The employees and the company law

Depuis la crise financière de 2008 et les lois du 14 juin 2013 et du 17 août 2015 sur les représentants des salariés dans les conseils d’administration, les travailleurs s’impliquent davantage dans les mécanismes des sociétés par actions. De simple parties prenantes, ils sont devenus parties constituantes du contrat de société. Ils participent à la gouvernance de leur entreprise, bénéficient d’un actionnariat spécifique et sont informés et consultés sur les décisions importantes. Qui plus est, ils prennent des risques tout en demeurant, encore, néanmoins, les victimes de notre économie globalisée, caractérisée par le poids des marchés financiers. L’entreprise moderne connaît donc un bouleversement à la fois conceptuel et à la fois juridique grâce à la prise en compte de nouveaux acteurs et à une considération récente pour le long-termisme. Notre étude consistera à analyser l’influence du nouveau régime des salariés sur le droit des sociétés par actions. Doit-on, en effet, envisager les prochaines réformes à l’aune de cette modification conceptuelle et d’une appréhension inédite du monde du travail ? Cette évolution de l’entreprise implique une réforme du droit des sociétés et une refonte de ses grands principes directeurs ; mais, cette mutation progressive en faveur des salariés, permet surtout de différencier les sociétés cotées des sociétés non cotées.Since the financial crisis of 2008 and the laws of June 14th, 2013 and August 17th, 2015 on the representatives of the employees in boards of directors(board meetings), the workers get involved more in the mechanisms of joint-stock companies. Of simple stakeholders, they became constituent parts of the deed of partnership. They participate in the governance of their company, benefit from a specific shareholding and are informed and consulted on the important decisions. Besides, they take risks while living(remaining), still, nevertheless, the victims of our globalized economy, characterized by the weight of financial markets.Thus the modern company knows an at the same time abstract and at the same time legal upheaval thanks to the consideration of new actors and thanks to the recent consideration for the length - termisme. Our study will consist in analyzing the influence of the new diet(regime) of the employees on the company law by actions(shares). Do we have to, indeed, envisage the next reforms in the alder(ell) of this abstract modification and a new apprehension of the world of the work? This evolution of the company implies(involves) a reform of the company law and a revision of its guiding major principles; but, this progressive transfer(transformation) in favour of the employees, allows especially to differentiate the listed companies of unlisted companies

Granulysin-mediated apoptosis of trophoblasts in blighted ovum and missed abortion

Granulysin (GNLY) is a cytotoxic molecule mostly present in decidual natural killer (NK) cells. Blighted ovum (BO) and missed abortion (MA) represent the early pathological pregnancies with hindered development of the embryoblast or a dead embryo. We investigated the GNLY-mediated apoptotic mechanism potentially responsible for delayed termination of pregnancy. METHOD OF STUDY: We performed immunohistological and immunofluorescence labeling of decidual tissues (GNLY, Apaf-1, NF-κB). NKG2A expression was analyzed by flow cytometry and GNLY mRNA by RT- qPCR. RESULTS: The GNLY labeling intensity (H score) was lower in the nuclei of trophoblast cells in BO and MA. GNLY gene levels were inversely detected in BO and MA. A decreased decidual NK cell percentage was found in MA. NK cells from pathological pregnancies expressed lower NKG2A levels. The highest frequency of Apaf-1 was found in trophoblast cells of MA. NF- kB was highly expressed in decidual cells of BO. CONCLUSION: The reduced activation of GNLY- mediated killing might be implicated in the slower rejection of trophoblast cells in BO and MA. A decreased authentic decidual NK cell number could be responsible for low cytotoxicity against trophoblast cells in MA. In BO, trophoblast cells have a higher survival potential due to increased NF-kB expressio

Perioperative chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 and surgery versus surgery alone for resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer (EORTC Intergroup trial 40983): a randomised controlled trial

Background: Surgical resection alone is regarded as the standard of care for patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer, but relapse is common. We assessed the combination of perioperative chemotherapy and surgery compared with surgery alone for patients with initially resectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Methods: This parallel-group study reports the trial's final data for progression-free survival for a protocol unspecified interim time-point, while overall survival is still being monitored. 364 patients with histologically proven colorectal cancer and up to four liver metastases were randomly assigned to either six cycles of FOLFOX4 before and six cycles after surgery or to surgery alone (182 in perioperative chemotherapy group vs 182 in surgery group). Patients were centrally randomised by minimisation, adjusting for Centre and risk score. The primary objective was to detect a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.71 or less for progression-free survival. Primary analysis was by intention to treat. Analyses were repeated for all eligible (171 vs 171) and resected patients (151 vs 152). This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00006479. Findings: In the perioperative chemotherapy group, 151 (83%) patients were resected after a median of six (range 1-6) preoperative cycles and 115 (63%) patients received a median six (1-8) postoperative cycles. 152 (84%) patients were resected in the surgery group. The absolute increase in rate of progression-free survival at 3 years was 7.3% (from 28.1% [95-66% CI 21.3-35.51 to 35.4% [28.1-42.7]; HR 0 . 79 [0.62-1.02]; p=0.058) in randomised patients; 8 . 1% (from 28.1% [21.2-36.6] to 36.2% [28.7-43.8]; HR 0 . 77 [0-60-1 . 001; p=0 . 041) in eligible patients; and 9.2% (from 33.2% [25.3-41.2] to 42.4% [34.0-50.5]; HR 0.73 [0.55-0.97]; p=0.025) in patients undergoing resection. 139 patients died (64 in perioperative chemotherapy group vs 75 in surgery group). Reversible postoperative complications occurred more often after chemotherapy than after surgery (40/159 [25%] vs 27/170 [16%]; p=0.04). After surgery we recorded two deaths in the surgery alone group and one in the perioperative chemotherapy group. Interpretation: Perioperative chemotherapy with FOLFOX4 is compatible with major liver surgery and reduces the risk of events of progression-free survival in eligible and resected. patients. Funding Swedish Cancer Society, Cancer Research UK, Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, US National Cancer Institute, Sanofi-Aventi

Nuclear Pore Complexes and Nucleocytoplasmic Transport: From Structure to Function to Disease.

Nucleocytoplasmic transport is an essential cellular activity and occurs via nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) that reside in the double membrane of the nuclear envelope. Significant progress has been made during the past few years in unravelling the ultrastructural organization of NPCs and their constituents, the nucleoporins, by cryo-electron tomography and X-ray crystallography. Mass spectrometry and genomic approaches have provided deeper insight into the specific regulation and fine tuning of individual nuclear transport pathways. Recent research has also focused on the roles nucleoporins play in health and disease, some of which go beyond nucleocytoplasmic transport. Here we review emerging results aimed at understanding NPC architecture and nucleocytoplasmic transport at the atomic level, elucidating the specific function individual nucleoporins play in nuclear trafficking, and finally lighting up the contribution of nucleoporins and nuclear transport receptors in human diseases, such as cancer and certain genetic disorders.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe