Aditivo para fabricación de ladrillos de yeso: macizos, huecos o semihuecos mediante vibrocompresión.

El departamento de Ingeniería de la Universidad Miguel Hernández del Campus de Orihuela, lleva más de catorce años investigando sobre el desarrollo de nuevos materiales y la forma de aditivarlos y su aplicación a la sociedad.El aditivo en cuestión, se trata de un fluidificante, superplastificante y retardante del fraguado del yeso, compuesto por dióxido de silicio coloidal más ácido cítrico, con proporciones de 1-3 % de dióxido de silicio y de 99-97 % de ácido cítrico.Este nuevo aditivo patentado se puede adicionar, en el proceso de amasado, tanto en fase sólida como en fase líquida actuando sobre el proceso de fraguado del yeso y obteniéndose un buen resultado.Es de aplicación en yeso blanco, yeso negro ó moreno (Black paster) y escayola. Las dosificaciones, por kg de yeso, están entre 0.06 gr/kg hasta 1,2 gr/kg de yeso, con unos tiempos de fraguado entre 15 minutos y 240 minutos.La dosificación de agua para el amasado es variable, siendo una ventaja la reducción de agua en el masado. Se establece en 0,2 kg de agua por 1 kg de yeso de este modo se obtiene un yeso amasado que convertido en pequeñas bolas de diámetro entre 2 y 8 mm es utilizable en la fabricación de prefabricados mediante prensado.En la fabricación de ladrillos se produce una reducción de emisiones de CO2 en torno al 80 %, ya que el proceso de calcinación del yeso se puede realizar a una temperatura de unos 250 ºC (la temperatura puede ser menor, o mayor si se quiere reducir tiempo de cocción). Se evita el tiempo de secado del ladrillo cerámico (unas 8 horas a 100 ºC) más el de cocción del mismo (unas 8-14 horas a 900 ºC).El desarrollo del material obtenido lleva aparejado la aplicación directa en la fabricación de ladrillos huecos o semihuecos para su uso industria debido a su óptimo comportamiento a compresión (resistencia media de 19,23N/mm2), además de obtenerse un beneficio medioambiental y económico

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Engineered T cells secreting anti-BCMA T cell engagers control multiple myeloma and promote immune memory in vivo.

Multiple myeloma is the second most common hematological malignancy in adults and remains an incurable disease. B cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed immunotherapy, including T cells bearing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) and systemically injected bispecific T cell engagers (TCEs), has shown remarkable clinical activity, and several products have received market approval. However, despite promising results, most patients eventually become refractory and relapse, highlighting the need for alternative strategies. Engineered T cells secreting TCE antibodies (STAb) represent a promising strategy that combines the advantages of adoptive cell therapies and bispecific antibodies. Here, we undertook a comprehensive preclinical study comparing the therapeutic potential of T cells either expressing second-generation anti-BCMA CARs (CAR-T) or secreting BCMAxCD3 TCEs (STAb-T) in a T cell-limiting experimental setting mimicking the conditions found in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. STAb-T cells recruited T cell activity at extremely low effector-to-target ratios and were resistant to inhibition mediated by soluble BCMA released from the cell surface, resulting in enhanced cytotoxic responses and prevention of immune escape of multiple myeloma cells in vitro. These advantages led to robust expansion and persistence of STAb-T cells in vivo, generating long-lived memory BCMA-specific responses that could control multiple myeloma progression in xenograft models, outperforming traditional CAR-T cells. These promising preclinical results encourage clinical testing of the BCMA-STAb-T cell approach in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.Acknowledgments: We would like to thank the cell Sorting Service of the nUcleUS platform (University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain) for technical assistance. Funding: Financial support for this work was obtained from the Spanish Ministry of Science and innovation Mcin/Aei/10.13039/501100011033 (PiD2020- 115444GB- i00 to P.r.- n., PiD2019- 108160rB- i00 to P.M., Ple2021- 0075 to c.B., and PiD2020- 117323rB- 100 and PDc2021- 121711- 100 to l.Á.-V.), partially supported by the european regional Development Fund (erDF); the carlos iii health institute (iSciii) (Pi20/01030 to B.B., Pi19/00132 to l.S., Pi21- 01834 to P.P., Pi20/00822 to c.B., and DTS20/00089 to l.Á.-V.), partially supported by the erDF; the iSciii- ricorS within the next Generation eU program (plan de recuperación, Transformación y resilencia) (rD21/0017/0030 to B.B. and J.M.- l. and rD21/0017/0029 to P.M.); the iSciii- ciBeronc program (cB16/12/00400 to A.o.), the criS cancer Foundation (FcriS- 2021- 001 to J.M.- l. and FcriS- 2021- 0090 to l.Á.-V.), the Spanish Association Against cancer (Aecc) (PrYGn234975Mene to P.M., PrYGn211192BUen to c.B., and ProYe19084AlVA and PrYGn234844AlVA to l.Á.-V.); the Accelerator Award- cancer research UK/Airc/Aecc- incAr (GeAcc18001orF to A.o.), the Fundación “la caixa” (lcF/Pr/hr19/52160011 to P.M. and hr21- 00761 project il7r_lungcan to l.Á.-V.), the european research council (erc) (erc- Poc- 957466 to P.M.) and erc under the eU’s horizon Program (grant agreement 101100665 to P.M.), the Fundación de investigación Biomédica 12 de octubre (programa investiga 2022- 0082) to l.Á.-V.; the Fundación ramón Areces to P.P. l.D.-A. was supported by a rio hortega fellowship from the carlos iii health institute (cM20/00004). A.F. was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and innovation (FJc2021- 046789- i). A. Mayado was supported by the ciBeronc (PrF- 2869). A.P.- P. was supported by a grant from the Government of castilla y león (orden eDU/556/2019; Valladolid, Spain). M.G.- r. was supported by an industrial PhD ellowship from the comunidad de Madrid (inD2022/BMD- 23732). o.A.- S. was supported by a PhD fellowship from the complutense University of Madrid. c.D.-A. was supported by a PhD fellowship from the Spanish Ministry of Science and innovation (Pre2018- 083445). l.r.- P. was supported by a PhD fellowship from the immunology chair, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria/Merck. o.h. was supported by an industrial PhD fellowship from the comunidad de Madrid (inD2020/BMD- 17668). A.V. is supported by research institute hospital 12 de octubre (imas12). A.G.- o. is supported by hiGeA 2019/0123 Aie project to J.M.- l.S

PARP-1 Regulates Metastatic Melanoma through Modulation of Vimentin-induced Malignant Transformation

PARP inhibition can induce anti-neoplastic effects when used as monotherapy or in combination with chemo- or radiotherapy in various tumor settings; however, the basis for the anti-metastasic activities resulting from PARP inhibition remains unknown. PARP inhibitors may also act as modulators of tumor angiogenesis. Proteomic analysis of endothelial cells revealed that vimentin, an intermediary filament involved in angiogenesis and a specific hallmark of EndoMT (endothelial to mesenchymal transition) transformation, was down-regulated following loss of PARP-1 function in endothelial cells. VE-cadherin, an endothelial marker of vascular normalization, was up-regulated in HUVEC treated with PARP inhibitors or following PARP-1 silencing; vimentin over-expression was sufficient to drive to an EndoMT phenotype. In melanoma cells, PARP inhibition reduced pro-metastatic markers, including vasculogenic mimicry. We also demonstrated that vimentin expression was sufficient to induce increased mesenchymal/pro-metastasic phenotypic changes in melanoma cells, including ILK/GSK3-β-dependent E-cadherin down-regulation, Snail1 activation and increased cell motility and migration. In a murine model of metastatic melanoma, PARP inhibition counteracted the ability of melanoma cells to metastasize to the lung. These results suggest that inhibition of PARP interferes with key metastasis-promoting processes, leading to suppression of invasion and colonization of distal organs by aggressive metastatic cells.This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación SAF2006-01094, SAF2009-13281-C02-01, Fundación La Caixa BM06-219-0 and Junta de Andalucía P07-CTS-0239 and CTS-6602 to FJO, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia SAF2007-64597; CICYT: SAF2009-13281-C02-02; Junta de Andalucía, P06-CTS-01385 to JMRdA and grants CEIC (P10-CTS5865) and FEDER-ISCIII (PI10/00883) to JCR-M. AGdH has been funded by grants from “Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer”, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología SAF2010-16089, and “Fundación La Marató de TV3”. JCR-M has been funded by Grants CEIC (P1 = -CTS5865) and FEDER-ISCIII (PI10/00883)

PARP-1 Regulates Metastatic Melanoma through Modulation of Vimentin-induced Malignant Transformation

PARP inhibition can induce anti-neoplastic effects when used as monotherapy or in combination with chemo- or radiotherapy in various tumor settings; however, the basis for the anti-metastasic activities resulting from PARP inhibition remains unknown. PARP inhibitors may also act as modulators of tumor angiogenesis. Proteomic analysis of endothelial cells revealed that vimentin, an intermediary filament involved in angiogenesis and a specific hallmark of EndoMT (endothelial to mesenchymal transition) transformation, was down-regulated following loss of PARP-1 function in endothelial cells. VE-cadherin, an endothelial marker of vascular normalization, was up-regulated in HUVEC treated with PARP inhibitors or following PARP-1 silencing; vimentin over-expression was sufficient to drive to an EndoMT phenotype. In melanoma cells, PARP inhibition reduced pro-metastatic markers, including vasculogenic mimicry. We also demonstrated that vimentin expression was sufficient to induce increased mesenchymal/pro-metastasic phenotypic changes in melanoma cells, including ILK/GSK3-β-dependent E-cadherin down-regulation, Snail1 activation and increased cell motility and migration. In a murine model of metastatic melanoma, PARP inhibition counteracted the ability of melanoma cells to metastasize to the lung. These results suggest that inhibition of PARP interferes with key metastasis-promoting processes, leading to suppression of invasion and colonization of distal organs by aggressive metastatic cells.This work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación SAF2006-01094, SAF2009-13281-C02-01, Fundación La Caixa BM06-219-0 and Junta de Andalucía P07-CTS-0239 and CTS-6602 to FJO, Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia SAF2007-64597; CICYT: SAF2009-13281-C02-02; Junta de Andalucía, P06-CTS-01385 to JMRdA and grants CEIC (P10-CTS5865) and FEDER-ISCIII (PI10/00883) to JCR-M. AGdH has been funded by grants from “Fundación Científica de la Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer”, Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología SAF2010-16089, and “Fundación La Marató de TV3”. JCR-M has been funded by Grants CEIC (P1 = -CTS5865) and FEDER-ISCIII (PI10/00883)

Recursos Hídricos: Conceptos básicos y estudios de caso en Iberoamérica

El agua como fuente de vida y en el desempeño de sus funciones: sociales, ambientales, económicas y culturales, condiciona el desarrollo de una región, nación o continente, pues, la concentración urbana, el incremento de la superficie de riego para la producción de alimentos y la creciente contaminación someten a los recursos hídricos a una fuerte presión que no es posible soportar, originando situaciones de crisis. Así, mientras encuentran localidades la satisfacción de las necesidades en agua de sus habitantes representa un esfuerzo cotidiano, en otras, el desperdicio es una práctica generalizada pero inadmisible. Sin duda alguna en el mediano y largo plazo la tendencia actual en el uso de agua es simplemente insostenible. No es posible sufragar permanentemente el costo económico, social ay ambiental de abastecer a las grandes urbes con escurrimientos superficiales importados desde enormes distancias, de agotar los acuíferos de alterar la calidad de las agua rebasando límites de renovación económicamente factibles. Tampoco es posible enfrentar el problema del agua como si la disponibilidad del recurso fuera ilimitada y gratuita..

Seminario de Investigación Académica II (Ing) - IN397 - 202100

Seminario de Investigación Académica II es un curso de especialidad en la carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, el objetivo es desarrollar el proyecto de tesis enfocado en resolver problemas del contexto de la realidad del sector. El curso se desarrolla en cinco unidades de aprendizaje, con sesiones teóricas que van desde las etapas básicas del proceso de investigación científica, la propuesta inicial del tema de investigación, la identificación y diagnóstico del problema, la construcción del estado del arte que sustenta el informe final con el tema de tesis. El proceso es sistemático, continuo, enriquecedor en función a las variantes que se presentan durante el tiempo de búsqueda, selección y análisis de la información que sustenta el tema de tesis, en este proceso, es permanente el acompañamiento basado en recomendaciones, técnicas y estrategias por parte del equipo de docentes conformado por el asesor metodológico y el asesor temático. Propósito: El propósito de este curso es que el estudiante inicie el plan de tesis en el que se evidencia la aplicación práctica de su carrera, mediante la gestión de información académica, relevante para su tesis y, a partir de ella, plantear un problema de investigación susceptible a una posible solución. En el curso se contribuye al desarrollo de las competencias generales: comunicación oral, comunicación escrita y manejo de información todas a nivel 2. Por otro lado, también se busca el desarrollo de las competencias específicas de ABET (7): Capacidad de adquirir y aplicar nuevos conocimientos según sea necesario, utilizando estrategias de aprendizaje apropiadas, a nivel 2. Tiene como requisito el nivel 5 de inglés y haber alcanzado los 120 créditos