32 research outputs found

    Circulating TNF-Alpha and IL-6 Concentrations and TNF-Alpha -308 G > A Polymorphism in Children with Premature Adrenarche

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    Premature adrenarche (PA), the early rise in adrenal androgen production leading to prepubertal signs of androgen action, has been connected with adverse metabolic features. The metabolic syndrome is characterized by low-grade inflammation which in turn is associated with increases in circulating proinflammatory cytokines, like tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). We tested the hypothesis that serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 are increased in PA by studying 73 children with PA and 98 age- and gender-matched controls. Serum TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations were measured using a multiplex bead array. The subjects were genotyped for the TNF-α gene -308 G > A polymorphism (known to affect TNF-α gene transcription), and genotype–phenotype associations were studied. The mean serum TNF-α concentration was higher in the PA than control children (20.4 vs. 18.4 pg/ml, P = 0.048), whereas there was no significant difference in the mean serum IL-6 concentrations between the study groups. The difference in TNF-α was not explained by excess body weight in the PA subjects as the difference remained significant after BMI-adjustment (P = 0.038). In the PA group, TNF-α concentration was not associated with metabolic-endocrine features, but high IL-6 was associated with lower birth weight. There was no difference in the genotype distribution of the TNF-α gene -308 G > A polymorphism between the PA and control groups. In conclusion, PA was associated with increased serum TNF-α concentrations which, unexpectedly, were not connected with BMI or insulin resistance. The TNF-α gene -308 G > A polymorphism does not seem to be associated with the development of PA

    Performance of a Wet Electrostatic Precipitator in Marine Applications

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    Emissions of marine traffic can be lowered by switching to less polluting fuels or by investing in exhaust aftertreatment. Electrostatic precipitation is a widely used method for particle removal but it is not currently used in combination with marine engines. This study presents the particle filtration characteristics of an emission reduction system designed for marine applications and consisting of a scrubber and a Wet Electrostatic Precipitator (WESP) in series. Partial flow of exhaust from a 1.6 MW marine engine, operated with light and heavy fuel oil, was led to the system. Particle concentrations were measured before the system, after the scrubber and after the WESP. Particle removal characteristics were determined for different engine loads. The scrubber alone removed 15–55% of non-volatile particle number, 30–40% of particle mass and 30–40% of black carbon mass depending on engine load, when HFO fuel was used. By studying particle size distributions, scrubber was found also to generate particles seen as an additional mode in 20–40 nm size range. The system combining the scrubber and WESP removed over 98.5% of particles in number, mass and black carbon metrics when HFO fuel was used. With MDO fuel, 96.5% of PN and 99% of black carbon were removed.publishedVersionPeer reviewe

    Genomic correlates of glatiramer acetate adverse cardiovascular effects lead to a novel locus mediating coronary risk

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    Glatiramer acetate is used therapeutically in multiple sclerosis but also known for adverse effects including elevated coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. The mechanisms underlying the cardiovascular side effects of the medication are unclear. Here, we made use of the chromosomal variation in the genes that are known to be affected by glatiramer treatment. Focusing on genes and gene products reported by drug-gene interaction database to interact with glatiramer acetate we explored a large meta-analysis on CAD genome-wide association studies aiming firstly, to investigate whether variants in these genes also affect cardiovascular risk and secondly, to identify new CAD risk genes. We traced association signals in a 200-kb region around genomic positions of genes interacting with glatiramer in up to 60 801 CAD cases and 123 504 controls. We validated the identified association in additional 21 934 CAD cases and 76 087 controls. We identified three new CAD risk alleles within the TGFB1 region on chromosome 19 that independently affect CAD risk. The lead SNP rs12459996 was genome-wide significantly associated with CAD in the extended meta-analysis (odds ratio 1.09, p = 1.58×10-12). The other two SNPs at the locus were not in linkage disequilibrium with the lead SNP and by a conditional analysis showed p-values of 4.05 × 10-10 and 2.21 × 10-6. Thus, studying genes reported to interact with glatiramer acetate we identified genetic variants that concordantly with the drug increase the risk of CAD. Of these, TGFB1 displayed signal for association. Indeed, the gene has been associated with CAD previously in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Here we establish genome-wide significant association with CAD in large human samples.This work was supported by grants from the Fondation Leducq (CADgenomics: Understanding CAD Genes, 12CVD02), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) within the framework of the e:Med research and funding concept (e:AtheroSysMed, grant 01ZX1313A-2014 and SysInflame, grant 01ZX1306A), and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant agreement no HEALTH-F2-2013-601456 (CVgenes-at-target). Further grants were received from the DFG as part of the Sonderforschungsbereich CRC 1123 (B2). T.K. was supported by a DZHK Rotation Grant. I.B. was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) cluster of excellence ‘Inflammation at Interfaces’. F.W.A. is supported by a Dekker scholarship-Junior Staff Member 2014T001 - Netherlands Heart Foundation and UCL Hospitals NIHR Biomedical Research Centre

    Trans-ancestry meta-analyses identify rare and common variants associated with blood pressure and hypertension

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    High blood pressure is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature death. However, there is limited knowledge on specific causal genes and pathways. To better understand the genetics of blood pressure, we genotyped 242,296 rare, low-frequency and common genetic variants in up to ~192,000 individuals, and used ~155,063 samples for independent replication. We identified 31 novel blood pressure or hypertension associated genetic regions in the general population, including three rare missense variants in RBM47, COL21A1 and RRAS with larger effects (>1.5mmHg/allele) than common variants. Multiple rare, nonsense and missense variant associations were found in A2ML1 and a low-frequency nonsense variant in ENPEP was identified. Our data extend the spectrum of allelic variation underlying blood pressure traits and hypertension, provide new insights into the pathophysiology of hypertension and indicate new targets for clinical intervention

    The genetics of blood pressure regulation and its target organs from association studies in 342,415 individuals

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    To dissect the genetic architecture of blood pressure and assess effects on target-organ damage, we analyzed 128,272 SNPs from targeted and genome-wide arrays in 201,529 individuals of European ancestry and genotypes from an additional 140,886 individuals were used for validation. We identified 66 blood pressure loci, of which 17 were novel and 15 harbored multiple distinct association signals. The 66 index SNPs were enriched for cis-regulatory elements, particularly in vascular endothelial cells, consistent with a primary role in blood pressure control through modulation of vascular tone across multiple tissues. The 66 index SNPs combined in a risk score showed comparable effects in 64,421 individuals of non-European descent. The 66-SNP blood pressure risk score was significantly associated with target-organ damage in multiple tissues, with minor effects in the kidney. Our findings expand current knowledge of blood pressure pathways and highlight tissues beyond the classic renal system in blood pressure regulation

    New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

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    Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

    Sex-stratified Genome-wide Association Studies Including 270,000 Individuals Show Sexual Dimorphism in Genetic Loci for Anthropometric Traits

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    NÀkökulmia innovaatioprosessin johtamiseen

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    Tutkimuksessa selvitetÀÀn tutkimusalan innovaatioprosessien johtamista. Tutkijat luovat VTT:lle ideoita ja pyrkivÀt niistÀ kehittÀmÀÀn innovaatiota tai keksintöjÀ. Tutkijoiden omien ideoiden myynti toteutettavaksi kokonaiseksi prosessiksi saattaa muodostua tutkijalle vaativaksi suoritukseksi. Oikean paradigman löytyminen voi olla haasteellista ja muiden tutkijoiden tuki voi jÀÀdÀ vÀhÀiseksi. MerkittÀvÀkin idea tai keksintö voi nÀin ollen jÀÀdÀ tekemÀttÀ. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on löytÀÀ oikeat metodit lopullisen innovaatio-prosessin systemaattiseen johtamiseen, joka nykyisessÀ organisaatiossa voi tukahduttaa tutkijan kekseliÀisyyden ja ideointi voidaan kokea jopa rasitteeksi. Tuhannen tutkijan ja muiden ammattihenkilöiden aktivoinnilla syntyy uusia ideoita, oivalluksia tai merkittÀviÀ keksintöjÀ. Uusilla innovaatioilla on suuri merkitys suomalaisessa yrityselÀmÀssÀ ja uusien spin-off yritysten syntymisessÀ. Keksintöilmoituksesta saatava korvaus ei yleensÀ kannusta tutkijaa, koska hÀn tavoittelee korvausta itselleen ideoinnista, eikÀ pelkÀstÀÀn mahdollisesti syntyneen projektin vetovastuusta. TutkimusmenetelmÀnÀ kÀytettiin Webropol-ohjelmalla tehtyÀ kvantitatiivista kyselymenetelmÀÀ. Aineisto antaa yritykselle tuloksen tutkijan innovatiivisuudesta ja pohjan tulokselliseen innovaatioprosessin kehittÀmiseen. Asiantuntijoiden vastauksista nousi yrityksen sisÀisiÀ kehitysehdotuksia, jotka on innovoitava uudelleen. Tutkimuksessa tuli esille, ettÀ nykyinen innovaatioprosessi ja sen johtaminen ei toimi toivotulla tavalla. Tutkimuksen tuloksien perusteella muovaantui prosessikaava, joka tuottaa syntyneistÀ ideoista laadukkaita uusia innovaatioita ja keksintöjÀ. Prosessi antaa yrityksen tÀyden tuen keksijÀlle, eikÀ jÀtÀ ideoitsijaa yksin. Tutkimuksen tausta aineistona oli alan kirjallisuus ja tieto

    The structure and changes of teachership in the curricula of early childhood education including pre-primary education in the years 1972–2022

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    Artikkelissa tarkastellaan opettajuuden rakentumista ja muutoksia suomalaisen varhaiskasvatuksen ja siihen sisĂ€ltyvĂ€n esiopetuksen opetussuunnitelmissa vuosina 1972–2022. Artikkelin aineisto koostuu varhaiskasvatusta ohjanneista opetussuunnitelmista sekĂ€ niihin verrattavista ohjausasiakirjoista. Artikkelissa pyritÀÀn opettajuuden rakentumisen ja muutosten kuvaamiseen koulutussosiologisen ja -historiallisen tekstinanalyysin avulla. TutkimustehtĂ€vĂ€nĂ€ on kuvata, miten varhaiskasvatuksen opettajuus on rakentunut ja muuttunut vuosina 1972–2022 suhteessa varhaiskasvatuksen perustehtĂ€vÀÀn. Tarkastelujakson alkupuolen tekstit heijastelevat varhaiskasvatuksen ambivalenttia asemoitumista opetus- ja kasvatusalan ja sosiaalihuollon rajapinnalle. Siirto sosiaalihallinnon alaisuudesta opetushallintoon selkiytti varhaiskasvatuksen paikkaa ja tehtĂ€vÀÀ. Asiakirjoissa esiintyvĂ€ tapa kĂ€sitellĂ€ opettajan tehtĂ€vÀÀ ja roolia varhaiskasvatuksessa nĂ€yttĂ€ytyy niin ikÀÀn ambivalenttina, ristiriitaisena ja vĂ€istelevĂ€nĂ€. YlipÀÀtÀÀn opetuksesta puhumista on vĂ€ltetty tarkastelujakson alkupuolella. Ambivalenssi ilmenee asiakirjoissa myös suhteessa varhaiskasvatuksen opettajuuteen. Opettajuus rakentuu jossain mÀÀrin selkeĂ€mpĂ€nĂ€ vasta Opetushallituksen laatimissa opetussuunnitelmissa erityisesti esiopetuksen mutta myös muun varhaiskasvatuksen ohjaavissa teksteissĂ€. JohtopÀÀtöksissĂ€ tarkastellaan, mitkĂ€ yhteiskunnalliset tekijĂ€t ovat tutkitulla ajanjaksolla olleet yhteydessĂ€ tapoihin esittÀÀ opettajan tehtĂ€vĂ€t ja rooli opetussuunnitelmissa ja osaltaan vaikuttaneet opettajuuden rakentumiseen varhaiskasvatuksessa.Artikkelissa tarkastellaan opettajuuden rakentumista ja muutoksia suomalaisen varhaiskasvatuksen ja siihen sisĂ€ltyvĂ€n esiopetuksen opetussuunnitelmissa vuosina 1972–2022. Artikkelin aineisto koostuu varhaiskasvatusta ohjanneista opetussuunnitelmista sekĂ€ niihin verrattavista ohjausasiakirjoista. Artikkelissa pyritÀÀn opettajuuden rakentumisen ja muutosten kuvaamiseen koulutussosiologisen ja -historiallisen tekstinanalyysin avulla. TutkimustehtĂ€vĂ€nĂ€ on kuvata, miten varhaiskasvatuksen opettajuus on rakentunut ja muuttunut vuosina 1972–2022 suhteessa varhaiskasvatuksen perustehtĂ€vÀÀn. Tarkastelujakson alkupuolen tekstit heijastelevat varhaiskasvatuksen ambivalenttia asemoitumista opetus- ja kasvatusalan ja sosiaalihuollon rajapinnalle. Siirto sosiaalihallinnon alaisuudesta opetushallintoon selkiytti varhaiskasvatuksen paikkaa ja tehtĂ€vÀÀ. Asiakirjoissa esiintyvĂ€ tapa kĂ€sitellĂ€ opettajan tehtĂ€vÀÀ ja roolia varhaiskasvatuksessa nĂ€yttĂ€ytyy niin ikÀÀn ambivalenttina, ristiriitaisena ja vĂ€istelevĂ€nĂ€. YlipÀÀtÀÀn opetuksesta puhumista on vĂ€ltetty tarkastelujakson alkupuolella. Ambivalenssi ilmenee asiakirjoissa myös suhteessa varhaiskasvatuksen opettajuuteen. Opettajuus rakentuu jossain mÀÀrin selkeĂ€mpĂ€nĂ€ vasta Opetushallituksen laatimissa opetussuunnitelmissa erityisesti esiopetuksen mutta myös muun varhaiskasvatuksen ohjaavissa teksteissĂ€. JohtopÀÀtöksissĂ€ tarkastellaan, mitkĂ€ yhteiskunnalliset tekijĂ€t ovat tutkitulla ajanjaksolla olleet yhteydessĂ€ tapoihin esittÀÀ opettajan tehtĂ€vĂ€t ja rooli opetussuunnitelmissa ja osaltaan vaikuttaneet opettajuuden rakentumiseen varhaiskasvatuksessa.Peer reviewe
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