- Mumford John Everett
- Munro Sandra B.
- Muriithi Moses K.
- Murray Christopher J. L.
- Musa Kamarul Imran
- Mustafa Ghulam
- Muthupandian Saravanan
- Nabavizadeh Behnam
- Nabhan Ashraf F.
- Naderi Mehdi
- Nagaraja Sharath Burugina
- Nagarajan Ahamarshan Jayaraman
- Nagel Gabriele
- Naghavi Mohsen
- Naghshtabrizi Behshad
- Naik Gurudatta
- Naimzada Mukhammad David
- Nair Sanjeev
- Najafi Farid
- Naldi Luigi
- Nandakumar Vishnu
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- Nangia Vinay
- Nansseu Jobert Richie
- Nasab Entezar Mehrabi
- Naserbakht Morteza
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- Nazari Javad
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- Ndwandwe Duduzile Edith
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- Negoi Ruxandra Irina
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- Nguefack-Tsague Georges
- Ngunjiri Josephine W.
- Nguyen Cuong Tat
- Nguyen Diep Ngoc
- Nguyen Huong Lan Thi
- Nguyen Jason
- Nguyen Michele
- Nguyen Ming
- Nguyen Trang Huyen
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- Nigatu Dabere
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- Nikbakhsh Rajan
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- Norrving Bo
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- Olusanya Bolajoko Olubukunola
- Olusanya Jacob Olusegun
- Oluwasanu Mojisola Morenike
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- Otstavnov Nikita
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- Overland Simon
- Owolabi Mayowa O.
- Padubidri Jagadish Rao
- Pakhale Smita
- Pakhare Abhijit P.
- Pakshir Keyvan
- Palladino Raffaele
- Pana Adrian
- Panda-Jonas Songhomitra
- Pandey Anamika
- Pangaribuan Helena Ullyartha
- Park Eun-Kee
- Park James
- Parmar Priya G. Kumari
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- Pasovic Maja
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- Patel Sangram Kishor
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- Pathak Ashish
- Pathak Mona
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- Patton George C.
- Paudel Deepak
- Paudel Sagun
- Paulson Katherine R.
- Pease Spencer A.
- Peden Amy E.
- Pennini Alyssa
- Pepito Veincent Christian Filipino
- Peprah Emmanuel K.
- Pereira Alexandre
- Pereira David M.
- Pereira Jeevan
- Perico Norberto
- Pescarini Julia Moreira
- Pesudovs Konrad
- Pham Hai Quang
- Phillips Michael R.
- Piccinelli Cristiano
- Pierce Maxwell
- Pigott David M.
- Pilgrim Thomas
- Pilz Tessa M.
- Pinheiro Marina
- Piradov Michael A.
- Pirsaheb Meghdad
- Pishgar Farhad
- Plana-Ripoll Oleguer
- Plass Dietrich
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- Polinder Suzanne
- Polkinghorne Kevan R.
- Pond Constance Dimity
- Postma Maarten J.
- Pottoo Faheem Hyder
- Pourjafar Hadi
- Pourmalek Farshad
- Pourshams Akram
- Poznanska Anna
- Prada Sergio I.
- Prakash Sanjay
- Prakash V.
- Prasad Narayan
- Preotescu Liliana
- Pribadi Dimas Ria Angga
- Pupillo Elisabetta
- Quazi Syed Zahiruddin
- Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina Ayala
- Rabiee Mohammad
- Rabiee Navid
- Radfar Amir
- Rafiee Ata
- Rafiei Alireza
- Raggi Alberto
- Rahim Fakher
- Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin
- Rahman Mohammad Hifz Ur
- Rahman Muhammad Aziz
- Rajabpour-Sanati Ali
- Rajati Fatemeh
- Rakovac Ivo
- Ram Pradhum
- Ramezanzadeh Kiana
- Rana Saleem Muhammad
- Ranabhat Chhabi Lal
- Ranta Annemarei
- Rao Puja C.
- Rao Sowmya J.
- Rasella Davide
- Rashedi Vahid
- Rastogi Prateek
- Rath Goura Kishor
- Rathi Priya
- Rawaf David Laith
- Rawaf Salman
- Rawal Lal
- Rawassizadeh Reza
- Rawat Ramu
- Razo Christian
- Regassa Lemma Demissie
- Reiner Robert C., Jr.
- Reinig Nickolas
- Reitsma Marissa Bettay
- Remuzzi Giuseppe
- Renjith Vishnu
- Renzaho Andre M. N.
- Resnikoff Serge
- Rezaei Negar
- Rezaei Nima
- Rezai Mohammad Sadegh
- Rezapour Aziz
- Rhinehart Phoebe-Anne
- Riahi Seyed Mohammad
- Ribeiro Antonio Luiz P.
- Ribeiro Daniel Cury
- Ribeiro Daniela
- Rickard Jennifer
- Rincon Julio Cesar Campuzano
- Rivera Juan A.
- Robalik Toshana
- Roberts Nicholas L. S.
- Roberts Shaun
- Robinson Stephen R.
- Rodriguez-Ramirez Sonia
- Roever Leonardo
- Rolfe Sam
- Romoli Michele
- Ronfani Luca
- Room Robin
- Roshandel Gholamreza
- Rostamian Morteza
- Roth Gregory A.
- Rothenbacher Dietrich
- Rubagotti Enrico
- Rumisha Susan Fred
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- Saadatagah Seyedmohammad
- Sabour Siamak
- Sachdev Perminder S.
- Saddik Basema
- Sadeghi Ehsan
- Sadeghi Masoumeh
- Saeedi Reza
- Saeidi Shahram
- Safari Yahya
- Safi Sare
- Safiri Saeid
- Sagar Rajesh
- Sahebkar Amirhossein
- Sahraian Mohammad Ali
- Sajadi S. Mohammad
- Salahshoor Mohammad Reza
- Salam Nasir
- Salama Joseph S.
- Salamati Payman
- Salem Hosni
- Salem Marwa R.
- Salimi Yahya
- Salimzadeh Hamideh
- Salman Omar Mukhtar
- Salomon Joshua A.
- Salz Inbal
- Samad Zainab
- Sambala Evanson Zondani
- Samy Abdallah M.
- Sanabria Juan
- Sanchez-Pimienta Tania G.
- Santomauro Damian Francesco
- Santos Itamar S.
- Santos Joao Vasco
- Santric-Milicevic Milena M.
- Saraswathy Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer
- Sarmiento-Suarez Rodrigo
- Sarrafzadegan Nizal
- Sartorius Benn
- Sarveazad Arash
- Sathian Brijesh
- Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
- Sattin Davide
- Savic Miloje
- Sawyer Susan M.
- Saxena Deepak
- Saxena Sonia
- Saylan Mete
- Sbarra Alyssa N.
- Schaeffer Lauren E.
- Schiavolin Silvia
- Schlaich Markus P.
- Schmidt Maria Ines
- Schutte Aletta Elisabeth
- Schwebel David C.
- Schwendicke Falk
- Section Mahesh P. A.
- Seedat Soraya
- Sekerija Mario
- Senbeta Anbissa Muleta
- Senthilkumaran Subramanian
- Sepanlou Sadaf G.
- Serdar Berrin
- Serre Marc L.
- Servan-Mori Edson
- Sha Feng
- Shabani Mahsima
- Shackelford Katya Anne
- Shadid Jamileh
- Shafaat Omid
- Shahabi Saeed
- Shahbaz Mohammad
- Shaheen Amira A.
- Shaikh Masood Ali
- Shaji K. S.
- Shalash Ali S.
- Shams-Beyranvand Mehran
- Shamsi MohammadBagher
- Shamsizadeh Morteza
- Shannawaz Mohammed
- Sharafi Kiomars
- Sharafi Zeinab
- Sharan Subodh
- Sharara Fablina
- Sharifi Hamid
- Sharma Rajesh
- Shaw David H.
- Sheena Brittney S.
- Sheikh Aziz
- Sheikhtaheri Abbas
- Shetty B. Suresh Kumar
- Shetty Ranjitha S.
- Shibuya Kenji
- Shield Kevin David
- Shiferaw Wondimeneh Shibabaw
- Shigematsu Mika
- Shin Min-Jeong
- Shiri Rahman
- Shirkoohi Reza
- Shivakumar K. M.
- Shrime Mark G.
- Shuval Kerem
- Siabani Soraya
- Sierpinski Radoslaw
- Sigfusdottir Inga Dora
- Sigurvinsdottir Rannveig
- Silva Diego Augusto Santos
- Silva Joao Pedro
- Simonetti Biagio
- Simpson Kyle E.
- Singh Ambrish
- Singh Jasvinder A.
- Singh Pushpendra
- Sinha Dhirendra Narain
- Skiadaresi Eirini
- Skou Soren T.
- Skryabin Valentin Yurievich
- Sliwa Karen
- Smith Amanda
- Smith Emma U. R.
- Sobngwi Eugene
- Soheili Amin
- Sokhan Anton
- Soltani Shahin
- Somefun Oluwaseyi Dolapo
- Soofi Moslem
- Sorensen Reed J. D.
- Soriano Joan B.
- Sorrie Muluken Bekele
- Soshnikov Sergey
- Soyiri Ireneous N.
- Spencer Cory N.
- Spotin Adel
- Spurlock Emma Elizabeth
- Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T.
- Srinivasan Vinay
- Sripada Kam
- Stanaway Jeffrey D.
- Stark Benjamin A.
- Steel Nicholas
- Stefan Simona Catalina
- Stein Caroline
- Stein Dan J.
- Steiner Caitlyn
- Steiner Timothy J.
- Steuben Krista M.
- Stockfelt Leo
- Stokes Mark A.
- Stovner Lars Jacob
- Straif Kurt
- Stranges Saverio
- Stubbs Jacob L.
- Suchdev Parminder S.
- Sudaryanto Agus
- Sufiyan Mu'awiyyah Babale
- Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul
- Sulo Gerhard
- Sultan Iyad
- Swope Carolyn B.
- Sykes Bryan L.
- Sylte Dillon O.
- Szocska Miklos
- Szumowski Lukasz
- Tabares-Seisdedos Rafael
- Tabb Karen M.
- Tabuchi Takahiro
- Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar
- Taddele Biruk Wogayehu
- Tadesse Degena Bahrey
- Taherkhani Amir
- Tahir Zarfishan
- Tajdini Masih
- Takahashi Ken
- Takala Jukka S.
- Tamiru Animut Tagele
- Tang Muming
- Tanser Frank C.
- Tareque Md Ismail
- Tarigan Ingan Ukur
- Taveira Nuno
- Taylor Heather Jean
- Teagle Whitney L.
- Teame Hirut
- Tediosi Fabrizio
- Tefera Yonas Getaye
- Tehrani-Banihashemi Arash
- Teklehaimanot Berhane Fseha
- Tela Freweini Gebrearegay
- Temsah Mohamad-Hani
- Terrason Sonyah
- Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn
- Tessema Zemenu Tadesse
- Thakur Bhaskar
- Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
- Thapar Rekha
- Thomas Nihal
- Thomson Azalea M.
- Thrift Amanda G.
- Thurston George D.
- Titova Mariya Vladimirovna
- Tlou Boikhutso
- Tohidinik Hamid Reza
- Tonelli Marcello
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Topouzis Fotis
- Toroudi Hamidreza Pazoki
- Torre Anna E.
- Touvier Mathilde
- Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto
- Traini Eugenio
- Tran Bach Xuan
- Travillian Ravensara
- Trias-Llimos Sergi
- Troeger Christopher E.
- Truelsen Thomas Clement
- Tsai Alexander C.
- Tsatsakis Aristidis
- Tyrovolas Stefanos
- Uddin Riaz
- Ullah Irfan
- Ullah Saif
- Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David
- Undurraga Eduardo A.
- Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran
- Upadhyay Era
- Uthman Olalekan A.
- Vacante Marco
- Vaicekonyte Regina
- Vakilian Alireza
- Valdez Pascual R.
- Valli Alessandro
- Van Donkelaar Aaron
- Vardavas Constantine
- Varughese Santosh
- Vasankari Tommi Juhani
- Vasconcelos Ana Maria Nogales
- Vasseghian Yasser
- Veisani Yousef
- Velasquez Ilais Moreno
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
- Vidale Simone
- Violante Francesco S.
- Vlassov Vasily
- Vollset Stein Emil
- Vongpradith Avina
- Vos Theo
- Vu Giang Thu
- Vujcic Isidora S.
- Vukovic Ana
- Vukovic Rade
- Waheed Yasir
- Wallin Mitchell Taylor
- Walters Magdalene K.
- Wamai Richard G.
- Wang Fang
- Wang Haidong
- Wang Hongbo
- Wang Jiayu
- Wang Yafeng
- Wang Yanzhong
- Wang Yuan-Pang
- Ward Joseph L.
- Watson Alexandrea
- Watson Stefanie
- Wei Jingkai
- Wei Melissa Y. Wei
- Weintraub Robert G.
- Weiss Daniel J.
- Weiss Jordan
- Welay Fissaha Tekulu
- Weldesamuel Girmay Teklay
- Werdecker Andrea
- West J. Jason
- Westerman Ronny
- Whisnant Joanna L.
- Whiteford Harvey A.
- Wiangkham Taweewat
- Wickramasinghe Nuwan Darshana
- Wiens Kirsten E.
- Wijeratne Tissa
- Wilner Lauren B.
- Wilson Shadrach
- Wiysonge Charles Shey
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Woldu Gebremariam
- Wolfe Charles D. A.
- Wondmeneh Temesgen Gebeyehu
- Wondmieneh Adam Belay
- Wool Eve E.
- Wozniak Sarah S.
- Wu Ai-Min
- Wu Chenkai
- Wu Junjie
- Wunrow Han Yong
- Xie Yang
- Xu Gelin
- Xu Rixing
- Yadgir Simon
- Yamada Tomohide
- Yamagishi Kazumasa
- Yaminfirooz Mousa
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yaya Sanni
- Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid
- Yearwood Jamal A.
- Yeheyis Tomas Y.
- Yeshitila Yordanos Gizachew
- Yilgwan Christopher Sabo
- Yilma Mekdes Tigistu
- Yip Paul
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- York Hunter W.
- Younis Mustafa Z.
- Younker Theodore Patrick
- Yousefi Bahman
- Yousefi Zabihollah
- Yousefifard Mahmoud
- Yousefinezhadi Taraneh
- Yousuf Abdilahi Yousuf
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yu Yong
- Yuan Chun-Wei
- Yuce Deniz
- Yusefzadeh Hasan
- Zadey Siddhesh
- Zahabi Saleh Salehi
- Zaidi Syed Saoud
- Zaki Leila
- Zaki Maysaa El Sayed
- Zakzuk Josefina
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zamanian Maryam
- Zandian Hamed
- Zangeneh Alireza
- Zarafshan Hadi
- Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich
- Zewdie Kaleab Alemayehu
- Zhang Jianrong
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhi-Jiang
- Zhao Jeff T.
- Zhao Xiu-Ju George
- Zhao Yingxi
- Zheleva Bistra
- Zheng Peng
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Cong
- Ziapour Arash
- Zimsen Stephanie R. M.
- Zlavog Bianca S.
- Zodpey Sanjay
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens
Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome
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- Israni Sanjay
- Ito Fumiaki
- Ito Noriko
- Itoh Takehiko
- Iwakawa Shinobu
- Iwatate Mariko
- Iwatsu Mikiko
- Iyer Vivek
- Izatt Janet
- Izmajlowicz Monica
- Izumiyama Tomohiro
- Jacintho Mark
- Jackson Laronda R.
- Jackson Terri
- Jacob Leni Susan
- Jaeger Sara
- Jaffe David B.
- Jahn Niels
- Jaklevic Joseph
- Jaklevic Michael
- James Kent W.
- Jareborg Niclas
- Jarek Michael
- Jassal Bijay
- Jeffery Grant
- Jeffery Kim
- Jeffrey Colin
- Jekosch Kerstin
- Jenkins Lee
- Jett Jamie
- Jewett Phillip E.
- Jia Jia
- Jia Jia
- Jia Nan
- Jia Xingchang
- Jiang Lu
- Jiang Yanrui
- Jiang Ziyou
- Jimenez Alberto
- Jin Jian
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- Khan Umer F.
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- Kou Zhaohui
- Kovar Christie L.
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- Lorensuhewa Lorna M.
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- Lowenstein Michael G.
- Lowry Stephen
- Lozado Ryan J.
- Lu Lingfeng
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- Lu Yongxiang
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- Lucier Raymond L.
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- MacLean Christine
- Madabhushi Ramki
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- McMurray Kimberly
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- Mungall Andy
- Munidasa Mala
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- Murayama Yuji
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- Nakagawa Masayo
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- Nguyen Natalie M.
- Nguyen Ngoc Bich
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- Nusbaum Chad
- Nwaokelemeh Ogechi O.
- Nwokenkwo Stanley
- O\u27Donnell Paula
- O\u27Donovan Daniel
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- O\u27Loughlin Jennifer
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- Okui Michiyo
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- Okwuonu Geoffrey O.
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- Olarnpunsagoon Alisa
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- Oliver Hayley
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- Olson Maynard V.
- Omotosho Bamidele
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- Ovcharenko Ivan
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- Oviedo Rodolfo J.
- Ow David
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- Perez Agapito
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- Qin Xiang
- Quail Michael
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- Quiles Miyo M.
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- Sonnhammer Erik
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- Sutherland Grant R.
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- Tatsuyama Miho
- Tatum Owatha I.
- Taudien Stefan
- Taylor Amy
- Taylor Christina C.
- Taylor Gillian
- Taylor Kate
- Taylor Ruth
- Taylor Sam
- Taylor Susan
- Taylor Tineace R.
- Taylor Todd Duane
- Tchuinga Pierre
- Tee Louise
- Telford Ethan Brett
- Tenzin Pema
- Terada Yoriko
- Terry Astrid
- Tesfaye Senait
- Tesmer Judith G.
- Tester Julieanne
- Thayer Nina
- Theaker Andrew
- Theil James
- Theodore Joumathe
- Thexton David
- Thies Stephanie
- Thomas Craig
- Thomas Daniel
- Thomas Daryl J.
- Thomas Karen
- Thomas Nicole
- Thomas Paulette
- Thomas Ruth
- Thomas Shereen
- Thommai Roselin
- Thompson Linda S.
- Thorne Rachel Diane
- Thorpe Andrea
- Thorpe Karen
- Thoulutsang Yama
- Threadgold Glen
- Thurston Scott
- Tian Chaoguang
- Tian Chaoguang
- Tian Wei
- Tian Yan
- Tian Yong
- Tian Yuqing
- Tice Hope
- Tighe Damon
- Tin-Wollam Aye M.
- Tinsley Emma
- Tochigi Miwako
- Togashi Naoko
- Tomizawa Iori
- Tomlinson Chad
- Tong Jingli
- Topham Kerri
- Torcaso Bill
- Torney David C.
- Totoki Yasushi
- Towey Sarah
- Toyoda Atsushi
- Tracey Alan
- Tran Ly Thanh
- Tran-Gyamfi Mary
- Trani Lee
- Trankiem Margie
- Trask Barbara J.
- Travers Johnathan
- Trejos Zulma Y.
- Treuhaft Marianne
- Trevino Brenda Kaye
- Tromans Anthony
- Trong Stephan
- Trumbower Heather
- Tsai Ming
- Tsamla Tsamla
- Tsolas Jason
- Tsomo Nawang
- Tsujimoto Susan
- Tsukamoto Yumi
- Tsuruoka Hiromi
- Tsuzuki Rina
- Tu Yuefeng
- Tu Yuefeng
- Tubby Ben
- Tufarelli Cristina
- Turner Heidi
- Turney Kathryn
- Tynan Katherine
- Ueland Stephanie
- Ueng Samantha
- Ukegbu Ogechi Nkemdirim
- Ulanovsky Levy E.
- Un Chun
- Ung Quyen
- Upson Darren
- Urban Jeremy B.
- Ureta-Vidal Abel
- Ureta-Vidal Abel
- Usmani Kamran
- Ustaszewska Anna
- Uyama Nozomi
- Valas Ruben E.
- Valdez Michelle
- Valle Duane
- Valles Yvonne
- Van Brunt Andrew
- Van Dilla Marvin
- Van Helmond Zoe
- Van Luchene Ryan
- Vardanian Zachary
- Vargas Michelle
- Vargo Charles E.
- Vartanian Steffan
- Vasquez Lydia I.
- Vassiliev Helen
- Vastrik Imre
- Vaudin Mark
- Veil Rose
- Veklerov Eugene
- Velasco Nelson
- Velasquez Lisa
- Venkataranan Vijay
- Vera Virginia A.
- Verduzco Daniel
- Vergez Lisa
- Vico Virginie
- Viknaraja Ramya
- Villasana Donna M.
- Vine Wendy
- Viswanathan Vijay
- Vo Andy
- Vo Nu
- Voak Paul
- Vollenhoven David
- Wada Hiromi
- Wagner Mark
- Wagner-McPherson Caryn
- Waldron Lenee
- Waligorski Jason E.
- Walker Davian L.
- Walker Keya
- Walker Sarah
- Wall Melanie
- Wall Randy E.
- Wallace John
- Wallis Justine
- Wallis Michelle
- Walsh Jennifer
- Walsham Natalie
- Wan Ma
- Wang Chunyan
- Wang Dong
- Wang Feng
- Wang Guangxin
- Wang Guihai
- Wang Guihai
- Wang Hongjuan
- Wang Hongwei
- Wang Huanjie
- Wang Huifeng
- Wang Huifeng
- Wang Jian
- Wang Jian
- Wang Jian
- Wang Jie
- Wang Jing
- Wang Jingqiang
- Wang Jingqiang
- Wang Jinhua
- Wang Joann
- Wang Juan
- Wang Jun
- Wang Jun
- Wang Jun
- Wang Li
- Wang Lijie
- Wang Lijuan
- Wang Lijun
- Wang Ling
- Wang Liqun
- Wang Mei
- Wang Qiaoyan
- Wang Shifen
- Wang Shu
- Wang Suzhen
- Wang Wenjun
- Wang Xiaoling
- Wang Xiaoning
- Wang Xuefei
- Wang Xuegang
- Wang Yan
- Wang Yimin
- Wang Ying
- Wang Ying
- Wang Yuanyuan
- Wangchuck Tsering
- Wangdi Tsering
- Ward-Moore Stephanie
- Warren Graham
- Warren James T.
- Warry Georgina
- Watanabe Hidemi
- Watanabe Saki
- Waterston Robert H.
- Watson Andy
- Watt Nicola
- Webb Anthony
- Webb Jeannette
- Webber Caleb
- Weber Ryan J.
- Wehri Edward
- Wei Shulin
- Wei Xuehong
- Weidenbach Richard
- Weinstock George
- Weinstock Keith
- Weir John
- Weissenbach Jean
- Wells Alan
- Wells Sarah
- Welton Robert
- Wen Gaiping
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- Weng Li
- Wenning Sarah
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- Werler Daniela
- Wesley Mary Melissa
- West Paul
- West Tony
- Wetterstrand Kris
- Wheatley Angela
- Wheatley Carl
- Wheeler David A.
- Wheeler Gideon
- Wheeler Jeremy
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- White Adam
- White Amelia
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- White Catherine
- White Flower
- White Jennifer
- White Johnathon
- White P. Scott
- White Scott P.
- White Simon
- Whitehead Sally
- Whiteley Matthew
- Whitmore Scott
- Whittaker Adam
- Whittaker Charles
- Whittaker Pamela
- Wickremasinghe Manosha I.
- Widaa Sara
- Wiegel Sarah
- Wild Anna
- Wilkinson Jane
- Wilkinson Jane
- Wilkinson Paul
- Willey David
- Williams Albert L.
- Williams Andy
- Williams Bill
- Williams Gabrielle A.
- Williams Leanne
- Williamson Angela L.
- Williamson Helen
- Wills Patricia L.
- Wills Richard
- Wilmer Tamsin
- Wilming Laurens
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- Wilson Gareth
- Wilson Margaret
- Wilson Nyree
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- Wilson Richard K.
- Wilson Siobhan
- Wilson Steve
- Wilson Wendy
- Wincker Patrick
- Window Philip
- Winster Jenny
- Winzar Claire
- Witt James
- Wleczyk Regina
- Wobus Fred
- Woessner Jeffrey
- Wohldmann Patty
- Wollard Jessica
- Womack Andrew W.
- Wong Benjamin
- Wong Gane K-S
- Wood Diane
- Wood Emma
- Wood Joe
- Wooden Hailey S.
- Wooden Steven H.
- Woodeson Sharon
- Woodfine Kathryn
- Woodmansey Rebecca
- Woods Eric
- Woodwark Cara
- Wooster Richard
- Worley Kim Carlyle
- Woyke Tanja
- Wray Matthew
- Wray Paul
- Wright Charmain
- Wright Debbie
- Wright Kathrine
- Wright Kristin
- Wright Rita A.
- Wu Chungen
- Wu Dongying
- Wu Jiaqian
- Wu Jung-Rung
- Wu Kevin
- Wu Qingfa
- Wu Qingfa
- Wu Ruiming
- Wu Xiao
- Wu Xiaojing
- Wu Zaining
- Wyatt Julia
- Wycoff-Montenegro Melissa
- Wylie Kris
- Wyman Dudley
- Wyman Stacia
- Xi Yan
- Xi Yingying
- Xie Fei
- Xie Gary
- Xie Jane
- Xiong Hui
- Xiong Yuqing
- Xu Alex
- Xu Jing
- Xu Jing
- Xu Ruqin
- Xu Shuhua
- Xu Wei
- Xu Xinlai
- Xu Yan
- Xu Yuning
- Xu Zhihong
- Xu Zuyuan
- Xuan Yali
- Xuan Zhenyu
- Xue Rui
- Yada Tetsushi
- Yadav Shailendra
- Yakub Syed
- Yamamoto Lynn
- Yamamoto Noriko
- Yamamoto Yuko
- Yamashita Yasue
- Yamazaki Satoru
- Yang Hao
- Yang Huanming
- Yang Huanming
- Yang Joan
- Yang Shiaw-Pyng
- Yang Shudong
- Yang Xiaonan
- Yang Xiaonan
- Yang Xiaoping
- Yang Yongkui
- Yano Candance
- Yao Zhijian
- Yao Zhijian
- Yaspo Marie-Laure
- Ye Chen
- Yeager Shane
- Yeh Mimi
- Yen Jennifer
- Yeshitela Rahel Retta
- Yoakum Martin
- Yokobata Kathy
- Yokoyama Jennifer
- Yonezawa Miho
- Yoon Lillienne
- Yoon Vivienne
- Yoshida Satoru
- You Bo
- Young Geneva
- Young Louise
- Young Shelia
- Younger Ruth
- Yu Bing
- Yu Charles
- Yu Fuli
- Yu Jun
- Yu Jun
- Yu Jun
- Yuan Kaiwen
- Yuan Ye
- Yuan Yida
- Yue Shujie
- Yumae Brian
- Yun Rui
- Zainoun Joanne
- Zembeck Lisa
- Zeng Yixin
- Zhai Dong
- Zhan Guoping
- Zhang Bo
- Zhang Caimin
- Zhang Fengmei
- Zhang Guangyu
- Zhang Guohua
- Zhang Guohua
- Zhang Haiqing
- Zhang Haiqing
- Zhang Haiqing
- Zhang Hongbo
- Zhang Hongbo
- Zhang Jingjing
- Zhang Jingjing
- Zhang Jingkun
- Zhang Jiuchun
- Zhang Jiuchun
- Zhang Lanzhi
- Zhang Li
- Zhang Li
- Zhang Meihua
- Zhang Meng
- Zhang Ming
- Zhang Qing
- Zhang Ruhua
- Zhang Shaojie
- Zhang Tiezhen
- Zhang Wei
- Zhang Wei
- Zhang Xianglin
- Zhang Xianglin
- Zhang Xiaoliang
- Zhang Xiuqing
- Zhang Yan
- Zhang Yi
- Zhang Yilin
- Zhang Yilin
- Zhang Ying
- Zhang Yuansen
- Zhang Yuzhi
- Zhang Zhengdong
- Zhao Hongmei
- Zhao Lijian
- Zhao Shenru
- Zhao Zhijing
- Zhen Zhicheng
- Zheng Haibo
- Zhong Ming
- Zhou Carol
- Zhou Haixia
- Zhou Jianling
- Zhou Nannan
- Zhou Xinfeng
- Zhou Yan
- Zhou Yang
- Zhou Yi
- Zhu Bingying
- Zhu Bofeng
- Zhu Fenghua
- Zhu Genfeng
- Zhu Genfeng
- Zhu Miao
- Zhu Ning
- Zhu Yongge
- Zhu Zhen
- Zhuang Shitao
- Zierten Deborah
- Zimmer Andrew
- Zody Michael C.
- Zollo Massimo
- Zorrilla Sara E.
- Zuo Lin
- Publication venue
- LSU Digital Commons
- Publication date
- 21/10/2004
- Field of study
The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead
The Performance of Primary Dual-Mobility Total Hip Arthroplasty in Patients Aged 55 Years and Younger: A Systematic Review
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 01/12/2023
- Field of study
Background: Dual-mobility (DM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) combines the stabilization advantage provided by large head articulation with the low friction advantage provided by small head articulation. There is momentum for DM to be used in a wider selection of patients, with some advocating for DM to be the routine primary total hip construct. Further investigation is needed to determine whether the use of DM in younger adults is validated by aggregate data. Our objective was to review the literature for the clinical performance of DM THA in patients aged 55 years and younger. Methods: A systematic review of the literature was performed according to the guidelines of Preferred Reporting in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Inclusion in the review required clinical outcome reporting for DM primary THA in ambulatory patients aged 55 years or younger. The risk of bias was appraised using the Cochrane risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of interventions and the quality of the evidence was appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework. Results: Across a sample of 1048 cases, the frequency weighted term of follow-up was 87.7 months. The pooled rate of revision was 9.5%. The Harris Hip Score significantly improved from 49.1 preoperatively to 93 postoperatively. The Postel-Merle d'Aubigné score significantly improved from 10.5 preoperatively to 17.1 postoperatively. Conclusions: The literature demonstrates satisfactory short-term outcomes with a mitigated risk of dislocation for DM used as primary THA in patients aged 55 years and younger. The current findings suggest that third-generation designs provide reduced rates of intraprosthetic dislocation and improved survivorship
Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Aboyans Victor
- Abreu Lucas Guimarães
- Abrigo Michael R.M.
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adeoye Abiodun Moshood
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adham Davoud
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agarwal Gina
- Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
- Agrawal Anurag
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Akalu Temesgen Yihunie
- Akinyemi Rufus Olusola
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akombi Blessing
- Akunna Chisom Joyqueenet
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Samiah
- Alam Tahiya
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M.
- Alemu Biresaw wassihun
- Alhabib Khalid F.
- Ali Muhammad
- Ali Saqib
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alinia Cyrus
- Alipour Vahid
- Alizade Hesam
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alla François
- Allebeck Peter
- Almasi-Hashiani Amir
- Alonso Jordi
- Altirkawi Khalid A.
- Amini-Rarani Mostafa
- Amiri Fatemeh
- Amugsi Dickson A.
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Anderson Jason A.
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Andrei Tudorel
- Angus Colin
- Anjomshoa Mina
- Ansari Fereshteh
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Antonazzo Ippazio Cosimo
- Antonio Carl Abelardo T.
- Antony Catherine M.
- Antriyandarti Ernoiz
- Anvari Davood
- Anwer Razique
- Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw
- Arab-Zozani Morteza
- Arabloo Jalal
- Aravkin Aleksandr Y.
- Ariani Filippo
- Armoon Bahram
- Arzani Afsaneh
- Asadi-Aliabadi Mehran
- Asadi-Pooya Ali A.
- Ashbaugh Charlie
- Assmus Michael
- Atafar Zahra
- Atnafu Desta Debalkie
- Atout Maha Moh d.Wahbi
- Ausloos Floriane
- Ausloos Marcel
- Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina
- Ayano Getinet
- Ayanore Martin Amogre
- Azari Samad
- Azarian Ghasem
- Azene Zelalem Nigussie
- Badawi Alaa
- Badiye Ashish D.
- Bahrami Mohammad Amin
- Bakhshaei Mohammad Hossein
- Bakhtiari Ahad
- Bakkannavar Shankar M.
- Baldasseroni Alberto
- Ball Kylie
- Ballew Shoshana H.
- Balzi Daniela
- Banach Maciej
- Banerjee Srikanta K.
- Bante Agegnehu Bante
- Baraki Adhanom Gebreegziabher
- Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn
- Barrero Lope H.
- Barthelemy Celine M.
- Barua Lingkan
- Basu Sanjay
- Baune Bernhard T.
- Bayati Mohsen
- Becker Jacob S.
- Bedi Neeraj
- Beghi Ettore
- Bell Michellr L.
- Bennitt Fiona B.
- Bensenor Isabela M.
- Berhe Kidanemaryam
- Berman Adam E.
- Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth
- Bhageerathy Reshmi
- Bhala Neeraj
- Bhandari Dinesh
- Bhattacharyya Krittika
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
- Bijani Ali
- Bikbov Boris
- Bin Sayeed Muhammad Shahdaat
- Biondi Antonio
- Birihane Binyam Minuye
- Bisignano Catherine
- Biswas Raaj Kishore
- Bitew Helen
- Bohlouli Somayeh
- Bohluli Mehdi
- Boon-Dooley Alexandra S.
- Borges Guilherme
- Borzouei Shiva
- Borzì Antonio Maria
- Bosetti Cristina
- Boufous Soufiane
- Braithwaite Dejana
- Brauer Michael
- Breitborde Nicholas J.K.
- Breitner Susanne
- Brenner Hermann
- Briant Paul Svitil
- Briko Andrey Nikolaevich
- Briko Nikolay Ivanovich
- Britton Gabrielle B.
- Bryazka Dana
- Bumgarner Blair R.
- Burkart Katrin
- Burnett Richard Thomas
- Burugina Nagaraja Sharath
- Butt Zahid A.
- Bärnighausen Till Winfried
- Béjot Yannick
- Caetano dos Santos Florentino Luciano
- Cahill Leah E.
- Campos-Nonato Ismael R.
- Carreras Giulia
- Carrero Juan J.
- Carvalho Felix
- Castaldelli-Maia Joao Mauricio
- Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos A.
- Castelpietra Giulio
- Castro Franz
- Causey Kate
- Cederroth Christopher R.
- Cercy Kelly M.
- Cerin Ester
- Chandan Joht Singh
- Chang Kai Lan
- Charlson Fiona J.
- Chattu Vijay Kumar
- Chaturvedi Sarika
- Cherbuin Nicolas
- Chimed-Ochir Odgerel
- Cho Daniel Youngwhan
- Choi Jee Young Jasmine
- Christensen Hanne
- Chu Dinh Toi
- Chung Michael T.
- Chung Sheng Chia
- Cicuttini Flavia M.
- Ciobanu Liliana G.
- Cirillo Massimo
- Classen Thomas Khaled Dwayne
- Cohen Aaron J.
- Compton Kelly
- Cooper Owen R.
- Costa Vera Marisa
- Cousin Ewerton
- Cowden Richard G.
- Cross Di H.
- Cruz Jessica A.
- Cámera Luis LA Alberto
- Cárdenas Rosario
- Dahlawi Saad M.A.
- Damasceno Albertino Antonio Moura
- Damiani Giovanni
- Dandona Lalit
- Dandona Rakhi
- Dangel William James
- Danielsson Anna Karin
- Dargan Paul I.
- Darwesh Aso Mohammad
- Daryani Ahmad
- Das Gupta Rajat
- das Neves José
- Das Jai K.
- Davitoiu Dragos Virgil
- De Leo Diego
- Degenhardt Louisa
- DeLang Marissa
- Dellavalle Robert Paul
- Demeke Feleke Mekonnen
- Demoz Gebre Teklemariam
- Demsie Desalegn Getnet
- Denova-Gutiérrez Edgar
- Dervenis Nikolaos
- Dhungana Govinda Prasad
- Dianatinasab Mostafa
- Dias da Silva Diana
- Diaz Daniel
- Dibaji Forooshani Zahra Sadat
- dIRAS RA-2
- Djalalinia Shirin
- Do Hoa Thi
- Dokova Klara
- Dorostkar Fariba
- Doshmangir Leila
- Driscoll Tim Robert
- Duncan Bruce B.
- Duraes Andre Rodrigues
- Dávila-Cervantes Claudio Alberto
- Eagan Arielle Wilder
- Edvardsson David
- El Nahas Nevine
- El Sayed Iman
- El Tantawi Maha
- El-Jaafary Shaimaa I.
- Elbarazi Iffat
- Elgendy Islam Y.
- Elyazar Iqbal RF
- Emmons-Bell Sophia
- Erskine Holly E.
- Eskandarieh Sharareh
- Esmaeilnejad Saman
- Esteghamati Alireza
- Estep Kara
- Etemadi Arash
- Etisso Atkilt Esaiyas
- Fanzo Jessica
- Farahmand Mohammad
- Fareed Mohammad
- Faridnia Roghiyeh
- Farioli Andrea
- Faro Andre
- Faruque Mithila
- Farzadfar Farshad
- Fattahi Nazir
- Fazlzadeh Mehdi
- Feigin Valery L.
- Feldman Rachel
- Fereshtehnejad Seyed Mohammad
- Fernandes Eduarda
- Ferrara Giannina
- Ferrari Alize J.
- Ferreira Manuela L.
- Filip Irina
- Fischer Florian
- Fisher James L.
- Flor Luisa Sorio
- Foigt Nataliya A.
- Folayan Morenike Oluwatoyin
- Fomenkov Artem Alekseevich
- Force Lisa M.
- Foroutan Masoud
- Franklin Richard Charles
- Freitas Marisa
- Fu Weijia
- Fukumoto Takeshi
- Furtado João M.
- Gad Mohamed M.
- Gakidou Emmanuela
- Gallus Silvano
- Garcia-Basteiro Alberto L.
- Gardner William M.
- Geberemariyam Biniyam Sahiledengle
- Gebreslassie Assefa Ayalew Ayalew Ayalew
- Geremew Abraham
- Gershberg Hayoon Anna
- Gething Peter W.
- Ghadimi Maryam
- Ghadiri Keyghobad
- Ghaffarifar Fatemeh
- Ghafourifard Mansour
- Ghamari Farhad
- Ghashghaee Ahmad
- Ghiasvand Hesam
- Ghith Nermin
- Gholamian Asadollah
- Ghosh Rakesh
- Gill Paramjit Singh
- Ginindza Themba G.G.
- Giussani Giorgia
- Gnedovskaya Elena V.
- Goharinezhad Salime
- Gopalani Sameer Vali
- Gorini Giuseppe
- Goudarzi Houman
- Goulart Alessandra C.
- Greaves Felix
- Grivna Michal
- Grosso Giuseppe
- Gubari Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen
- Gugnani Harish Chander
- Guimarães Rafael Alves
- Guled Rashid Abdi
- Guo Gaorui
- Guo Yuming
- Gupta Rajeev
- Gupta Tarun
- Haddock Beatrix
- Hafezi-Nejad Nima
- Hafiz Abdul
- Haj-Mirzaian Arvin
- Haj-Mirzaian Arya
- Hall Brian J.
- Halvaei Iman
- Hamadeh Randah R.
- Hamidi Samer
- Hammer Melanie S.
- Hankey Graeme J.
- Haririan Hamidreza
- Haro Josep Maria
- Hasaballah Ahmed I.
- Hasan Md Mehedi
- Hasanpoor Edris
- Hashi Abdiwahab
- Hassanipour Soheil
- Hassankhani Hadi
- Havmoeller Rasmus J.
- Hay Simon I.
- Hayat Khezar
- Heidari Golnaz
- Heidari-Soureshjani Reza
- Henrikson Hannah J.
- Herbert Molly E.
- Herteliu Claudiu
- Heydarpour Fatemeh
- Hird Thomas R.
- Hoek Hans W.
- Holla Ramesh
- Hoogar Praveen
- Hosgood H. Dean
- Hossain Naznin
- Hosseini Mostafa
- Hosseinzadeh Mehdi
- Hostiuc Mihaela
- Hostiuc Sorin
- Househ Mowafa
- Hsairi Mohamed
- Hsieh Vivian Chia rong
- Hu Guoqing
- Hu Kejia
- Huda Tanvir M.
- Humayun Ayesha
- Huynh Chantal K.
- Hwang Bing Fang
- Iannucci Vincent C.
- Ibitoye Segun Emmanuel
- Ikeda Nayu
- Ikuta Kevin S.
- Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen
- Ilic Irena M.
- Ilic Milena D.
- Inbaraj Leeberk Raja
- Ippolito Helen
- Iqbal Usman
- IRAS OH Epidemiology Chemical Agents
- Irvani Seyed Sina Naghibi
- Irvine Caleb Mackay Salpeter
- Islam M. Mofizul
- Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
- Iso Hiroyasu
- Ivers Rebecca Q.
- Iwu Chidozie C.D.
- Iwu Chinwe Juliana
- Iyamu Ihoghosa Osamuyi
- Jaafari Jalil
- Jacobsen Kathryn H.
- Jafari Hussain
- Jafarinia Morteza
- Jahani Mohammad Ali
- Jakovljevic Mihajlo
- Jalilian Farzad
- James Spencer L.
- Janjani Hosna
- Javaheri Tahereh
- Javidnia Javad
- Jeemon Panniyammakal
- Jenabi Ensiyeh
- Jha Ravi Prakash
- Jha Vivekanand
- Ji John S.
- Johansson Lars
- John Oommen
- John-Akinola Yetunde O.
- Johnson Catherine Owens
- Jonas Jost B.
- Joukar Farahnaz
- Jozwiak Jacek Jerzy
- Jürisson Mikk
- Kabir Ali
- Kabir Zubair
- Kalani Hamed
- Kalani Rizwan
- Kalankesh Leila R.
- Kalhor Rohollah
- Kanchan Tanuj
- Kapoor Neeti
- Karami Matin Behzad
- Karch André
- Karim Mohd Anisul
- Kassa Getachew Mullu
- Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal
- Kayode Gbenga A.
- Kazemi Karyani Ali
- Keiyoro Peter Njenga
- Keller Cathleen
- Kemmer Laura
- Kendrick Parkes J.
- Khalid Nauman
- Khammarnia Mohammad
- Khan Ejaz Ahmad
- Khan Maseer
- Khatab Khaled
- Khater Mona M.
- Khatib Mahalaqua Nazli
- Khayamzadeh Maryam
- Khazaei Salman
- Kieling Christian
- Kim Yun Jin
- Kimokoti Ruth W.
- Kisa Adnan
- Kisa Sezer
- Kivimäki Mika
- Knibbs Luke D.
- Knudsen Ann Kristin Skrindo
- Kocarnik Jonathan M.
- Kochhar Sonali
- Kopec Jacek A.
- Korshunov Vladimir Andreevich
- Koul Parvaiz A.
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- Yousefi Zabihollah
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- Yusefzadeh Hasan
- Zahirian Moghadam Telma
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- Zamanian Maryam
- Zandian Hamed
- Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhi Jiang
- Zhao Jeff T.
- Zhao Xiu Ju George
- Zhao Yingxi
- Zheng Peng
- Zhou Maigeng
- Ziapour Arash
- Zimsen Stephanie R.M.
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Øverland Simon
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods: GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk–outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk–outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk–outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. Findings: The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·51–12·1) deaths (19·2% [16·9–21·3] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8·71 million (8·12–9·31) deaths (15·4% [14·6–16·2] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253–350) DALYs (11·6% [10·3–13·1] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0–9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10–24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25–49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50–74 years and 75 years and older. Interpretation: Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.Peer reviewe
Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Aboyans Victor
- Abreu Lucas Guimarães
- Abrigo Michael R.M.
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adeoye Abiodun Moshood
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adham Davoud
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agarwal Gina
- Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
- Agrawal Anurag
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Akalu Temesgen Yihunie
- Akinyemi Rufus Olusola
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akombi Blessing
- Akunna Chisom Joyqueenet
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Samiah
- Alam Tahiya
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M.
- Alemu Biresaw wassihun
- Alhabib Khalid F.
- Ali Muhammad
- Ali Saqib
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alinia Cyrus
- Alipour Vahid
- Alizade Hesam
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alla François
- Allebeck Peter
- Almasi-Hashiani Amir
- Alonso Jordi
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- Amini-Rarani Mostafa
- Amiri Fatemeh
- Amugsi Dickson A.
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- Das Gupta Rajat
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- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhi Jiang
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- Zhao Yingxi
- Zheng Peng
- Zhou Maigeng
- Ziapour Arash
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- Ärnlöv Johan
- Øverland Simon
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 17/10/2020
- Field of study
Background: Rigorous analysis of levels and trends in exposure to leading risk factors and quantification of their effect on human health are important to identify where public health is making progress and in which cases current efforts are inadequate. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides a standardised and comprehensive assessment of the magnitude of risk factor exposure, relative risk, and attributable burden of disease. Methods: GBD 2019 estimated attributable mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years of life lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 87 risk factors and combinations of risk factors, at the global level, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. GBD uses a hierarchical list of risk factors so that specific risk factors (eg, sodium intake), and related aggregates (eg, diet quality), are both evaluated. This method has six analytical steps. (1) We included 560 risk–outcome pairs that met criteria for convincing or probable evidence on the basis of research studies. 12 risk–outcome pairs included in GBD 2017 no longer met inclusion criteria and 47 risk–outcome pairs for risks already included in GBD 2017 were added based on new evidence. (2) Relative risks were estimated as a function of exposure based on published systematic reviews, 81 systematic reviews done for GBD 2019, and meta-regression. (3) Levels of exposure in each age-sex-location-year included in the study were estimated based on all available data sources using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression method, or alternative methods. (4) We determined, from published trials or cohort studies, the level of exposure associated with minimum risk, called the theoretical minimum risk exposure level. (5) Attributable deaths, YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs were computed by multiplying population attributable fractions (PAFs) by the relevant outcome quantity for each age-sex-location-year. (6) PAFs and attributable burden for combinations of risk factors were estimated taking into account mediation of different risk factors through other risk factors. Across all six analytical steps, 30 652 distinct data sources were used in the analysis. Uncertainty in each step of the analysis was propagated into the final estimates of attributable burden. Exposure levels for dichotomous, polytomous, and continuous risk factors were summarised with use of the summary exposure value to facilitate comparisons over time, across location, and across risks. Because the entire time series from 1990 to 2019 has been re-estimated with use of consistent data and methods, these results supersede previously published GBD estimates of attributable burden. Findings: The largest declines in risk exposure from 2010 to 2019 were among a set of risks that are strongly linked to social and economic development, including household air pollution; unsafe water, sanitation, and handwashing; and child growth failure. Global declines also occurred for tobacco smoking and lead exposure. The largest increases in risk exposure were for ambient particulate matter pollution, drug use, high fasting plasma glucose, and high body-mass index. In 2019, the leading Level 2 risk factor globally for attributable deaths was high systolic blood pressure, which accounted for 10·8 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 9·51–12·1) deaths (19·2% [16·9–21·3] of all deaths in 2019), followed by tobacco (smoked, second-hand, and chewing), which accounted for 8·71 million (8·12–9·31) deaths (15·4% [14·6–16·2] of all deaths in 2019). The leading Level 2 risk factor for attributable DALYs globally in 2019 was child and maternal malnutrition, which largely affects health in the youngest age groups and accounted for 295 million (253–350) DALYs (11·6% [10·3–13·1] of all global DALYs that year). The risk factor burden varied considerably in 2019 between age groups and locations. Among children aged 0–9 years, the three leading detailed risk factors for attributable DALYs were all related to malnutrition. Iron deficiency was the leading risk factor for those aged 10–24 years, alcohol use for those aged 25–49 years, and high systolic blood pressure for those aged 50–74 years and 75 years and older. Interpretation: Overall, the record for reducing exposure to harmful risks over the past three decades is poor. Success with reducing smoking and lead exposure through regulatory policy might point the way for a stronger role for public policy on other risks in addition to continued efforts to provide information on risk factor harm to the general public. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi Mohammad
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasifard Mitra
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd El Razek Hassan Magdy
- Abd El Razek Muhammed Magdy
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi
- Abdullah Kanaan Hamagharib
- Abedi Aidin
- Abedi Parisa
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abosetugn Akine Eshete
- Aboyans Victor
- Abrams Elissa M.
- Abreu Lucas Guimaraes
- Abrigo Michael R. M.
- Abu Haimed Abdulaziz Khalid
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Acebedo Alyssa
- Ackerman Ilana N.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adair Tim
- Adamu Abdu A.
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
- Adedeji Isaac Akinkunmi
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adelson Jaimie D.
- Adeoye Abiodun Moshood
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adham Davoud
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshari Mahdi
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agardh Emilie E.
- Agarwal Gina
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Agesa Kareha M.
- Aghaali Mohammad
- Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem
- Agrawal Anurag
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Alireza
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmadpour Ehsan
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Aji Budi
- Akalu Temesgen Yihunie
- Akinyemi Rufus Olusola
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akombi Blessing
- Akunna Chisom Joyqueenet
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa M.
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Noore
- Alam Samiah
- Alam Tahiya
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M.
- Albertson Samuel B.
- Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth
- Alema Niguse Meles
- Alemu Biresaw Wassihun
- Alemu Yihun Mulugeta
- Alhabib Khalid F.
- Alhassan Robert Kaba
- Ali Muhammad
- Ali Saqib
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alijanzadeh Mehran
- Alinia Cyrus
- Alipour Vahid
- Alizade Hesam
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alla Francois
- Allebeck Peter
- Almadi Majid Abdulrahman Hamad
- Almasi Ali
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- Almulhim Abdulaziz M.
- Alonso Jordi
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- Amare Azmeraw T.
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- Amini Saeed
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- Aminorroaya Arya
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- Anbesu Etsay Woldu
- Ancuceanu Robert
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- Anderson Jason A.
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- Angus Colin
- Anjomshoa Mina
- Ansari Fereshteh
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- Armoon Bahram
- Arnlov Johan
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- Nguyen Trang Huyen
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- Nigatu Dabere
- Nigatu Yeshambel T.
- Nikbakhsh Rajan
- Nikpoor Amin Reza
- Nixon Molly R.
- Nnaji Chukwudi A.
- Nomura Shuhei
- Norheim Ole F.
- Norrving Bo
- Noubiap Jean Jacques
- Nowak Christoph
- Nsoesie Elaine Okanyene
- Nunez-Samudio Virginia
- Oancea Bogdan
- Odell Christopher M.
- Ogbo Felix Akpojene
- Oghenetega Onome Bright
- Oh In-Hwan
- Oiu Adrian O.
- Okunga Emmanuel Wandera
- Oladnabi Morteza
- Olagunju Andrew T.
- Olusanya Bolajoko Olubukunola
- Olusanya Jacob Olusegun
- Oluwasanu Mojisola Morenike
- Omer Muktar Omer
- Ong Kanyin L.
- Ong Sokking
- Onwujekwe Obinna E.
- Oren Eyal
- Orji Aislyn U.
- Orpana Heather M.
- Ortega-Altamirano Doris V.
- Ortiz Alberto
- Osarenotor Osayomwanbo
- Osei Frank B.
- Ostojic Sergej M.
- Ostroff Samuel M.
- Otstavnov Nikita
- Otstavnov Stanislav S.
- Overland Simon
- Owolabi Mayowa O.
- Padubidri Jagadish Rao
- Pakhale Smita
- Pakhare Abhijit P.
- Pakshir Keyvan
- Palladino Raffaele
- Pana Adrian
- Panda-Jonas Songhomitra
- Pandey Anamika
- Pangaribuan Helena Ullyartha
- Park Eun-Kee
- Park James
- Parmar Priya G. Kumari
- Parry Charles D. H.
- Pasovic Maja
- Pasupula Deepak Kumar
- Patel Jenil R.
- Patel Sangram Kishor
- Paternina-Caicedo Angel J.
- Pathak Ashish
- Pathak Mona
- Patten Scott B.
- Patton George C.
- Paudel Deepak
- Paudel Sagun
- Paulson Katherine R.
- Pease Spencer A.
- Peden Amy E.
- Pennini Alyssa
- Pepito Veincent Christian Filipino
- Peprah Emmanuel K.
- Pereira Alexandre
- Pereira David M.
- Pereira Jeevan
- Perico Norberto
- Pescarini Julia Moreira
- Pesudovs Konrad
- Pham Hai Quang
- Phillips Michael R.
- Piccinelli Cristiano
- Pierce Maxwell
- Pigott David M.
- Pilgrim Thomas
- Pilz Tessa M.
- Pinheiro Marina
- Piradov Michael A.
- Pirsaheb Meghdad
- Pishgar Farhad
- Plana-Ripoll Oleguer
- Plass Dietrich
- Pletcher Martin
- Pokhrel Khem Narayan
- Polibin Roman V.
- Polinder Suzanne
- Polkinghorne Kevan R.
- Pond Constance Dimity
- Postma Maarten J.
- Pottoo Faheem Hyder
- Pourjafar Hadi
- Pourmalek Farshad
- Pourshams Akram
- Poznanska Anna
- Prada Sergio I.
- Prakash Sanjay
- Prakash V.
- Prasad Narayan
- Preotescu Liliana
- Pribadi Dimas Ria Angga
- Pupillo Elisabetta
- Quazi Syed Zahiruddin
- Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina Ayala
- Rabiee Mohammad
- Rabiee Navid
- Radfar Amir
- Rafiee Ata
- Rafiei Alireza
- Raggi Alberto
- Rahim Fakher
- Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin
- Rahman Mohammad Hifz Ur
- Rahman Muhammad Aziz
- Rajabpour-Sanati Ali
- Rajati Fatemeh
- Rakovac Ivo
- Ram Pradhum
- Ramezanzadeh Kiana
- Rana Saleem Muhammad
- Ranabhat Chhabi Lal
- Ranta Annemarei
- Rao Puja C.
- Rao Sowmya J.
- Rasella Davide
- Rashedi Vahid
- Rastogi Prateek
- Rath Goura Kishor
- Rathi Priya
- Rawaf David Laith
- Rawaf Salman
- Rawal Lal
- Rawassizadeh Reza
- Rawat Ramu
- Razo Christian
- Regassa Lemma Demissie
- Reiner Jr., Robert C.
- Reinig Nickolas
- Reitsma Marissa Bettay
- Remuzzi Giuseppe
- Renjith Vishnu
- Renzaho Andre M. N.
- Resnikoff Serge
- Rezaei Negar
- Rezaei Nima
- Rezai Mohammad Sadegh
- Rezapour Aziz
- Rhinehart Phoebe-Anne
- Riahi Seyed Mohammad
- Ribeiro Antonio Luiz P.
- Ribeiro Daniel Cury
- Ribeiro Daniela
- Rickard Jennifer
- Rincon Julio Cesar Campuzano
- Rivera Juan A.
- Robalik Toshana
- Roberts Nicholas L. S.
- Roberts Shaun
- Robinson Stephen R.
- Rodriguez-Ramirez Sonia
- Roever Leonardo
- Rolfe Sam
- Romoli Michele
- Ronfani Luca
- Room Robin
- Roshandel Gholamreza
- Rostamian Morteza
- Roth Gregory A.
- Rothenbacher Dietrich
- Rubagotti Enrico
- Rumisha Susan Fred
- Rwegerera Godfrey M.
- Saadatagah Seyedmohammad
- Sabour Siamak
- Sachdev Perminder S.
- Saddik Basema
- Sadeghi Ehsan
- Sadeghi Masoumeh
- Saeedi Reza
- Saeidi Shahram
- Safari Yahya
- Safi Sare
- Safiri Saeid
- Sagar Rajesh
- Sahebkar Amirhossein
- Sahraian Mohammad Ali
- Sajadi S. Mohammad
- Salahshoor Mohammad Reza
- Salam Nasir
- Salama Joseph S.
- Salamati Payman
- Salem Hosni
- Salem Marwa R.
- Salimi Yahya
- Salimzadeh Hamideh
- Salman Omar Mukhtar
- Salomon Joshua A.
- Salz Inbal
- Samad Zainab
- Sambala Evanson Zondani
- Samy Abdallah M.
- Sanabria Juan
- Sanchez-Pimienta Tania G.
- Santomauro Damian Francesco
- Santos Itamar S.
- Santos Joao Vasco
- Santric-Milicevic Milena M.
- Saraswathy Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer
- Sarmiento-Suarez Rodrigo
- Sarrafzadegan Nizal
- Sartorius Benn
- Sarveazad Arash
- Sathian Brijesh
- Sathish Thirunavukkarasu
- Sattin Davide
- Savic Miloje
- Sawyer Susan M.
- Saxena Deepak
- Saxena Sonia
- Saylan Mete
- Sbarra Alyssa N.
- Schaeffer Lauren E.
- Schiavolin Silvia
- Schlaich Markus P.
- Schmidt Maria Ines
- Schutte Aletta Elisabeth
- Schwebel David C.
- Schwendicke Falk
- Section Mahesh P. A.
- Seedat Soraya
- Sekerija Mario
- Senbeta Anbissa Muleta
- Senthilkumaran Subramanian
- Sepanlou Sadaf G.
- Serdar Berrin
- Serre Marc L.
- Servan-Mori Edson
- Sha Feng
- Shabani Mahsima
- Shackelford Katya Anne
- Shadid Jamileh
- Shafaat Omid
- Shahabi Saeed
- Shahbaz Mohammad
- Shaheen Amira A.
- Shaikh Masood Ali
- Shaji K. S.
- Shalash Ali S.
- Shams-Beyranvand Mehran
- Shamsi MohammadBagher
- Shamsizadeh Morteza
- Shannawaz Mohammed
- Sharafi Kiomars
- Sharafi Zeinab
- Sharan Subodh
- Sharara Fablina
- Sharifi Hamid
- Sharma Rajesh
- Shaw David H.
- Sheena Brittney S.
- Sheikh Aziz
- Sheikhtaheri Abbas
- Shetty B. Suresh Kumar
- Shetty Ranjitha S.
- Shibuya Kenji
- Shield Kevin David
- Shiferaw Wondimeneh Shibabaw
- Shigematsu Mika
- Shin Jae Il
- Shin Min-Jeong
- Shiri Rahman
- Shirkoohi Reza
- Shivakumar K. M.
- Shrime Mark G.
- Shuval Kerem
- Siabani Soraya
- Sierpinski Radoslaw
- Sigfusdottir Inga Dora
- Sigurvinsdottir Rannveig
- Silva Diego Augusto Santos
- Silva Joao Pedro
- Simonetti Biagio
- Simpson Kyle E.
- Singh Ambrish
- Singh Jasvinder A.
- Singh Pushpendra
- Sinha Dhirendra Narain
- Skiadaresi Eirini
- Skou Soren T.
- Skryabin Valentin Yurievich
- Sliwa Karen
- Smith Amanda
- Smith Emma U. R.
- Sobngwi Eugene
- Soheili Amin
- Sokhan Anton
- Soltani Shahin
- Somefun Oluwaseyi Dolapo
- Soofi Moslem
- Sorensen Reed J. D.
- Soriano Joan B.
- Sorrie Muluken Bekele
- Soshnikov Sergey
- Soyiri Ireneous N.
- Spencer Cory N.
- Spotin Adel
- Spurlock Emma Elizabeth
- Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T.
- Srinivasan Vinay
- Sripada Kam
- Stanaway Jeffrey D.
- Stark Benjamin A.
- Steel Nicholas
- Stefan Simona Catalina
- Stein Caroline
- Stein Dan J.
- Steiner Caitlyn
- Steiner Timothy J.
- Steuben Krista M.
- Stockfelt Leo
- Stokes Mark A.
- Stovner Lars Jacob
- Straif Kurt
- Stranges Saverio
- Stubbs Jacob L.
- Suchdev Parminder S.
- Sudaryanto Agus
- Sufiyan Mu'awiyyah Babale
- Suleria Hafiz Ansar Rasul
- Sulo Gerhard
- Sultan Iyad
- Swope Carolyn B.
- Sykes Bryan L.
- Sylte Dillon O.
- Szocska Miklos
- Szumowski Lukasz
- Tabares-Seisdedos Rafael
- Tabb Karen M.
- Tabuchi Takahiro
- Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar
- Taddele Biruk Wogayehu
- Tadesse Degena Bahrey
- Taherkhani Amir
- Tahir Zarfishan
- Tajdini Masih
- Takahashi Ken
- Takala Jukka S.
- Tamiru Animut Tagele
- Tang Muming
- Tanser Frank C.
- Tareque Md Ismail
- Tarigan Ingan Ukur
- Taveira Nuno
- Taylor Heather Jean
- Teagle Whitney L.
- Teame Hirut
- Tediosi Fabrizio
- Tefera Yonas Getaye
- Tehrani-Banihashemi Arash
- Teklehaimanot Berhane Fseha
- Tela Freweini Gebrearegay
- Temsah Mohamad-Hani
- Terrason Sonyah
- Tesema Getayeneh Antehunegn
- Tessema Zemenu Tadesse
- Thakur Bhaskar
- Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
- Thapar Rekha
- Thomas Nihal
- Thomson Azalea M.
- Thrift Amanda G.
- Thurston George D.
- Titova Mariya Vladimirovna
- Tlou Boikhutso
- Tohidinik Hamid Reza
- Tonelli Marcello
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Topouzis Fotis
- Toroudi Hamidreza Pazoki
- Torre Anna E.
- Touvier Mathilde
- Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto
- Traini Eugenio
- Tran Bach Xuan
- Travillian Ravensara
- Trias-Llimos Sergi
- Troeger Christopher E.
- Truelsen Thomas Clement
- Tsai Alexander C.
- Tsatsakis Aristidis
- Tyrovolas Stefanos
- Uddin Riaz
- Ullah Irfan
- Ullah Saif
- Umeokonkwo Chukwuma David
- Undurraga Eduardo A.
- Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran
- Upadhyay Era
- Uthman Olalekan A.
- Vacante Marco
- Vaicekonyte Regina
- Vakilian Alireza
- Valdez Pascual R.
- Valli Alessandro
- Van Donkelaar Aaron
- Vardavas Constantine
- Varughese Santosh
- Vasankari Tommi Juhani
- Vasconcelos Ana Maria Nogales
- Vasseghian Yasser
- Veisani Yousef
- Velasquez Ilais Moreno
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
- Vidale Simone
- Violante Francesco S.
- Vlassov Vasily
- Vollset Stein Emil
- Vongpradith Avina
- Vos Theo
- Vu Giang Thu
- Vujcic Isidora S.
- Vukovic Ana
- Vukovic Rade
- Waheed Yasir
- Wallin Mitchell Taylor
- Walters Magdalene K.
- Wamai Richard G.
- Wang Fang
- Wang Haidong
- Wang Hongbo
- Wang Jiayu
- Wang Yafeng
- Wang Yanzhong
- Wang Yuan-Pang
- Ward Joseph L.
- Watson Alexandrea
- Watson Stefanie
- Wei Jingkai
- Wei Melissa Y. Wei
- Weintraub Robert G.
- Weiss Daniel J.
- Weiss Jordan
- Welay Fissaha Tekulu
- Weldesamuel Girmay Teklay
- Werdecker Andrea
- West J. Jason
- Westerman Ronny
- Whisnant Joanna L.
- Whiteford Harvey A.
- Wiangkham Taweewat
- Wickramasinghe Nuwan Darshana
- Wiens Kirsten E.
- Wijeratne Tissa
- Wilner Lauren B.
- Wilson Shadrach
- Wiysonge Charles Shey
- Wojtyniak Bogdan
- Woldu Gebremariam
- Wolfe Charles D. A.
- Wondmeneh Temesgen Gebeyehu
- Wondmieneh Adam Belay
- Wool Eve E.
- Wozniak Sarah S.
- Wu Ai-Min
- Wu Chenkai
- Wu Junjie
- Wunrow Han Yong
- Xie Yang
- Xu Gelin
- Xu Rixing
- Yadgir Simon
- Yamada Tomohide
- Yamagishi Kazumasa
- Yaminfirooz Mousa
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yaya Sanni
- Yazdi-Feyzabadi Vahid
- Yearwood Jamal A.
- Yeheyis Tomas Y.
- Yeshitila Yordanos Gizachew
- Yilgwan Christopher Sabo
- Yilma Mekdes Tigistu
- Yip Paul
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- York Hunter W.
- Younis Mustafa Z.
- Younker Theodore Patrick
- Yousefi Bahman
- Yousefi Zabihollah
- Yousefifard Mahmoud
- Yousefinezhadi Taraneh
- Yousuf Abdilahi Yousuf
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yu Yong
- Yuan Chun-Wei
- Yuce Deniz
- Yusefzadeh Hasan
- Zadey Siddhesh
- Zahabi Saleh Salehi
- Zaidi Syed Saoud
- Zaki Leila
- Zaki Maysaa El Sayed
- Zakzuk Josefina
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zamanian Maryam
- Zandian Hamed
- Zangeneh Alireza
- Zarafshan Hadi
- Zastrozhin Mikhail Sergeevich
- Zewdie Kaleab Alemayehu
- Zhang Jianrong
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhi-Jiang
- Zhao Jeff T.
- Zhao Xiu-Ju George
- Zhao Yingxi
- Zheleva Bistra
- Zheng Peng
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Cong
- Ziapour Arash
- Zimsen Stephanie R. M.
- Zlavog Bianca S.
- Zodpey Sanjay
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study