Avaliação da eficiência técnica de clones de eucalipto em escala comercial: uma abordagem empregando Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

This study aims to identify which clones present technical efficiency improvements regarding their cutting age, helping the decision-making as to their best cutting ages and which clones shall be either excluded or maintained in the next production cycles. The data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology is discussed to determine and to compare the technical efficiency of eucalyptus clones of the genuses Eucaplyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis in commercial scale. They were produced between 2016 and 2017, with cutting ages equal to five and seven years. Their plantation occurred in areas of sandy soils, and warm, temperate climate in order to produce cellulose and paper. The plantation belongs to a company located in the state of São Paulo. The calculation of the technical efficiency and its current values, clearances, targets and benchmarks throughout the years are determined by the variables total cost, individual volume, and produced volume. The DEA BCC-O model was employed due to the little proportionality of some input-output pairs. Clones CL02, CL03, CL05, and CL08 seemed to be efficient in both cutting ages. This indicated that they were likely benchmarks for the inefficient clones. However, clone CL04 was the only one which exclusion of the clone list to be used in the next plantation cycles was suggested since it presented a reduction in its individual volume and basic density, when an improvement in its cutting age occurs. We concluded that the DEA methodology is a good choice for helping the decision-making regarding which eucalyptus clones shall be used, reduced, and/or eliminated from the next cycle, determining which ones are the most efficient ones, verifying their evolution about their cutting ages.O presente artigo refere-se à utilização da metodologia de análise de envoltória de dados (DEA) para determinar e comparar a eficiência técnica de clones de eucalipto dos gêneros Eucaliptus urophylla e Eucaliptus grandis, em escala comercial, produzidos no período de 2016 e 2017 e com idades de corte entre 5 e 7 anos. O plantio desses clones ocorreu em locais com solos arenosos, clima quente e temperado, destinados à produção de celulose e papel, pertencentes a uma empresa situada no interior do estado de São Paulo. Este estudo visa  identificar quais clones apresentam ou não melhorias de eficiência técnica relacionadas a sua idade de corte, podendo auxiliar na tomada de decisão das melhores idades de corte e também quais clones deverão ser excluídos ou mantidos nos próximos ciclos produtivos. O cálculo da eficiência técnica e de seus valores atuais, folgas, alvos e benchmarks ao longo dos anos são determinados através das variáveis custo total; volume individual e volume produzido, sendo utilizado o modelo DEA BCC-O, em função da existência de pouca proporcionalidade de alguns pares input-output. Os clones CL02, CL03, CL05 e CL08 mostraram-se eficientes em ambas as idades de corte, caracterizando-os como possíveis benchmarks para os clones ineficientes. Já o clone CL04 foi o único cuja eliminação da lista de clones a serem utilizados nos próximos ciclos de plantio foi sugerida, apresentando diminuição de seu volume individual e densidade básica, quando ocorre o aumento de sua idade de corte. Conclui-se que a metodologia DEA é uma opção para o auxílio da tomada de decisão de quais clones de eucalipto devem ser utilizados, reduzidos e/ou eliminados de seu próximo ciclo, determinando quais são mais eficientes, verificando sua evolução em relação a sua idade de corte

Em direção ao movimento Slow City

Partindo do pressuposto que o movimento Slow City representa uma alternativa na mitigação de problemas socioambientais contemporâneos, o presente estudo aborda a gestão do território de forma compartilhada como proposta promissora de sustentabilidade. Seu objetivo é analisar o processo de planejamento para a mobilização dos diferentes atores sociais de um pequeno município brasileiro para os fins de qualificá-lo na filosofia Slow City. Desta forma, evidencia-se uma abordagem de planejamento socialmente construído com impacto na governança local. Neste caso, as noções de planejamento público, sustentabilidade e Slow City são revisadas e um estudo de caso foi aplicado. Por meio da pesquisa-ação os procedimentos de coleta de dados envolveram observações de campo, entrevistas, além de análise temática. Como principais resultados, ressalta-se o papel das instituições, técnicos, comunidade científica e população em transformação num esforço coletivo na articulação de um planejamento público inspirado no método de Planejamento Estratégico Situacional (PES). Concluiu-se que a utilização deste método ampliou as possibilidades do município em planejar suas ações a fim de se especializar como uma Slow City. Também possibilitou o maior envolvimento dos cidadãos, sobretudo, no que tange ao levantamento das informações necessárias para a elaboração de diagnósticos e na proposição de ações e compromissos futuros a serem assumidos pela cidade, como a questão da sustentabilidade e da resolução de problemas ambientais severos que assombram o entorno da comunidade local

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Search for heavy resonances decaying to a top quark and a bottom quark in the lepton+jets final state in proton–proton collisions at 13 TeV

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO): Overview of pilot measurements on ecosystem ecology, meteorology, trace gases, and aerosols

The Amazon Basin plays key roles in the carbon and water cycles, climate change, atmospheric chemistry, and biodiversity. It has already been changed significantly by human activities, and more pervasive change is expected to occur in the coming decades. It is therefore essential to establish long-term measurement sites that provide a baseline record of present-day climatic, biogeochemical, and atmospheric conditions and that will be operated over coming decades to monitor change in the Amazon region, as human perturbations increase in the future. The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) has been set up in a pristine rain forest region in the central Amazon Basin, about 150 km northeast of the city of Manaus. Two 80 m towers have been operated at the site since 2012, and a 325 m tower is nearing completion in mid-2015. An ecological survey including a biodiversity assessment has been conducted in the forest region surrounding the site. Measurements of micrometeorological and atmospheric chemical variables were initiated in 2012, and their range has continued to broaden over the last few years. The meteorological and micrometeorological measurements include temperature and wind profiles, precipitation, water and energy fluxes, turbulence components, soil temperature profiles and soil heat fluxes, radiation fluxes, and visibility. A tree has been instrumented to measure stem profiles of temperature, light intensity, and water content in cryptogamic covers. The trace gas measurements comprise continuous monitoring of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and ozone at five to eight different heights, complemented by a variety of additional species measured during intensive campaigns (e.g., VOC, NO, NO2, and OH reactivity). Aerosol optical, microphysical, and chemical measurements are being made above the canopy as well as in the canopy space. They include aerosol light scattering and absorption, fluorescence, number and volume size distributions, chemical composition, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, and hygroscopicity. In this paper, we discuss the scientific context of the ATTO observatory and present an overview of results from ecological, meteorological, and chemical pilot studies at the ATTO site. © Author(s) 2015

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass