Transkulturelle Kompetenz in der Medizin

Die Studie zum Thema "Transkulturelle Kompetenz in der Medizin" wurde durchgeführt, da der Forschungsstand diese Thematik betreffend noch sehr gering ist und eine gute medizinische Versorgung für ImmigrantInnen nur durch Zusammenarbeit mit den ÄrztInnen gewährleistet werden kann. Ihr Umgang, mit der, durch Sprach- wie auch kultureller Barriere, erschwerten Behandlungssituation und die Verhaltensweisen, die sie daraus ableiten galt es zu erheben. Ich befragte sechzehn ÄrztInnen in dreiviertel bis eineinhalb stündigen Interviews, in denen sie über ihre Arbeitsweise im Praxisalltag bei der medizinischen Versorgung von ImmigrantInnen, über Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten im System und Vorschläge zur Ausbildung von MedizinerInnen berichteten. Die Interviews wurden Wort für Wort transkribiert und mittels Kategorisierung verdichtet und ausgewertet. Aus den Befragungen resultierte, dass die sprachliche wie auch kulturelle Barriere die Hauptprobleme für ÄrztInnen bei der gesundheitlichen Versorgung von ImmigrantInnen darstellen. Daraus können Mißverständnisse entstehen und diese erschweren den Aufbau eines Vertrauensverhältnisses zwischen ÄrztInnen und PatientInnen und somit das Einbeziehen des soziokulturellen Umfeldes und der psychosozialen Situation. Die ÄrztInnen sind zudem durch gefüllte Wartezimmer und der Verrechnungsart des Krankenkassensystems an ein zügiges Fortschreiten ihrer Arbeit gebunden

The impact of electronic monitoring on employees' job satisfaction, stress, performance, and counterproductive work behavior : A meta-analysis

Organizations all around the world increasingly use electronic monitoring to collect information on employees’ working behavior. To investigate the effects of electronic monitoring on employees’ job satisfaction, stress, performance, and counterproductive work behavior (CWB), we collected data of 70 independent samples and 233 effect sizes for this meta-analysis. Results indicate that electronic monitoring slightly decreases job satisfaction, r = − 0.10, and slightly increases stress, r = .11, supporting the notion that electronic monitoring negatively affects employees’ well-being and work attitudes. Moderator analyses suggest that performance targets and feedback may further exacerbate these negative effects on workers. Furthermore, maintaining and improving the performance of employees is an important justification of electronic monitoring. However, the current meta-analysis found no relationship between electronic monitoring and performance, r = − 0.01, but a small positive relationship with CWB, r = 0.09. These results question the benefits of electronic monitoring for organizations. Thus, decision-makers in organizations should pay attention to what ends employees are monitored. Beyond that, the current meta-analysis shows that laboratory studies probably underestimate the relationship between monitoring and employees’ job satisfaction, stress, and performance in field studies. In addition, current research on the effects of electronic monitoring lacks the examination of processes why organizations implement electronic monitoring and how electronic monitoring and work design are related to each other

Neukonzeption der Stadtteilbibliothek Karlsruhe-Durlach zur Familienbibliothek: Marketingstrategie und Veranstaltungskonzept

In der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit wird eine Marketingstrategie sowie umfassende Veranstaltungsvorschläge für die neukonzipierte Stadtteilbibliothek Karlsruhe-Durlach erarbeitet. Ziel der Neukonzeption ist eine Familienbibliothek, weswegen die Arbeit speziell aus dem Gesichtspunkt „Familie“ untersucht und bearbeitet wird. Im Marketing-Teil wird besonders auf die einzelnen Zielgruppen und die verschiedenen Marketinginstrumente eingegangen, die als Basis für die zukünftigen Entscheidungen diesbezüglich in der Bibliothek dienen sollen. Im Veranstaltungs-Teil werden generelle Vorschläge gemacht, die die Bibliothek umsetzten kann. Er beinhaltet aber auch Aktionen, die bei einem Eröffnungsevent durchgeführt werden können

Partizipation von NachwuchswissenschaftlerInnen an österreichischen wissenschaftlichen Universitäten

Untersuchung der realen Partizipationsmöglichkeiten von NachwuchswissenschaftlerInnen an österreichischen wissenschaftlichen Universitäten. 6 Jahre nach dem Universitätsgesetz 2002 stellt sich die Frage, wie der weitgehende Freiraum, den das Gesetz den Universitäten bei der Organisation ihres wissenschaftlichen wie administrativen Ablaufs gewährt, genutzt wird. Dabei zeigt sich, dass sich sehr unterschiedliche Formen der Partizipation an den Universitäten und ihren wissenschaftlichen Subeinheiten entwickelt haben. Das Ideal der flachen Hierarchien hat sich aber nur selten durchgesetzt; in vielen Fällen bestehen nur geringe Kommunikationsformen, die NachwuchswissenschaftlerInnen werden in Entscheidungsfindungen kaum eingebunden und es besteht vielerorts ein empfindlicher Mangel an Transparenz. Im abschließenden Kapitel werden auch Ansätze zu einer Verbesserung der aktuellen Situation besprochen

Policy brief on the organic approach to inputs – Plant protection products, fertilisers, veterinary drugs and feed additives explained

The plant and animal health care strategy in organic farming strengthensagro-biodiversity, protects the environment as well as animal and human health. In addition to fully exploiting preventive options, the use of external inputs such as plant protection products, fertilisers or veterinarymedicinal productsis allowed to prevent inacceptable losses in productivity or animal suffering. However, external inputs need to comply with organic standardsas well as European legislationand aretherefore carefully evaluated before any decision on acceptance is taken.Organic farming systems should aim at reducing dependency on off-farm fertilisers to the lowest feasable level to ensure closed nutrient cycles and avoid nutrient leakage and contamination. This policy brief explains the underlying principles and the procedures for evaluation of inputs, focusing on plant protection products, fertilisers, feed additives and veterinary medicinal products used in organic farming under European legislation. The case study in Annex I on plant protection products provides a full picture on the processes and criteria for authorisation, the assessment of new inputs accordingtothe suitability in organic farming, the history of utilised substances and possible trade-offs and concerns

h/e oscillations in interlayer transport of delafossites

Funding: This project was funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant no. 715730, MiTopMat) and also was supported by the Max Planck Society. A.P.M. and R.M. acknowledge support from the Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence on Complexity and Topology in Quantum Matter (EXC 2147). M.D.B., P.M., and V.S. acknowledge studentship funding from the EPSRC under grant no. EP/L015110/1. A.S. was supported by the Israel Science Foundation, the European Research Council (Project LEGOTOP), and the DFG through projectno.CRC-183. M.K. acknowledges support from the SIRIUS irradiation facility through project no. EMIR 2019 18-7099.Microstructures can be carefully designed to reveal the quantum phase of the wave-like nature of electrons in a metal. Here, we report phase-coherent oscillations of out-of-plane magnetoresistance in the layered delafossites PdCoO2 and PtCoO2 The oscillation period is equivalent to that determined by the magnetic flux quantum, h/e, threading an area defined by the atomic interlayer separation and the sample width, where h is Planck's constant and e is the charge of an electron. The phase of the electron wave function appears robust over length scales exceeding 10 micrometers and persisting up to temperatures of T > 50 kelvin. We show that the experimental signal stems from a periodic field modulation of the out-of-plane hopping. These results demonstrate extraordinary single-particle quantum coherence lengths in delafossites.PostprintPeer reviewe

Fear of COVID-19 among homeless individuals in Germany in mid-2021.

AIMS: To investigate the prevalence and the correlates of fear of COVID-19 among homeless individuals. METHODS: We used data from the "national survey on psychiatric and somatic health of homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic" (NAPSHI-study) which took place in several large cities in Germany in Mid-2021 (n = 666 in the analytical sample). Mean age equaled 43.3 years (SD: 12.1 years), ranging from 18 to 80 years. Multiple linear regressions were performed. RESULTS: In our study, 70.9% of the homeless individuals reported no fear of COVID-19. Furthermore, 14.0% reported a little fear of COVID-19, 8.4% reported some fear of COVID-19 and 6.7% reported severe fear of COVID-19. Multiple linear regressions revealed that fear of COVID-19 was higher among individuals aged 50-64 years (compared to individuals aged 18-29 years: β = 0.28, p < 0.05), among individuals with a higher perceived own risk of contracting the coronavirus 1 day (β = 0.28, p < 0.001) as well as among individuals with a higher agreement that a diagnosis of the coronavirus would ruin his/her life (β = 0.15, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Only a small proportion of homeless individuals reported fear of COVID-19 in mid-2021 in Germany. Such knowledge about the correlates of higher levels of fear of COVID-19 may be helpful for addressing certain risk groups (e.g., homeless individuals aged 50-64 years). In a further step, avoiding extraordinarily high levels of fear of COVID-19 may be beneficial to avoid irrational thinking and acting regarding COVID-19 in this group

Determinants of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic

OBJECTIVE: Thus far, there is very limited knowledge regarding homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly related to the health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Thus, our aim was to evaluate HRQoL and to clarify the determinants of HRQoL among homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. METHODS: Data were taken from the national survey on psychiatric and somatic health of homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic-NAPSHI (n = 616). The established EQ-5D-5L was used to quantify problems in five health dimensions, and its visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) was used to record self-rated health status. Sociodemographic factors were included in regression analysis. RESULTS: Pain/discomfort was the most frequently reported problem (45.3%), thereafter anxiety/depression (35.9%), mobility (25.4%), usual activities (18.5%) and self-care (11.4%). Average EQ-VAS score was 68.97 (SD: 23.83), and the mean EQ-5D-5L index was 0.85 (SD: 0.24). Regressions showed that higher age and having a health insurance were associated with several problem dimensions. Being married was associated with higher EQ-VAS scores. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, our study findings showed a quite high HRQoL among homeless individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. Some important determinants of HRQoL were identified (e.g., age or marital status). Longitudinal studies are required to confirm our findings

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements