75 research outputs found

    Postępy w torakochirurgii paliatywnej - wybrane zagadnienia

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    Głównym celem torakochirurgicznych zabiegów paliatywnych jest utrzymanie na odpowiednim poziomie lub poprawa jakości życia. Duszność jest jednym z najczęstszych objawów, który może ograniczyć codzienną aktywność życiową człowieka. U chorych na nowotwór złośliwy duszność może być spowodowana między innymi nawracającym wysiękiem opłucnowym lub zwężeniem dróg oddechowych, które należą do głównych wskazań do paliatywnych interwencji torakochirurgicznych. Współczesne leczenie nowotworowego wysięku opłucnowego polega na powtarzaniu punkcji odbarczających jamy opłucnej, drenażu opłucnej z następową pleurodezą, zastosowaniu tunelizowanego cewnika opłucnowego lub przeprowadzeniu zabiegu pleurodezy metodą wideotorakoskopową. Przywrócenie drożności dróg oddechowych i ich protezowanie jest metodą alternatywną leczenia zwężenia dróg oddechowych, gdy zmiana nie może być radykalnie usunięta. Poszerzenie dróg oddechowych, mechaniczne usunięcie części guza, zastosowanie krioterapii, plazmowej koagulacji argonowej czy lasera to typowe metody przywracania drożności tchawicy lub oskrzeli. Uzyskaną drożność utrzymuje się za pomocą protez wewnątrzoskrzelowych, które umieszcza się w nowo wytworzonym kanale. Zarówno leczenie nawrotowego wysięku opłucnowego, jak i protezowanie dróg oddechowych mogą być bezpieczne. Umożliwiają znamienne zmniejszenie objawów duszności u chorych i wydłużenie im życia

    Time-Dependent Changes of Plasma Concentrations of Angiopoietins, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Soluble Forms of Their Receptors in Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Patients Following Surgical Resection

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    Even when patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer undergo surgical resection at an early stage, recurrent disease often impairs the clinical outcome. There are numerous causes potentially responsible for a relapse of the disease, one of them being extensive angiogenesis. The balance of at least two systems, VEGF VEGFR and Ang Tie, regulates vessel formation. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of surgery on the plasma levels of the main angiogenic factors during the first month after surgery in nonsmall cell lung cancer patients. The study group consisted of 37 patients with stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer. Plasma concentrations of Ang1, Ang2, sTie2, VEGF, and sVEGF R1 were evaluated by ELISA three times: before surgical resection and on postoperative days 7 and 30. The median of Ang2 and VEGF concentrations increased on postoperative day 7 and decreased on day 30. On the other hand, the concentration of sTie2 decreased on the 7th day after resection and did not change statistically later on. The concentrations of Ang1 and sVEGF R1 did not change after the surgery. Lung cancer resection results in proangiogenic plasma protein changes that may stimulate tumor recurrences and metastases after early resection

    safety and efficacy of miniaturized extracorporeal circulation when compared with off pump and conventional coronary artery bypass grafting evidence synthesis from a comprehensive bayesian framework network meta analysis of 134 randomized controlled trials involving 22 778 patients

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    Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains the standard of care in patients with extensive coronary artery disease. Yet the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is believed to be a major determinant of perioperative morbidity. Novel techniques are sought to tackle the shortcomings of CPB, among them off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) and miniaturized extracorporeal circulation (MECC) systems have been extensively tested in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). To assess perioperative safety and efficacy of MECC and OPCAB when compared with conventional extracorporeal circulation (CECC).Published literature and major congress proceedings were screened for RCTs evaluating the safety and efficacy of MECC, OPCAB and CECC. Selected end-points such as 30-day all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), cerebral stroke, postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) and renal dysfunction were assessed in a Bayesian-framework network meta-analysis.A total of 134 studies with 22 778 patients were included. When compared with CECC, both OPCAB and MECC significantly reduced 30-day all-cause mortality [odds ratios (95% credible intervals): 0.75 (0.51-0.99) and 0.46 (0.22-0.91)], respectively. No differences in respect to MI were demonstrated with either strategy. OPCAB, when compared with CECC, reduced the odds of cerebral stroke [0.57 (0.34-0.80)]; 60% reduction was observed with MECC when compared with CECC [0.40 (0.19-0.78)]. Both OPCAB and MECC reduced the odds of POAF [0.66 (0.48-0.90) and 0.62 (0.35-0.98), respectively] when compared with CECC. OPCAB conferred over 30% reduction of renal dysfunction when compared with CECC [0.69 (0.46-0.92)]. MECC reduced these odds by more than 50% [0.47 (0.24-0.89)]. Ranking of treatments emerging from the probability analysis (highest to lowest SUCRA values) was MECC followed by OPCAB and CECC.MECC and OPCAB both improve perioperative outcomes following coronary bypass surgery when compared with conventional CABG performed with extracorporeal circulation. MECC may represent an attractive compromise between OPCAB and CECC

    Bronchial bacterial colonization in patients with lung cancer

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    Introduction: Infections are a part of the natural course of lung cancer but few studies have looked at the clinical and microbiological documentation of infections in these patients. The aim of this study is to analyze the profile of potentially pathogenic bacteria that colonize the bronchial tree in patients with primary lung cancer. Material and methods: The study was conducted from January 2006 to August 2007. It included 44 consecutive patients (34 males and 10 females) with primary lung cancer aged from 38 to 77 (mean age of 57.9 years). In all patients, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed during bronchofiberoscopy. Obtained BAL fluid was subjected to microbiological examination. The number of bacteria present in 1 ml of fluid was estimated by quantitative culture. A diagnostic level was set on &#8805; 104 cfu/ml. Results: In 26 (59.1%) of 44 patients physiologic bacterial flora was found in the bronchial tree. In three cases (6.8%), potentially pathological bacteria were cultured but their number was < 104 cfu/ml. In 15 (34.1%) cases, the colonization of potentially pathogenic bacteria was &#8805; 104 cfu/ml. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were isolated. The most frequently isolated bacterium in the first group was Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 7), and in the second group Haemophilus influenzae (n = 3). Multibacterial colonization was found in five patients (11.4%). In four cases (9.1%), the bronchial tree was colonized simultaneously by two and in one case [2.3%] by three types of micro-organism. Multi-drug-resistant strains were not found in the examined materials but among Streptococcus pneumoniae the constitutive MLSB phenotype was observed. Conclusions: 1. Approximately 30% of patients with lung cancer had a respiratory tract colonized by micro-organisms whose number was higher than the assumed diagnostic level. 2. Among micro-organisms colonizing the lower respiratory tract, Gram-positive cocci such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus were dominant. 3. The analysis of antibiotic-resistance did not detect multi-drug-resistant micro-organisms but some strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae exhibited resistance to macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin B.Wstęp: Zakażenia stanowią część naturalnego przebiegu raka płuca. Jedynie wyniki nielicznych badań ukazują kliniczną i mikrobiologiczną dokumentację zakażeń u chorych na raka płuca. Celem pracy była ocena profilu szczepów bakteryjnych potencjalnie chorobotwórczych, kolonizujących drzewo oskrzelowe chorych na pierwotnego raka płuca. Materiał i metody: Badanie przeprowadzano od stycznia 2006 roku do sierpnia 2007 roku. Do analizy włączono 44 chorych (34 mężczyzn i 10 kobiet) z pierwotnym rakiem płuca w wieku od 38 do 77 lat (średnia 57,9 roku). U wszystkich chorych, w trakcie bronchofiberoskopii, pobierano popłuczyny oskrzelikowo-pęcherzykowe. Uzyskany materiał poddano badaniu mikrobiologicznemu. Wykonano posiew metodą ilościową, określając liczbę bakterii/ml. Próg diagnostyczny dla posiewu ilościowego przyjęto na poziomie &#8805; 104 cfu/ml. Wyniki: Spośród 44 chorych u 26 (59,1%) stwierdzono obecność fizjologicznej flory bakteryjnej. W trzech przypadkach (6,8%) wykryto szczepy bakterii potencjalnie patogennych w ilości < 104 cfu/ml, a u 15 chorych (34,1%) stwierdzono bakterie potencjalnie patogenne w ilości &#8805; 104 cfu/ml. Wśród izolowanych bakterii stwierdzano zarówno bakterie Gram (+), jak i Gram (-). W pierwszej grupie najczęściej izolowano Streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 7), a w drugiej Haemophilus influenzae (n = 3). Wielobakteryjną kolonizację wykryto u pięciu chorych (11,4%): u czterech chorych (9,1%) stwierdzono jednoczesne występowanie dwóch, a w jednym przypadku (2,3%) - trzech drobnoustrojów. Nie wyhodowano szczepów wieloopornych w badanym materiale. Jednak wśród Streptococcus pneumoniae zaobserwowano występowanie fenotypu z opornością konstytutywną MLSB. Wnioski: 1. U 34,1% badanych chorych na raka płuca stwierdzono kolonizację drzewa oskrzelowego przez drobnoustroje potencjalnie patogenne w liczbie &#8805; 104 cfu/ml. 2. Wśród drobnoustrojów kolonizujących dolne drogi oddechowe chorych na raka płuca dominowały ziarenkowce Gram (+): Streptococcus pneumoniae i Staphylococcus aureus. 3. Analiza wrażliwości nie wykazała obecności drobnoustrojów wieloopornych. Stwierdzono natomiast występowanie szczepów Streptococcus pneumoniae opornych na makrolidy, linkozamidy i streptograminy B

    Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

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    A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

    Study of the material of the ATLAS inner detector for Run 2 of the LHC

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    Instituto de Física La Plat

    Search for single production of vector-like quarks decaying into Wb in pp collisions at s=8\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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    Measurements of top-quark pair differential cross-sections in the eμe\mu channel in pppp collisions at s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV using the ATLAS detector

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